KEGG PATHWAY: tmu05150

PATHWAY: tmu05150

Entry

tmu05150                    Pathway

Name

Staphylococcus aureus infection - Trichechus manatus latirostris (Florida manatee)

Description

Staphylococcus aureus can cause multiple forms of infections ranging from superficial skin infections to food poisoning and life-threatening infections. The organism has several ways to divert the effectiveness of the immune system: secreting immune modulating proteins that inhibit complement activation and neutrophil chemotaxis or lysis, modulating the sensitivity to cationic antimicrobial peptides (such as defensin) by increasing the positive net charge of its cytoplasmic membrane, and expression of superantigens that prevent development of a normal immune response or cause an emetic response when ingested.

Class

Human Diseases; Infectious disease: bacterial

Pathway map

tmu05150

Staphylococcus aureus infection

Organism

Trichechus manatus latirostris (Florida manatee) [GN:tmu]

Gene

101348742

keratin, type I cytoskeletal 17 isoform X2 [KO:K07604]

101349001

keratin, type I cytoskeletal 16 [KO:K07604]

101349261

keratin, type I cytoskeletal 14 [KO:K07604]

101349511

keratin, type I cytoskeletal 15 [KO:K07604]

101349771

keratin, type I cuticular Ha5 [KO:K07604]

101350270

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: keratin, type I cuticular Ha4 [KO:K07604]

101350527

keratin, type I cuticular Ha3-I-like [KO:K07604]

101350778

keratin, type I cuticular Ha3-I [KO:K07604]

101356439

keratin, type I cytoskeletal 19 [KO:K07604]

101356699

keratin, type I cuticular Ha2 [KO:K07604]

101357187

keratin, type I cuticular Ha7 [KO:K07604]

101357437

keratin, type I cuticular Ha1 [KO:K07604]

101358314

keratin, type I cytoskeletal 40 [KO:K07604]

101350024

keratin, type I cuticular Ha6 [KO:K07604]

101356941

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: keratin, type I cuticular Ha8-like [KO:K07604]

105756953

keratin, type I cytoskeletal 13 [KO:K07604]

101355511

keratin, type I cytoskeletal 18 [KO:K07604]

101343511

keratin, type I cytoskeletal 24 [KO:K07604]

101343779

keratin, type I cytoskeletal 25 [KO:K07604]

101344036

keratin, type I cytoskeletal 26 [KO:K07604]

101344301

keratin, type I cytoskeletal 27 [KO:K07604]

101344543

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: keratin, type I cytoskeletal 28 [KO:K07604]

101344788

keratin, type I cytoskeletal 12 [KO:K07604]

101345036

keratin, type I cytoskeletal 23 [KO:K07604]

101357804

keratin, type I cytoskeletal 10 [KO:K07604]

101358059

keratin, type I cytoskeletal 20 [KO:K07604]

101356185

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: keratin, type I cytoskeletal 42-like [KO:K07604]

101341660

fibrinogen gamma chain isoform X1 [KO:K03905]

101350977

complement C3 [KO:K03990]

101350698

complement factor B [KO:K01335] [EC:3.4.21.47]

101356637

complement factor D [KO:K01334] [EC:3.4.21.46]

101344709

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: complement factor H-like [KO:K04004]

101351551

mannose-binding protein C [KO:K03991]

101354394

mannose-binding protein A-like [KO:K03991]

101351430

mannan-binding lectin serine protease 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03992] [EC:3.4.21.-]

101342871

mannan-binding lectin serine protease 2 [KO:K03993] [EC:3.4.21.104]

111820845

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uncharacterized protein LOC111820845 [KO:K06856]

101349199

complement C1q subcomponent subunit A isoform X2 [KO:K03986]

101348685

complement C1q subcomponent subunit B [KO:K03987]

101348943

complement C1q subcomponent subunit C [KO:K03988]

101359146

complement C1r subcomponent [KO:K01330] [EC:3.4.21.41]

101344169

complement C1s subcomponent [KO:K01331] [EC:3.4.21.42]

101350027

complement C2 [KO:K01332] [EC:3.4.21.43]

101351736

complement C4-A isoform X1 [KO:K03989]

101350370

complement C5 isoform X1 [KO:K03994]

101346693

C3a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor [KO:K04009]

101348527

C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor 1 [KO:K04010]

101342556

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: high affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I [KO:K06498]

101350744

low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-like isoform X1 [KO:K06472]

101360526

low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b isoform X1 [KO:K12560]

101360005

low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-B-like [KO:K06463]

101360268

low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-B-like [KO:K06463]

101360255

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: immunoglobulin alpha Fc receptor [KO:K06513]

111821495

immunoglobulin alpha Fc receptor isoform X1 [KO:K06513]

101345385

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: N-formyl peptide receptor 2 [KO:K04173]

101345132

fMet-Leu-Phe receptor [KO:K04172]

101342891

plasminogen isoform X2 [KO:K01315] [EC:3.4.21.7]

101355196

complement factor I [KO:K01333] [EC:3.4.21.45]

101361015

P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 isoform X3 [KO:K06544]

101347280

P-selectin isoform X1 [KO:K06496]

101343257

intercellular adhesion molecule 1 [KO:K06490]

101355641

integrin alpha-L [KO:K05718]

101357920

integrin alpha-M isoform X2 [KO:K06461]

101349050

integrin beta-2 [KO:K06464]

111821580

beta-defensin 103A-like [KO:K23126]

111821181

defensin-5-like [KO:K05230]

101341367

cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide isoform X1 [KO:K13916]

111819544

cathelicidin-related peptide Pt_CRAMP2-like [KO:K13916]

101349153

desmoglein-1 [KO:K07596]

111819117

uncharacterized protein LOC111819117 [KO:K10784]

101361451

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uncharacterized protein LOC101361451 [KO:K10785]

105756611

uncharacterized protein LOC105756611 [KO:K10785]

101342429

uncharacterized protein LOC101342429 [KO:K10785]

101343312

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752]

101343065

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain [KO:K06752]

101344101

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: boLa class II histocompatibility antigen, DQB*0101 beta chain-like [KO:K06752]

101345015

boLa class II histocompatibility antigen, DQB*0101 beta chain-like [KO:K06752]

101361245

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752]

101342567

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain [KO:K06752]

101342817

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chain isoform X2 [KO:K06752]

101342571

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain-like [KO:K06752]

101343573

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain [KO:K06752]

101345267

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 2 chain-like [KO:K06752]

101345522

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain [KO:K06752]

101348755

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chain-like [KO:K06752]

101358669

platelet-activating factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04279]

101342743

interleukin-10 [KO:K05443]

Compound

C11596

FMLP

C20898

Lipoteichoic acid

Reference

PMID:20178484

Authors

Foster TJ

Title

Colonization and infection of the human host by staphylococci: adhesion, survival and immune evasion.

Journal

Vet Dermatol 20:456-70 (2009)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00825.x

Reference

PMID:16322743

Authors

Foster TJ

Title

Immune evasion by staphylococci.

Journal

Nat Rev Microbiol 3:948-58 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrmicro1289

Reference

PMID:20062962

Authors

Laarman A, Milder F, van Strijp J, Rooijakkers S

Title

Complement inhibition by gram-positive pathogens: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.

Journal

J Mol Med 88:115-20 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s00109-009-0572-y

Reference

PMID:16242332

Authors

Rooijakkers SH, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA

Title

Staphylococcal innate immune evasion.

Journal

Trends Microbiol 13:596-601 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.tim.2005.10.002

Reference

PMID:16679003

Authors

Iwatsuki K, Yamasaki O, Morizane S, Oono T

Title

Staphylococcal cutaneous infections: invasion, evasion and aggression.

Journal

J Dermatol Sci 42:203-14 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2006.03.011

Reference

PMID:11361034

Authors

Torres BA, Kominsky S, Perrin GQ, Hobeika AC, Johnson HM

Title

Superantigens: the good, the bad, and the ugly.

Journal

Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 226:164-76 (2001)
DOI:10.1177/153537020122600303

Reference

PMID:18061675

Authors

Atkins KL, Burman JD, Chamberlain ES, Cooper JE, Poutrel B, Bagby S, Jenkins AT, Feil EJ, van den Elsen JM

Title

S. aureus IgG-binding proteins SpA and Sbi: host specificity and mechanisms of immune complex formation.

Journal

Mol Immunol 45:1600-11 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.molimm.2007.10.021

Reference

PMID:16724100

Authors

Silverman GJ, Goodyear CS

Title

Confounding B-cell defences: lessons from a staphylococcal superantigen.

Journal

Nat Rev Immunol 6:465-75 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/nri1853

Reference

PMID:15273292

Authors

Goodyear CS, Silverman GJ

Title

Staphylococcal toxin induced preferential and prolonged in vivo deletion of innate-like B lymphocytes.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:11392-7 (2004)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0404382101

Reference

PMID:19112495

Authors

Haupt K, Reuter M, van den Elsen J, Burman J, Halbich S, Richter J, Skerka C, Zipfel PF

Title

The Staphylococcus aureus protein Sbi acts as a complement inhibitor and forms a tripartite complex with host complement Factor H and C3b.

Journal

PLoS Pathog 4:e1000250 (2008)
DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000250

Reference

PMID:16111912

Authors

Bokarewa MI, Jin T, Tarkowski A

Title

Staphylococcus aureus: Staphylokinase.

Journal

Int J Biochem Cell Biol 38:504-9 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.07.005

Reference

PMID:16086019

Authors

Rooijakkers SH, Ruyken M, Roos A, Daha MR, Presanis JS, Sim RB, van Wamel WJ, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA

Title

Immune evasion by a staphylococcal complement inhibitor that acts on C3 convertases.

Journal

Nat Immunol 6:920-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/ni1235

Reference

PMID:19503103

Authors

Rooijakkers SH, Wu J, Ruyken M, van Domselaar R, Planken KL, Tzekou A, Ricklin D, Lambris JD, Janssen BJ, van Strijp JA, Gros P

Title

Structural and functional implications of the alternative complement pathway C3 convertase stabilized by a staphylococcal inhibitor.

Journal

Nat Immunol 10:721-7 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/ni.1756

Reference

PMID:17893203

Authors

Jongerius I, Kohl J, Pandey MK, Ruyken M, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA, Rooijakkers SH

Title

Staphylococcal complement evasion by various convertase-blocking molecules.

Journal

J Exp Med 204:2461-71 (2007)
DOI:10.1084/jem.20070818

Reference

PMID:18544012

Authors

Hair PS, Ward MD, Semmes OJ, Foster TJ, Cunnion KM

Title

Staphylococcus aureus clumping factor A binds to complement regulator factor I and increases factor I cleavage of C3b.

Journal

J Infect Dis 198:125-33 (2008)
DOI:10.1086/588825

Reference

PMID:16640587

Authors

Higgins J, Loughman A, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA, Foster TJ

Title

Clumping factor A of Staphylococcus aureus inhibits phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.

Journal

FEMS Microbiol Lett 258:290-6 (2006)
DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00229.x

Reference

PMID:20133685

Authors

Laursen NS, Gordon N, Hermans S, Lorenz N, Jackson N, Wines B, Spillner E, Christensen JB, Jensen M, Fredslund F, Bjerre M, Sottrup-Jensen L, Fraser JD, Andersen GR

Title

Structural basis for inhibition of complement C5 by the SSL7 protein from Staphylococcus aureus.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:3681-6 (2010)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0910565107

Reference

PMID:17848512

Authors

Ramsland PA, Willoughby N, Trist HM, Farrugia W, Hogarth PM, Fraser JD, Wines BD

Title

Structural basis for evasion of IgA immunity by Staphylococcus aureus revealed in the complex of SSL7 with Fc of human IgA1.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:15051-6 (2007)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0706028104

Reference

PMID:14993252

Authors

de Haas CJ, Veldkamp KE, Peschel A, Weerkamp F, Van Wamel WJ, Heezius EC, Poppelier MJ, Van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA

Title

Chemotaxis inhibitory protein of Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterial antiinflammatory agent.

Journal

J Exp Med 199:687-95 (2004)
DOI:10.1084/jem.20031636

Reference

PMID:17114475

Authors

Prat C, Bestebroer J, de Haas CJ, van Strijp JA, van Kessel KP

Title

A new staphylococcal anti-inflammatory protein that antagonizes the formyl peptide receptor-like 1.

Journal

J Immunol 177:8017-26 (2006)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.177.11.8017

Reference

PMID:17132726

Authors

Bestebroer J, Poppelier MJ, Ulfman LH, Lenting PJ, Denis CV, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA, de Haas CJ

Title

Staphylococcal superantigen-like 5 binds PSGL-1 and inhibits P-selectin-mediated neutrophil rolling.

Journal

Blood 109:2936-43 (2007)
DOI:10.1182/blood-2006-06-015461

Reference

PMID:18045383

Authors

Chung MC, Wines BD, Baker H, Langley RJ, Baker EN, Fraser JD

Title

The crystal structure of staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 11 in complex with sialyl Lewis X reveals the mechanism for cell binding and immune inhibition.

Journal

Mol Microbiol 66:1342-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05989.x

Reference

PMID:12091905

Authors

Chavakis T, Hussain M, Kanse SM, Peters G, Bretzel RG, Flock JI, Herrmann M, Preissner KT

Title

Staphylococcus aureus extracellular adherence protein serves as anti-inflammatory factor by inhibiting the recruitment of host leukocytes.

Journal

Nat Med 8:687-93 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nm728

Reference

PMID:17517597

Authors

Li M, Lai Y, Villaruz AE, Cha DJ, Sturdevant DE, Otto M

Title

Gram-positive three-component antimicrobial peptide-sensing system.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:9469-74 (2007)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0702159104

Reference

PMID:15561843

Authors

Sieprawska-Lupa M, Mydel P, Krawczyk K, Wojcik K, Puklo M, Lupa B, Suder P, Silberring J, Reed M, Pohl J, Shafer W, McAleese F, Foster T, Travis J, Potempa J

Title

Degradation of human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 by Staphylococcus aureus-derived proteinases.

Journal

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48:4673-9 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/AAC.48.12.4673-4679.2004

Reference

PMID:18837785

Authors

Fraser JD, Proft T

Title

The bacterial superantigen and superantigen-like proteins.

Journal

Immunol Rev 225:226-43 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00681.x