KEGG   PATHWAY: cang05226
Entry
cang05226                   Pathway                                
Name
Gastric cancer - Colobus angolensis palliatus (Angola colobus)
Description
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the world's most common cancers. According to Lauren's histological classification gastric cancer is divided into two distinct histological groups - the intestinal and diffuse types. Several genetic changes have been identified in intestinal-type GC. The intestinal metaplasia is characterized by mutations in p53 gene, reduced expression of retinoic acid receptor beta (RAR-beta) and hTERT expression. Gastric adenomas furthermore display mutations in the APC gene, reduced p27 expression and cyclin E amplification. In addition, amplification and overexpression of c-ErbB2, reduced TGF-beta receptor type I (TGFBRI) expression and complete loss of p27 expression are commonly observed in more advanced GC. The main molecular changes observed in diffuse-type GCs include loss of E-cadherin function by mutations in CDH1 and amplification of MET and FGFR2F.
Class
Human Diseases; Cancer: specific types
Pathway map
cang05226  Gastric cancer
cang05226

Organism
Colobus angolensis palliatus (Angola colobus) [GN:cang]
Gene
105523487  CDX2; homeobox protein CDX-2 isoform X1 [KO:K22234]
105503283  MUC2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mucin-2 [KO:K10955]
105508214  CDH17; cadherin-17 [KO:K06811]
105505255  REG4; regenerating islet-derived protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K22244]
105525957  ABCB1; multidrug resistance protein 1 [KO:K05658] [EC:7.6.2.2]
105511473  SHH; sonic hedgehog protein [KO:K11988]
105523626  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform X1 [KO:K04451]
105514162  CDKN1A; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06625]
105508083  GADD45A; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04402]
105516011  GADD45G; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma [KO:K04402]
105527649  GADD45B; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta isoform X1 [KO:K04402]
105514789  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
105514219  BAK1; bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer isoform X1 [KO:K14021]
105527128  DDB2; DNA damage-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10140]
105524119  POLK; DNA polymerase kappa [KO:K03511] [EC:2.7.7.7]
105521895  RARB; retinoic acid receptor beta isoform X1 [KO:K08528]
105503967  RXRA; retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K08524]
105514236  RXRB; retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta isoform X1 [KO:K08525]
105505513  RXRG; retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma isoform X1 [KO:K08526]
105507640  WNT1; proto-oncogene Wnt-1 [KO:K03209]
105508518  WNT2; protein Wnt-2 [KO:K00182]
105505351  WNT2B; protein Wnt-2b isoform X1 [KO:K00182]
105524998  WNT3A; protein Wnt-3a [KO:K00312]
105520280  WNT3; proto-oncogene Wnt-3 [KO:K00312]
105505976  WNT4; protein Wnt-4 [KO:K00408]
105515434  WNT5A; protein Wnt-5a isoform X1 [KO:K00444]
105503903  WNT5B; protein Wnt-5b isoform X1 [KO:K00444]
105504714  WNT6; protein Wnt-6 [KO:K00445]
105517901  WNT7A; protein Wnt-7a [KO:K00572]
105506562  WNT7B; protein Wnt-7b [KO:K00572]
105506967  WNT8A; protein Wnt-8a [KO:K00714]
105507141  WNT8B; protein Wnt-8b [KO:K00714]
105520282  WNT9B; protein Wnt-9b [KO:K01064]
105504785  WNT10A; protein Wnt-10a [KO:K01357]
105507641  WNT10B; protein Wnt-10b [KO:K01357]
105511852  WNT11; protein Wnt-11 [KO:K01384]
105508531  WNT16; protein Wnt-16 [KO:K01558]
105521875  FZD1; frizzled-1 [KO:K02432]
105517398  FZD7; frizzled-7 [KO:K02432]
105510410  FZD2; frizzled-2 [KO:K02235]
105513645  FZD3; frizzled-3 [KO:K02329]
105509307  FZD4; frizzled-4 [KO:K02354]
105521864  FZD8; frizzled-8 [KO:K02375]
105517355  FZD5; frizzled-5 [KO:K02375]
105503962  FZD6; frizzled-6 isoform X1 [KO:K02376]
105503772  FZD9; frizzled-9 [KO:K02842]
105525538  FZD10; frizzled-10 [KO:K02842]
105512067  LRP5; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03068]
105520153  LRP6; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03068]
105522019  DVL1; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
105523586  DVL2; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
105514470  DVL3; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
105518300  FRAT2; GSK-3-binding protein FRAT2 [KO:K03096]
105510739  GSK3B; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X1 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
105524707  AXIN1; axin-1 [KO:K02157]
105514689  AXIN2; axin-2 [KO:K04385]
105523472  APC; adenomatous polyposis coli protein isoform X1 [KO:K02085]
105527685  APC2; adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 [KO:K02085]
105518088  CTNNB1; catenin beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02105]
105504217  CSNK1A1; casein kinase I isoform alpha isoform X1 [KO:K08957] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105512534  CSNK1A1L; casein kinase I isoform alpha-like [KO:K08957] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105518212  TCF7; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transcription factor 7 [KO:K02620]
105527514  TCF7L1; transcription factor 7-like 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04490]
105501828  TCF7L2; transcription factor 7-like 2 [KO:K04491]
105514397  LEF1; lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04492]
105509076  MYC; myc proto-oncogene protein [KO:K04377]
105512055  CCND1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 isoform X1 [KO:K04503]
105519702  TERT; telomerase reverse transcriptase [KO:K11126] [EC:2.7.7.49]
105514419  EGF; pro-epidermal growth factor isoform X1 [KO:K04357]
105500265  EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
105503119  ERBB2; receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05083] [EC:2.7.10.1]
105502016  SHC1; SHC-transforming protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06279]
105527663  SHC2; SHC-transforming protein 2 [KO:K17447]
105516026  SHC3; SHC-transforming protein 3 [KO:K17448]
105502189  SHC4; SHC-transforming protein 4 [KO:K17449]
105513930  GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]
105522392  SOS2; son of sevenless homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
105507449  SOS1; son of sevenless homolog 1 [KO:K03099]
105503192  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
105515217  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
105504520  GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
105505387  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
105509473  ARAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105511179  BRAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105519101  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105510526  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
105512832  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
105515489  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105505634  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105523405  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
105523708  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
105507333  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
105524169  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
105500411  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
105515019  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
105518411  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105519178  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105521497  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105507357  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105512091  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105520079  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105520028  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
105519831  MLH1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: DNA mismatch repair protein Mlh1 [KO:K08734]
105520264  CDKN1B; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B isoform X1 [KO:K06624]
105500566  CDK2; cyclin-dependent kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02206] [EC:2.7.11.22]
105508203  CCNE2; G1/S-specific cyclin-E2 isoform X1 [KO:K06626]
105516826  CCNE1; G1/S-specific cyclin-E1 isoform X1 [KO:K06626]
105510064  RB1; retinoblastoma-associated protein [KO:K06618]
105525035  E2F1; transcription factor E2F1 [KO:K17454]
105514294  E2F2; transcription factor E2F2 [KO:K09389]
105526691  E2F3; transcription factor E2F3 [KO:K06620]
105507882  TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 [KO:K13375]
105502787  TGFB2; transforming growth factor beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K13376]
105517128  TGFB3; transforming growth factor beta-3 [KO:K13377]
105509956  TGFBR1; TGF-beta receptor type-1 [KO:K04674] [EC:2.7.11.30]
105525773  TGFBR2; TGF-beta receptor type-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04388] [EC:2.7.11.30]
105517011  SMAD2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04500]
105510522  SMAD3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 isoform X1 [KO:K23605]
105502346  SMAD4; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 [KO:K04501]
105503429  CDKN2B; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor B isoform X1 [KO:K04685]
105504620  CDH1; cadherin-1 [KO:K05689]
105527399  CTNNA2; catenin alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05691]
105506982  CTNNA1; catenin alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05691]
105503031  JUP; junction plakoglobin [KO:K10056]
105501675  HGF; hepatocyte growth factor isoform X1 [KO:K05460]
105508514  MET; hepatocyte growth factor receptor [KO:K05099] [EC:2.7.10.1]
105510120  FGF1; fibroblast growth factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18496]
105516422  FGF2; fibroblast growth factor 2 [KO:K18497]
105515618  FGF16; fibroblast growth factor 16 [KO:K04358]
105502192  FGF7; fibroblast growth factor 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04358]
105515843  FGF18; fibroblast growth factor 18 [KO:K04358]
105523862  FGF9; fibroblast growth factor 9 [KO:K04358]
105510170  FGF17; fibroblast growth factor 17 isoform X1 [KO:K04358]
105503934  FGF6; fibroblast growth factor 6 [KO:K04358]
105511582  FGF5; fibroblast growth factor 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04358]
105525388  FGF10; fibroblast growth factor 10 [KO:K04358]
105506665  FGF20; fibroblast growth factor 20 [KO:K04358]
105527667  FGF22; fibroblast growth factor 22 [KO:K04358]
105507121  FGF8; fibroblast growth factor 8 [KO:K04358]
105512318  FGF19; fibroblast growth factor 19 [KO:K22603]
105514795  FGF21; fibroblast growth factor 21 [KO:K22429]
105503933  FGF23; fibroblast growth factor 23 [KO:K22428]
105503366  FGFR2; fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05093] [EC:2.7.10.1]
105522620  GAB1; GRB2-associated-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09593]
Compound
C00039  DNA
C00777  Retinoate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C15493  9-cis-Retinoic acid
Reference
PMID:26073375
  Authors
Tan P, Yeoh KG
  Title
Genetics and Molecular Pathogenesis of Gastric Adenocarcinoma.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 149:1153-1162.e3 (2015)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2015.05.059
Reference
PMID:26267324
  Authors
Riquelme I, Saavedra K, Espinoza JA, Weber H, Garcia P, Nervi B, Garrido M, Corvalan AH, Roa JC, Bizama C
  Title
Molecular classification of gastric cancer: Towards a pathway-driven targeted therapy.
  Journal
Oncotarget 6:24750-79 (2015)
DOI:10.18632/oncotarget.4990
Reference
PMID:16154715
  Authors
Stock M, Otto F
  Title
Gene deregulation in gastric cancer.
  Journal
Gene 360:1-19 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.gene.2005.06.026
Reference
PMID:18381231
  Authors
Panani AD
  Title
Cytogenetic and molecular aspects of gastric cancer: clinical implications.
  Journal
Cancer Lett 266:99-115 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.canlet.2008.02.053
Reference
PMID:16997151
  Authors
Vauhkonen M, Vauhkonen H, Sipponen P
  Title
Pathology and molecular biology of gastric cancer.
  Journal
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 20:651-74 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.bpg.2006.03.016
Reference
PMID:16718776
  Authors
Smith MG, Hold GL, Tahara E, El-Omar EM.
  Title
Cellular and molecular aspects of gastric cancer.
  Journal
World J Gastroenterol 12:2979-90 (2006)
DOI:10.3748/wjg.v12.i19.2979
Reference
PMID:15224192
  Authors
Zheng L, Wang L, Ajani J, Xie K.
  Title
Molecular basis of gastric cancer development and progression.
  Journal
Gastric Cancer 7:61-77 (2004)
DOI:10.1007/s10120-004-0277-4
Reference
PMID:12894247
  Authors
Yuasa Y
  Title
Control of gut differentiation and intestinal-type gastric carcinogenesis.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 3:592-600 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nrc1141
Reference
PMID:28427431
  Authors
Wessler S, Krisch LM, Elmer DP, Aberger F
  Title
From inflammation to gastric cancer - the importance of Hedgehog/GLI signaling in Helicobacter pylori-induced chronic inflammatory and neoplastic diseases.
  Journal
Cell Commun Signal 15:15 (2017)
DOI:10.1186/s12964-017-0171-4
Reference
PMID:24744585
  Authors
Yan LH, Wei WY, Xie YB, Xiao Q
  Title
New insights into the functions and localization of the homeotic gene CDX2 in gastric cancer.
  Journal
World J Gastroenterol 20:3960-6 (2014)
DOI:10.3748/wjg.v20.i14.3960
Reference
PMID:11683489
  Authors
Hayashi K, Yokozaki H, Goodison S, Oue N, Suzuki T, Lotan R, Yasui W, Tahara E
  Title
Inactivation of retinoic acid receptor beta by promoter CpG hypermethylation in gastric cancer.
  Journal
Differentiation 68:13-21 (2001)
DOI:10.1046/j.1432-0436.2001.068001013.x
Reference
PMID:26857262
  Authors
Li X, Wu WK, Xing R, Wong SH, Liu Y, Fang X, Zhang Y, Wang M, Wang J, Li L, Zhou Y, Tang S, Peng S, Qiu K, Chen L, Chen K, Yang H, Zhang W, Chan MT, Lu Y, Sung JJ, Yu J
  Title
Distinct Subtypes of Gastric Cancer Defined by Molecular Characterization Include Novel Mutational Signatures with Prognostic Capability.
  Journal
Cancer Res 76:1724-32 (2016)
DOI:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-15-2443
Reference
PMID:24061039
  Authors
Wadhwa R, Song S, Lee JS, Yao Y, Wei Q, Ajani JA
  Title
Gastric cancer-molecular and clinical dimensions.
  Journal
Nat Rev Clin Oncol 10:643-55 (2013)
DOI:10.1038/nrclinonc.2013.170
Reference
PMID:26071484
  Authors
Bertotti A, Sassi F
  Title
Molecular Pathways: Sensitivity and Resistance to Anti-EGFR Antibodies.
  Journal
Clin Cancer Res 21:3377-83 (2015)
DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-0848
Reference
PMID:22042966
  Authors
Appleman LJ
  Title
MET signaling pathway: a rational target for cancer therapy.
  Journal
J Clin Oncol 29:4837-8 (2011)
DOI:10.1200/JCO.2011.37.7929
Reference
PMID:19318488
  Authors
Eder JP, Vande Woude GF, Boerner SA, LoRusso PM
  Title
Novel therapeutic inhibitors of the c-Met signaling pathway in cancer.
  Journal
Clin Cancer Res 15:2207-14 (2009)
DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-1306
Reference
PMID:22586678
  Authors
Feng Y, Ma PC
  Title
Anti-MET targeted therapy has come of age: the first durable complete response with MetMAb in metastatic gastric cancer.
  Journal
Cancer Discov 1:550-4 (2011)
DOI:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-11-0289
Reference
PMID:23696246
  Authors
Katoh M, Nakagama H
  Title
FGF receptors: cancer biology and therapeutics.
  Journal
Med Res Rev 34:280-300 (2014)
DOI:10.1002/med.21288
Reference
PMID:19387476
  Authors
Katoh M
  Title
FGFR2 abnormalities underlie a spectrum of bone, skin, and cancer pathologies.
  Journal
J Invest Dermatol 129:1861-7 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/jid.2009.97
Reference
PMID:20836672
  Authors
Katoh M
  Title
Genetic alterations of FGF receptors: an emerging field in clinical cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
  Journal
Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 10:1375-9 (2010)
DOI:10.1586/era.10.128
Related
pathway
cang04010  MAPK signaling pathway
cang04110  Cell cycle
cang04115  p53 signaling pathway
cang04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
cang04310  Wnt signaling pathway
cang04350  TGF-beta signaling pathway
cang04520  Adherens junction
KO pathway
ko05226   
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