KEGG   PATHWAY: mdo04724
Entry
mdo04724                    Pathway                                
Name
Glutamatergic synapse - Monodelphis domestica (gray short-tailed opossum)
Description
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system(CNS). Glutamate is packaged into synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal. Once released into the synaptic cleft, glutamate acts on postsynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) to mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission. Glutamate can also act on metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and exert a variety of modulatory effects through their coupling to G proteins and the subsequent recruitment of second messenger systems. Presynaptically localized Group II and Group III mGluRs are thought to represent the classical inhibitory autoreceptor mechanism that suppresses excess glutamate release. After its action on these receptors, glutamate can be removed from the synaptic cleft by EAATs located either on the presynaptic terminal, neighboring glial cells, or the postsynaptic neuron. In glia, glutamate is converted to glutamine, which is then transported back to the presynaptic terminal and converted back to glutamate.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
mdo04724  Glutamatergic synapse
mdo04724

Other DBs
GO: 0051966
Organism
Monodelphis domestica (gray short-tailed opossum) [GN:mdo]
Gene
100009769  PLD1; phospholipase D1 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
100009808  PLA2G4E; phospholipase A2 group IVE [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
100009844  GRK3; G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3 [KO:K00910] [EC:2.7.11.15]
100009860  SLC1A2; solute carrier family 1 member 2 [KO:K05613]
100009917  GRM5; glutamate metabotropic receptor 5 [KO:K04604]
100010184  [KO:K04347]
100010212  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
100010352  HOMER2; homer scaffolding protein 2 [KO:K15010]
100010452  GNG3; G protein subunit gamma 3 [KO:K04540]
100010736  GNB1; G protein subunit beta 1 [KO:K04536]
100011015  GNG5; G protein subunit gamma 5 [KO:K04542]
100011077  PPP3CB; protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
100011211  PRKACB; protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100011605  GNAQ; G protein subunit alpha q [KO:K04634]
100012047  SLC1A6; solute carrier family 1 member 6 [KO:K05617]
100012355  DLGAP1; DLG associated protein 1 [KO:K15008]
100012410  GRM3; glutamate metabotropic receptor 3 [KO:K04606]
100012431  SHANK3; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 [KO:K15009]
100012916  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100013052  GNAI1; G protein subunit alpha i1 [KO:K04630]
100013164  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100013305  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
100013346  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100013546  GNB4; G protein subunit beta 4 [KO:K04538]
100013595  GRM7; glutamate metabotropic receptor 7 [KO:K04609]
100013759  GNB3; G protein subunit beta 3 [KO:K07825]
100013823  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100013831  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100014205  GRM8; glutamate metabotropic receptor 8 [KO:K04610]
100014450  CACNA1D; calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 D [KO:K04851]
100014533  SLC1A3; solute carrier family 1 member 3 [KO:K05614]
100014566  KCNJ3; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 3 [KO:K04997]
100014687  GNG7; G protein subunit gamma 7 [KO:K04543]
100014691  SLC1A1; solute carrier family 1 member 1 [KO:K05612]
100014900  PPP3CA; protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
100015137  GNAO1; G protein subunit alpha o1 [KO:K04534]
100016655  DLG4; discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4 [KO:K11828]
100016861  HOMER3; homer scaffolding protein 3 [KO:K15010]
100016914  GNG12; G protein subunit gamma 12 [KO:K04347]
100016961  GNG8; G protein subunit gamma 8 [KO:K04544]
100017355  GRIN2B; glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B [KO:K05210]
100017392  GNB2; G protein subunit beta 2 [KO:K04537]
100017439  GNG13; G protein subunit gamma 13 [KO:K04547]
100017699  SLC1A7; solute carrier family 1 member 7 [KO:K05618]
100017907  GLUL; glutamate-ammonia ligase [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
100018189  GNG10; G protein subunit gamma 10 [KO:K04545]
100018255  GRIN2A; glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A [KO:K05209]
100018484  GRM6; glutamate metabotropic receptor 6 [KO:K04608]
100018655  GRIK1; glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 1 [KO:K05201]
100018838  GNGT2; G protein subunit gamma transducin 2 [KO:K04549]
100019274  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100019451  SLC17A8; solute carrier family 17 member 8 [KO:K12302]
100019524  TRPC1; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 1 [KO:K04964]
100019786  GRIK5; glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 5 [KO:K05205]
100020889  GRIK2; glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 2 [KO:K05202]
100021108  CACNA1A; calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 A [KO:K04344]
100021132  GNG4; G protein subunit gamma 4 [KO:K04541]
100021421  CACNA1C; calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C [KO:K04850]
100021523  GNAS; GNAS complex locus [KO:K04632]
100021586  GLS; glutaminase [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
100022741  GRIN3B; glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 3B [KO:K05214]
100022944  GRIN3A; glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 3A [KO:K05213]
100023252  SLC38A2; solute carrier family 38 member 2 [KO:K14207]
100023485  GRIN1; glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1 [KO:K05208]
100023645  GRIA2; glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2 [KO:K05198]
100024307  GLS2; glutaminase 2 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
100024674  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100024859  PLA2G4A; phospholipase A2 group IVA [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
100025332  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100025596  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
100026554  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100026724  GRM1; glutamate metabotropic receptor 1 [KO:K04603]
100026769  LZTS3; leucine zipper tumor suppressor family member 3 [KO:K26472]
100026861  PRKACA; protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100027109  GRIA4; glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 4 [KO:K05200]
100027811  GRM4; glutamate metabotropic receptor 4 [KO:K04607]
100028018  GRIN2C; glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2C [KO:K05211]
100028096  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100028460  SLC38A3; solute carrier family 38 member 3 [KO:K13576]
100029582  [KO:K04632]
100029673  GRIA1; glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1 [KO:K05197]
100029983  PLA2G4C; phospholipase A2 group IVC [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
100029998  [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
100030019  GRIA3; glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 3 [KO:K05199]
100030037  [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
100030095  GNAI3; G protein subunit alpha i3 [KO:K04630]
100030463  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100030869  GRIK4; glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 4 [KO:K05204]
100030872  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100031263  PLCB3; phospholipase C beta 3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100031301  NCDN; neurochondrin [KO:K27819]
100031383  GNB5; G protein subunit beta 5 [KO:K04539]
100031657  GRIK3; glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 3 [KO:K05203]
100031660  PLCB1; phospholipase C beta 1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100031869  PLCB2; phospholipase C beta 2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100031879  SHANK2; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 2 [KO:K15009]
100032298  [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100032598  HOMER1; homer scaffolding protein 1 [KO:K15010]
100032986  GNAI2; G protein subunit alpha i2 [KO:K04630]
100033038  GRIN2D; glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2D [KO:K05212]
100033104  PPP3CC; protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit gamma [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
100033281  PLCB4; phospholipase C beta 4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100033302  PPP3R1; protein phosphatase 3 regulatory subunit B, alpha [KO:K06268]
100618309  PLD2; phospholipase D2 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
100618682  SLC17A6; solute carrier family 17 member 6 [KO:K12302]
100620032  PLA2G4D; phospholipase A2 group IVD [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
103095126  SLC38A1; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K14990]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
Reference
PMID:20055706
  Authors
Niswender CM, Conn PJ
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate receptors: physiology, pharmacology, and disease.
  Journal
Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 50:295-322 (2010)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.011008.145533
Reference
PMID:19112153
  Authors
Ferraguti F, Crepaldi L, Nicoletti F
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate 1 receptor: current concepts and perspectives.
  Journal
Pharmacol Rev 60:536-81 (2008)
DOI:10.1124/pr.108.000166
Reference
PMID:11672421
  Authors
Hermans E, Challiss RA
  Title
Structural, signalling and regulatory properties of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors: prototypic family C G-protein-coupled receptors.
  Journal
Biochem J 359:465-84 (2001)
DOI:10.1042/bj3590465
Reference
PMID:17663464
  Authors
Kim CH, Lee J, Lee JY, Roche KW
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate receptors: phosphorylation and receptor signaling.
  Journal
J Neurosci Res 86:1-10 (2008)
DOI:10.1002/jnr.21437
Reference
PMID:14684436
  Authors
Meador-Woodruff JH, Clinton SM, Beneyto M, McCullumsmith RE
  Title
Molecular abnormalities of the glutamate synapse in the thalamus in schizophrenia.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1003:75-93 (2003)
DOI:10.1196/annals.1300.005
Reference
PMID:18425072
  Authors
Sanacora G, Zarate CA, Krystal JH, Manji HK
  Title
Targeting the glutamatergic system to develop novel, improved therapeutics for mood disorders.
  Journal
Nat Rev Drug Discov 7:426-37 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrd2462
Reference
PMID:17706608
  Authors
Gass JT, Olive MF
  Title
Glutamatergic substrates of drug addiction and alcoholism.
  Journal
Biochem Pharmacol 75:218-65 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.06.039
Reference
PMID:9665875
  Authors
Palmada M, Centelles JJ
  Title
Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission. Pathways for metabolism, storage and reuptake of glutamate in brain.
  Journal
Front Biosci 3:d701-18 (1998)
DOI:10.2741/a314
Reference
PMID:11561058
  Authors
Schoepp DD
  Title
Unveiling the functions of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors in the central nervous system.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Exp Ther 299:12-20 (2001)
Reference
PMID:19559598
  Authors
de Jong AP, Verhage M
  Title
Presynaptic signal transduction pathways that modulate synaptic transmission.
  Journal
Curr Opin Neurobiol 19:245-53 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.conb.2009.06.005
Reference
PMID:18464791
  Authors
Pinheiro PS, Mulle C
  Title
Presynaptic glutamate receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of action.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 9:423-36 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrn2379
Reference
PMID:19110202
  Authors
Byrnes KR, Loane DJ, Faden AI
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate receptors as targets for multipotential treatment of neurological disorders.
  Journal
Neurotherapeutics 6:94-107 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.nurt.2008.10.038
Reference
PMID:10481192
  Authors
Conti F, Weinberg RJ
  Title
Shaping excitation at glutamatergic synapses.
  Journal
Trends Neurosci 22:451-8 (1999)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-2236(99)01445-9
Reference
PMID:12399578
  Authors
Sheng M, Kim MJ
  Title
Postsynaptic signaling and plasticity mechanisms.
  Journal
Science 298:776-80 (2002)
DOI:10.1126/science.1075333
Related
pathway
mdo00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
mdo04020  Calcium signaling pathway
mdo04720  Long-term potentiation
mdo04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
mdo04730  Long-term depression
KO pathway
ko04724   

DBGET integrated database retrieval system