Entry Name Toll-like receptor signaling pathway - Anas platyrhynchos (mallard)
Description Specific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors identified as homologs of Toll in Drosophila. Mammalian TLRs are expressed on innate immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, and respond to the membrane components of Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. Pathogen recognition by TLRs provokes rapid activation of innate immunity by inducing production of proinflammatory cytokines and upregulation of costimulatory molecules. TLR signaling pathways are separated into two groups: a MyD88-dependent pathway that leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines with quick activation of NF-{kappa}B and MAPK, and a MyD88-independent pathway associated with the induction of IFN-beta and IFN-inducible genes, and maturation of dendritic cells with slow activation of NF-{kappa}B and MAPK.
Class Organismal Systems; Immune systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map apla04620 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
Organism Anas platyrhynchos (mallard) [GN:
apla ]
Gene 101790309 TAB2; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04404 ]
101791037 MAP2K1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368 ] [EC:2.7.12.2 ]
101793419 CD40; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 [KO:K03160 ]
101793675 TAB1; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1 [KO:K04403 ]
101794331 CD86; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 isoform X1 [KO:K05413 ]
101795022 STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta isoform X1 [KO:K11220 ]
101796183 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101797621 MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 [KO:K04729 ]
101799717 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K02649 ]
101800153 IKBKE; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon [KO:K07211 ] [EC:2.7.11.10 ]
101800211 IL12B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interleukin-12 subunit beta [KO:K05425 ]
101800900 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101801980 RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X3 [KO:K04392 ]
101802796 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101803371 MAP2K3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 [KO:K04432 ] [EC:2.7.12.2 ]
101803461 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
119714613 STAT2; signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 [KO:K11221 ]
Reference Authors Kawai T, Akira S.
Title TLR signaling.
Journal Reference Authors O'Neill LA, Bowie AG.
Title The family of five: TIR-domain-containing adaptors in Toll-like receptor signalling.
Journal Reference Authors Honda K, Taniguchi T.
Title IRFs: master regulators of signalling by Toll-like receptors and cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors.
Journal Reference Authors Uematsu S, Akira S.
Title Toll-like receptors and Type I interferons.
Journal Reference Authors Akira S, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O.
Title Pathogen recognition and innate immunity.
Journal Reference Authors Yamamoto M, Takeda K, Akira S.
Title TIR domain-containing adaptors define the specificity of TLR signaling.
Journal Reference Authors Means TK, Hayashi F, Smith KD, Aderem A, Luster AD.
Title The Toll-like receptor 5 stimulus bacterial flagellin induces maturation and chemokine production in human dendritic cells.
Journal Reference Authors Aderem A, Smith KD.
Title A systems approach to dissecting immunity and inflammation.
Journal Reference Authors Banerjee A, Gerondakis S.
Title Coordinating TLR-activated signaling pathways in cells of the immune system.
Journal Reference Authors Loniewski KJ, Patial S, Parameswaran N.
Title Sensitivity of TLR4- and -7-induced NF kappa B1 p105-TPL2-ERK pathway to TNF-receptor-associated-factor-6 revealed by RNAi in mouse macrophages.
Journal Reference Authors Arbibe L, Mira JP, Teusch N, Kline L, Guha M, Mackman N, Godowski PJ, Ulevitch RJ, Knaus UG.
Title Toll-like receptor 2-mediated NF-kappa B activation requires a Rac1-dependent pathway.
Journal Reference Authors Uematsu S, Akira S.
Title Toll-like receptors and innate immunity.
Journal Related apla04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
KO pathway
