KEGG   PATHWAY: ptao04140
Entry
ptao04140                   Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Phyllopteryx taeniolatus (common seadragon)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
ptao04140  Autophagy - animal
ptao04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Phyllopteryx taeniolatus (common seadragon) [GN:ptao]
Gene
133465004  zgc:73226; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
133465219  si:ch73-234b20.5; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
133465368  nbr1b; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
133465404  wipi1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
133465513  akt1s1; uncharacterized protein akt1s1 isoform X1 [KO:K16184]
133465719  smcr8a; guanine nucleotide exchange protein smcr8a isoform X1 [KO:K23611]
133465732  prkacaa; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, alpha, genome duplicate a isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
133465751  zgc:55558; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
133465881  napsa; napsin-A [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
133465888  rras; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07830]
133466053  ern1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
133466092  mapk3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
133466169  wipi2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
133466468  [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
133466761  hmgb1a; high mobility group protein B1a [KO:K10802]
133466875  rras2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
133466883  si:ch211-284e13.4; insulin receptor substrate 1-B isoform X1 [KO:K16172]
133466904  mtmr4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
133466919  [KO:K07925]
133466966  uvrag; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein isoform X1 [KO:K21249]
133466972  [KO:K21247]
133467054  ins; insulin [KO:K04526]
133467194  ppp2cab; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
133467349  [KO:K04526]
133467451  supt20; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
133467564  [KO:K08770]
133467565  [KO:K08770]
133467607  rps6kb1a; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
133467652  atg101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
133467666  rraga; ras-related GTP-binding protein A isoform X1 [KO:K16185]
133467702  vps11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20179]
133468057  eif2s1b; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1b [KO:K03237]
133468076  map3k7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
133468136  vps18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20181]
133468213  stx7l; syntaxin-7 isoform X1 [KO:K08488]
133468602  zfyve1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K17603]
133468919  nbr1a; NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor a isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
133469042  ddit4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
133469052  mapk8b; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
133469083  ptenb; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
133469173  [KO:K17908]
133469193  wdr45b; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
133469278  [KO:K08268]
133469464  becn1; beclin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K08334]
133469481  pdpk1b; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
133469520  nrbf2b; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2b [KO:K21246]
133469549  calcoco2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21348]
133469599  mlst8; target of rapamycin complex subunit lst8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266]
133469707  plekhm1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K23282]
133470023  sh3glb1a; endophilin-B1a [KO:K11248]
133470347  vps41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog [KO:K20184]
133470524  [KO:K26797]
133471287  si:dkey-240h12.4; death-associated protein kinase 2 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
133471462  [KO:K16186]
133471540  tax1bp1a; tax1-binding protein 1 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
133471596  optn; optineurin isoform X1 [KO:K19946]
133471861  prkcq; protein kinase C theta type isoform X1 [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
133471939  traf6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
133472175  tbk1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
133472337  zgc:158659; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
133472379  lamp1a; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1a [KO:K06528]
133472394  gabarapa; GABA(A) receptor-associated protein a [KO:K08341]
133472434  [KO:K07925]
133472477  pik3c3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
133472768  si:ch73-335l21.1; insulin receptor substrate 1-B isoform X1 [KO:K16172]
133472787  [KO:K07187]
133472979  [KO:K02158]
133472981  rab1ba; zRAB1B, member RAS oncogene family a [KO:K07874]
133473268  ctsd; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
133474106  igf1rb; insulin-like growth factor 1b receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
133474315  ctsba; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
133474474  dapk2a; death-associated protein kinase 2a [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
133474485  gabarapl2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
133474738  mtmr3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
133474743  vamp8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
133474844  wdfy3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
133474857  mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
133474927  ctsla; cathepsin La [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
133474930  dapk1; death-associated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
133475003  mtor; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
133475116  ykt6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
133475128  snap29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 isoform X1 [KO:K08509]
133475364  epg5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23883]
133475559  vps33a; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A isoform X1 [KO:K20182]
133475642  ulk1a; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1a isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
133475742  [KO:K02649]
133475816  [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
133476315  prkacab; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
133476343  tsc2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
133476524  rptor; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204]
133476555  [KO:K07920]
133476564  [KO:K07874]
133476575  map1lc3c; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
133476580  akt3b; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
133476657  smcr8b; guanine nucleotide exchange protein smcr8b isoform X1 [KO:K23611]
133477112  atg4da; cysteine protease atg4da isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
133477242  ern2; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
133477410  [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
133477684  map1lc3b; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
133477772  kras; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
133477792  [KO:K02833]
133478285  igf1ra; insulin-like growth factor 1a receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
133478427  dapk2b; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
133478460  map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
133478737  ambra1b; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1B isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
133478998  stx17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
133479021  pik3r4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
133479044  deptor; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K20402]
133479098  tax1bp1b; tax1-binding protein 1 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
133479235  zgc:92606; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
133479255  atg5; autophagy protein 5 [KO:K08339]
133479860  atg12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
133479865  rragca; ras-related GTP binding Ca isoform X1 [KO:K16186]
133480350  uba52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
133480430  pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
133480438  [KO:K07901]
133480513  [KO:K02649]
133480523  prkaa2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
133480626  rubcn; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X1 [KO:K19330]
133480809  atg4c; cysteine protease ATG4C isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
133481008  map2k2a; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2a [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
133481391  atg4b; cysteine protease ATG4B isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
133481437  prkacba; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, beta a isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
133481863  [KO:K10802]
133481898  si:ch211-11n16.2; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17603]
133481943  pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
133482017  pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
133482095  rps6kb1b; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
133482097  vmp1; vacuole membrane protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21248]
133482159  atg16l2; protein Atg16l2 [KO:K20868]
133482609  hif1al; hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha, like isoform X1 [KO:K08268]
133482658  [KO:K17890]
133482790  akt2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
133483029  itpr1b; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
133483033  [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
133483116  atg7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X1 [KO:K08337]
133483123  mtmr14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
133483434  rab7a; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
133483471  si:dkeyp-97e7.9; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein [KO:K20402]
133483531  atg3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
133483847  prkcda; protein kinase C, delta a [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
133483854  [KO:K07897]
133483891  rhebl1; ras homolog, mTORC1 binding like 1 [KO:K07208]
133483904  [KO:K07187]
133484160  vps16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20180]
133484161  map1lc3a; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A isoform X1 [KO:K10435]
133484206  [KO:K04958]
133484288  lamp2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
133484364  mapk9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
133484564  [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
133484743  map1lc3cl; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
133484881  atg2a; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
133484993  igbp1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
133485005  [KO:K04526]
133485064  rab33ba; RAB33B, member RAS oncogene family a [KO:K07920]
133485159  sqstm1; sequestosome-1 isoform X1 [KO:K14381]
133485477  bcl2l1; bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04570]
133485547  rps27a; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
133485585  [KO:K08270]
133485601  mapk8a; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
133485611  birc6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
133485661  ptena; phosphatase and tensin homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
133486029  bnip4; BCL2 interacting protein 4 [KO:K15464]
133486122  [KO:K07874]
133486243  akt3a; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
133486404  zgc:101559; ras-related protein Rab-33B-like isoform X1 [KO:K07920]
133486459  [KO:K04724]
133486499  irs2b; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
133486660  [KO:K07831]
133487075  tank; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X1 [KO:K12650]
133487140  lamp1b; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1b [KO:K06528]
133487191  [KO:K26797]
133487385  akt1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
133487582  atg14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
133487624  raf1a; raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase a isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
133487719  hif1ab; hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha b [KO:K08268]
133487832  c9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange factor C9orf72 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23609]
133487845  eif2ak4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 isoform X1 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
133487978  [KO:K17603]
133487986  atg9a; autophagy-related protein 9A isoform X1 [KO:K17907]
133488015  [KO:K17906]
133488043  [KO:K11248]
133488081  vps39; vam6/Vps39-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K20183]
133488227  ctsl.1; cathepsin L.1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
133488278  eif2ak3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
133488429  [KO:K02649]
133488470  bcl2b; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
133488544  atg9b; autophagy-related protein 9B [KO:K17907]
133488610  rheb; GTP-binding protein Rheb isoform X1 [KO:K07208]
133488628  pik3r2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
133488641  atg10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 [KO:K17888]
133488650  [KO:K07901]
133488658  stk11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform X1 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
133488681  [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
133488698  gorasp1a; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1a isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
133488854  prkacbb; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, beta b isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
133488890  rb1cc1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 [KO:K17589]
133489058  gorasp2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
133489396  dapk3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
133489786  [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
133489883  wdr41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 isoform X1 [KO:K23610]
133489944  wdr45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 [KO:K22991]
133490034  prkaa1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
133490054  tsc1b; TSC complex subunit 1b isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
133490070  ulk1b; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
133490095  pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
133490180  atg13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
133490325  mapk10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
ptao04010  MAPK signaling pathway
ptao04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
ptao04142  Lysosome
ptao04150  mTOR signaling pathway
ptao04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   

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