KEGG   PATHWAY: pps05144
Entry
pps05144                    Pathway                                
Name
Malaria - Pan paniscus (bonobo)
Description
Plasmodium protozoa are parasites that account for malaria infection. Sporozoite forms of the parasite are injected by mosquito bites under the skin and are carried to the liver where they develop into the merozoite form.
Sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes is mediated by parasite surface protein like CSP. Subsequent infection into red blood cells (RBCs) by merozoites causes malaria disease via aberrant cytokine production and sequestration of parasite-infected red blood cells (pRBCs) to host endothelium. Microvasculature sequestration in the brain brings about cerebral malaria that can results in death or persisting neurological impairment. PfEMP1 has been suggested as the key adhesive molecule of pRBCs.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: parasitic
Pathway map
pps05144  Malaria
pps05144

Organism
Pan paniscus (bonobo) [GN:pps]
Gene
100969006  SDC1; syndecan-1 isoform X1 [KO:K06257]
100975122  SDC2; syndecan-2 isoform X2 [KO:K16336]
100988739  LRP1; prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 [KO:K04550]
100994729  CD81; CD81 antigen [KO:K06508]
100983117  HGF; hepatocyte growth factor isoform X1 [KO:K05460]
100991777  MET; hepatocyte growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05099] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100976602  ACKR1; atypical chemokine receptor 1 [KO:K06574]
100988344  GYPA; glycophorin-A isoform X1 [KO:K06575]
117974307  GYPB; glycophorin-B [KO:K06575]
100978761  GYPC; glycophorin-C [KO:K06576]
100983142  HBA2; hemoglobin subunit alpha [KO:K13822]
100984160  hemoglobin subunit alpha-3-like [KO:K13822]
100976465  hemoglobin subunit beta [KO:K13823]
100986336  toll-like receptor 9 isoform X3 [KO:K10161]
100996159  MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 [KO:K04729]
100994768  TLR2; toll-like receptor 2 precursor [KO:K10159]
100980644  TLR4; toll-like receptor 4 precursor [KO:K10160]
100990760  IL10; interleukin-10 [KO:K05443]
100980947  TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein isoform X2 [KO:K13375]
100985755  TGFB2; transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein isoform X2 [KO:K13376]
100990987  TGFB3; transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein [KO:K13377]
100978369  CXCL8; interleukin-8 [KO:K10030]
100967827  IL6; interleukin-6 isoform X2 [KO:K05405]
100981087  CCL2; C-C motif chemokine 2 [KO:K14624]
100972250  CSF3; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor isoform X1 [KO:K05423]
100993613  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]
100977674  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
100979574  IL12A; interleukin-12 subunit alpha [KO:K05406]
100971499  IL18; interleukin-18 isoform X1 [KO:K05482]
100971995  KLRB1; killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B member 1 [KO:K06543]
100989567  KLRK1; NKG2-D type II integral membrane protein [KO:K06728]
100995080  uncharacterized protein LOC100995080 [KO:K10785]
100991779  IFNG; interferon gamma [KO:K04687]
100984927  CD36; platelet glycoprotein 4 [KO:K06259]
100982795  CR1; complement receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04011]
103783766  CR1L; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: complement component receptor 1-like protein [KO:K04011]
100977201  PECAM1; platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule isoform X1 [KO:K06471]
100992007  VCAM1; vascular cell adhesion protein 1 [KO:K06527]
100994890  THBS1; thrombospondin-1 [KO:K16857]
100985431  THBS3; thrombospondin-3 isoform X4 [KO:K04659]
100991072  THBS2; thrombospondin-2 [KO:K04659]
100978289  THBS4; thrombospondin-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04659]
100967906  COMP; cartilage oligomeric matrix protein [KO:K04659]
100983820  SELE; E-selectin [KO:K06494]
100968171  ITGAL; integrin alpha-L isoform X1 [KO:K05718]
100985940  ITGB2; integrin beta-2 [KO:K06464]
100980120  ICAM1; intercellular adhesion molecule 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06490]
100975410  CD40LG; CD40 ligand isoform X1 [KO:K03161]
100974274  CD40; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 isoform X2 [KO:K03160]
100983243  SELP; P-selectin [KO:K06496]
Compound
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00634  Chondroitin 4-sulfate
G00052  Type II B antigen
G00054  Type II A antigen
G10505  Hyaluronic acid
Reference
  Authors
Morahan BJ, Wang L, Coppel RL
  Title
No TRAP, no invasion.
  Journal
Trends Parasitol 25:77-84 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.pt.2008.11.004
Reference
PMID:8920859
  Authors
Shakibaei M, Frevert U
  Title
Dual interaction of the malaria circumsporozoite protein with the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) and heparan sulfate proteoglycans.
  Journal
J Exp Med 184:1699-711 (1996)
DOI:10.1084/jem.184.5.1699
Reference
  Authors
Silvie O, Franetich JF, Renia L, Mazier D
  Title
Malaria sporozoite: migrating for a living.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 10:97-100; discussion 100-1 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2004.01.004
Reference
  Authors
Mota MM, Giordano S, Rodriguez A
  Title
Targeting Plasmodium host cells: survival within hepatocytes.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 10:487-92 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2004.08.003
Reference
  Authors
Cowman AF, Crabb BS
  Title
The Plasmodium falciparum genome--a blueprint for erythrocyte invasion.
  Journal
Science 298:126-8 (2002)
DOI:10.1126/science.1078169
Reference
  Authors
O'Donnell RA, Blackman MJ
  Title
The role of malaria merozoite proteases in red blood cell invasion.
  Journal
Curr Opin Microbiol 8:422-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.mib.2005.06.018
Reference
  Authors
Iyer J, Gruner AC, Renia L, Snounou G, Preiser PR
  Title
Invasion of host cells by malaria parasites: a tale of two protein families.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 65:231-49 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05791.x
Reference
  Authors
Chitnis CE
  Title
Molecular insights into receptors used by malaria parasites for erythrocyte invasion.
  Journal
Curr Opin Hematol 8:85-91 (2001)
DOI:10.1097/00062752-200103000-00005
Reference
  Authors
Rasti N, Wahlgren M, Chen Q
  Title
Molecular aspects of malaria pathogenesis.
  Journal
FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 41:9-26 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.femsim.2004.01.010
Reference
  Authors
Clark IA, Rockett KA, Cowden WB
  Title
Proposed link between cytokines, nitric oxide and human cerebral malaria.
  Journal
Parasitol Today 7:205-7 (1991)
DOI:10.1016/0169-4758(91)90142-B
Reference
  Authors
Hisaeda H, Tetsutani K, Imai T, Moriya C, Tu L, Hamano S, Duan X, Chou B, Ishida H, Aramaki A, Shen J, Ishii KJ, Coban C, Akira S, Takeda K, Yasutomo K, Torii M, Himeno K
  Title
Malaria parasites require TLR9 signaling for immune evasion by activating regulatory T cells.
  Journal
J Immunol 180:2496-503 (2008)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.180.4.2496
Reference
  Authors
Chen Q, Schlichtherle M, Wahlgren M
  Title
Molecular aspects of severe malaria.
  Journal
Clin Microbiol Rev 13:439-50 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/CMR.13.3.439-450.2000
Reference
  Authors
Miller LH, Baruch DI, Marsh K, Doumbo OK
  Title
The pathogenic basis of malaria.
  Journal
Nature 415:673-9 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/415673a
Reference
  Authors
Faille D, El-Assaad F, Alessi MC, Fusai T, Combes V, Grau GE
  Title
Platelet-endothelial cell interactions in cerebral malaria: the end of a cordial understanding.
  Journal
Thromb Haemost 102:1093-102 (2009)
DOI:10.1160/TH09-05-0337
Reference
  Authors
Schofield L, Grau GE
  Title
Immunological processes in malaria pathogenesis.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 5:722-35 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nri1686
Reference
  Authors
Ishino T, Yano K, Chinzei Y, Yuda M
  Title
Cell-passage activity is required for the malarial parasite to cross the liver sinusoidal cell layer.
  Journal
PLoS Biol 2:E4 (2004)
DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020004
Reference
  Authors
Kariu T, Ishino T, Yano K, Chinzei Y, Yuda M
  Title
CelTOS, a novel malarial protein that mediates transmission to mosquito and vertebrate hosts.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 59:1369-79 (2006)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.05024.x
Reference
  Authors
Cox D, McConkey S
  Title
The role of platelets in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 67:557-68 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-009-0211-3
Related
pathway
pps04210  Apoptosis
pps04514  Cell adhesion molecules
pps04610  Complement and coagulation cascades
pps04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko05144   
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