KEGG   PATHWAY: mmu04974
Entry
mmu04974                    Pathway                                
Name
Protein digestion and absorption - Mus musculus (house mouse)
Description
Protein is a dietary component essential for nutritional homeostasis in humans. Normally, ingested protein undergoes a complex series of degradative processes following the action of gastric, pancreatic and small intestinal enzymes. The result of this proteolytic activity is a mixture of amino acids and small peptides. Amino acids (AAs) are transported into the enterocyte (intestinal epithelial cell) by a variety of AA transporters that are specific for cationic (basic) AA, neutral AA, and anionic (acidic) AA. Small peptides are absorbed into enterocytes by the PEPT1 transporter. Inside enterocytes peptides are hydrolyzed, and the resulting amino acids are released together with those absorbed by AA transporters into blood via multiple, basolateral, AA transporters. Hydrolysis-resistant peptides, however, are transported out of the cells by a basolateral peptide transporter that has not been identified molecularly.
Class
Organismal Systems; Digestive system
Pathway map
mmu04974  Protein digestion and absorption
mmu04974

Other DBs
GO: 0044256 0050892
Organism
Mus musculus (house mouse) [GN:mmu]
Gene
100040208  Gm2663; predicted gene 2663 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
100040233  Prss3l; serine protease 3 like [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
100040591  Kcnj13; potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 13 [KO:K05006]
103964  Try5; trypsin 5 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
105243  Slc9a3; solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3 [KO:K12040]
107581  Col16a1; collagen, type XVI, alpha 1 [KO:K24339]
109660  Ctrl; chymotrypsin-like [KO:K09632] [EC:3.4.21.-]
109697  Cpa1; carboxypeptidase A1, pancreatic [KO:K08779] [EC:3.4.17.1]
110891  Slc8a2; solute carrier family 8 (sodium/calcium exchanger), member 2 [KO:K05849]
110893  Slc8a3; solute carrier family 8 (sodium/calcium exchanger), member 3 [KO:K05849]
114228  Prss1; serine protease 1 (trypsin 1) [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
11928  Atp1a1; ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 1 polypeptide [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
11931  Atp1b1; ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, beta 1 polypeptide [KO:K01540]
11932  Atp1b2; ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, beta 2 polypeptide [KO:K01540]
11933  Atp1b3; ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, beta 3 polypeptide [KO:K01540]
11936  Fxyd2; FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 2 [KO:K01538]
12813  Col10a1; collagen, type X, alpha 1 [KO:K19479]
12814  Col11a1; collagen, type XI, alpha 1 [KO:K19721]
12815  Col11a2; collagen, type XI, alpha 2 [KO:K19721]
12816  Col12a1; collagen, type XII, alpha 1 [KO:K08132]
12817  Col13a1; collagen, type XIII, alpha 1 [KO:K16617]
12818  Col14a1; collagen, type XIV, alpha 1 [KO:K08133]
12819  Col15a1; collagen, type XV, alpha 1 [KO:K08135]
12821  Col17a1; collagen, type XVII, alpha 1 [KO:K07603]
12822  Col18a1; collagen, type XVIII, alpha 1 [KO:K06823]
12823  Col19a1; collagen, type XIX, alpha 1 [KO:K24340]
12824  Col2a1; collagen, type II, alpha 1 [KO:K19719]
12825  Col3a1; collagen, type III, alpha 1 [KO:K19720]
12826  Col4a1; collagen, type IV, alpha 1 [KO:K06237]
12827  Col4a2; collagen, type IV, alpha 2 [KO:K06237]
12828  Col4a3; collagen, type IV, alpha 3 [KO:K06237]
12829  Col4a4; collagen, type IV, alpha 4 [KO:K06237]
12830  Col4a5; collagen, type IV, alpha 5 [KO:K06237]
12831  Col5a1; collagen, type V, alpha 1 [KO:K19721]
12832  Col5a2; collagen, type V, alpha 2 [KO:K19721]
12833  Col6a1; collagen, type VI, alpha 1 [KO:K06238]
12834  Col6a2; collagen, type VI, alpha 2 [KO:K06238]
12835  Col6a3; collagen, type VI, alpha 3 [KO:K06238]
12836  Col7a1; collagen, type VII, alpha 1 [KO:K16628]
12837  Col8a1; collagen, type VIII, alpha 1 [KO:K23455]
12839  Col9a1; collagen, type IX, alpha 1 [KO:K08131]
12840  Col9a2; collagen, type IX, alpha 2 [KO:K08131]
12841  Col9a3; collagen, type IX, alpha 3 [KO:K08131]
12842  Col1a1; collagen, type I, alpha 1 [KO:K06236]
12843  Col1a2; collagen, type I, alpha 2 [KO:K06236]
12873  Cpa3; carboxypeptidase A3, mast cell [KO:K08780] [EC:3.4.17.1]
13482  Dpp4; dipeptidylpeptidase 4 [KO:K01278] [EC:3.4.14.5]
13706  Cela2a; chymotrypsin-like elastase family, member 2A [KO:K01346] [EC:3.4.21.71]
13717  Eln; elastin [KO:K14211]
140709  Col26a1; collagen, type XXVI, alpha 1 [KO:K24358]
16529  Kcnk5; potassium channel, subfamily K, member 5 [KO:K04916]
16534  Kcnn4; potassium intermediate/small conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily N, member 4 [KO:K04945]
16535  Kcnq1; potassium voltage-gated channel, subfamily Q, member 1 [KO:K04926]
170745  Xpnpep2; X-prolyl aminopeptidase (aminopeptidase P) 2, membrane-bound [KO:K14208] [EC:3.4.11.9]
17254  Slc3a2; solute carrier family 3 (activators of dibasic and neutral amino acid transport), member 2 [KO:K06519]
17287  Mep1a; meprin 1 alpha [KO:K01395] [EC:3.4.24.18]
17288  Mep1b; meprin 1 beta [KO:K08606] [EC:3.4.24.63]
17380  Mme; membrane metallo endopeptidase [KO:K01389] [EC:3.4.24.11]
20510  Slc1a1; solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 [KO:K05612]
20514  Slc1a5; solute carrier family 1 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 5 [KO:K05616]
20532  Slc3a1; solute carrier family 3, member 1 [KO:K14210]
20540  Slc7a7; solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 7 [KO:K13867]
20541  Slc8a1; solute carrier family 8 (sodium/calcium exchanger), member 1 [KO:K05849]
213945  Col28a1; collagen, type XXVIII, alpha 1 [KO:K23619]
215332  Slc36a3; solute carrier family 36 (proton/amino acid symporter), member 3 [KO:K14209]
215335  Slc36a1; solute carrier family 36 (proton/amino acid symporter), member 1 [KO:K14209]
22072  Prss2; serine protease 2 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
22073  Prss3; serine protease 3 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
22074  Try4; trypsin 4 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
232680  Cpa2; carboxypeptidase A2, pancreatic [KO:K01298] [EC:3.4.17.15]
232975  Atp1a3; ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 3 polypeptide [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
234967  Slc36a4; solute carrier family 36 (proton/amino acid symporter), member 4 [KO:K14209]
237759  Col23a1; collagen, type XXIII, alpha 1 [KO:K24355]
242711  Cela3a; chymotrypsin-like elastase family, member 3A [KO:K01345] [EC:3.4.21.70]
245026  Col6a6; collagen, type VI, alpha 6 [KO:K06238]
246049  Slc36a2; solute carrier family 36 (proton/amino acid symporter), member 2 [KO:K14209]
27222  Atp1a4; ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 4 polypeptide [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
30962  Slc7a9; solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 9 [KO:K13868]
328059  Slc7a15; solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 15 [KO:K13868]
329941  Col8a2; collagen, type VIII, alpha 2 [KO:K23455]
373864  Col27a1; collagen, type XXVII, alpha 1 [KO:K19721]
436522  Try10; trypsin 10 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
436523  Prss1l; serine protease 1 (trypsin 1) like [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
50934  Slc7a8; solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 8 [KO:K13781]
53867  Col5a3; collagen, type V, alpha 3 [KO:K19721]
56373  Cpb2; carboxypeptidase B2 [KO:K01300] [EC:3.4.17.20]
56643  Slc15a1; solute carrier family 15 (oligopeptide transporter), member 1 [KO:K14206]
57442  Kcne3; potassium voltage-gated channel, Isk-related subfamily, gene 3 [KO:K04897]
58803  Pga5; pepsinogen 5, group I [KO:K06002] [EC:3.4.23.1]
66473  Ctrb1; chymotrypsinogen B1 [KO:K01310] [EC:3.4.21.1]
665033  Col6a5; collagen, type VI, alpha 5 [KO:K06238]
67373  Prss3b; serine protease 3B [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
67760  Slc38a2; solute carrier family 38, member 2 [KO:K14207]
67821  Atp1b4; ATPase Na+/K+ transporting, beta 4 polypeptide [KO:K01540]
67868  Cela3b; chymotrypsin-like elastase family, member 3B [KO:K01345] [EC:3.4.21.70]
68553  Col6a4; collagen, type VI, alpha 4 [KO:K06238]
69700  Col22a1; collagen, type XXII, alpha 1 [KO:K16630]
70008  Ace2; angiotensin converting enzyme 2 [KO:K09708] [EC:3.4.17.23]
71355  Col24a1; collagen, type XXIV, alpha 1 [KO:K19721]
72461  Prcp; prolylcarboxypeptidase (angiotensinase C) [KO:K01285] [EC:3.4.16.2]
72472  Slc16a10; solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 10 [KO:K08187]
73368  Col20a1; collagen, type XX, alpha 1 [KO:K24357]
73626  1810009J06Rik; RIKEN cDNA 1810009J06 gene [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
74338  Slc6a19; solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter), member 19 [KO:K05334]
76703  Cpb1; carboxypeptidase B1 [KO:K01291] [EC:3.4.17.2]
77018  Col25a1; collagen, type XXV, alpha 1 [KO:K24356]
94216  Col4a6; collagen, type IV, alpha 6 [KO:K06237]
98660  Atp1a2; ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 2 polypeptide [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00033  Acetate
C00037  Glycine
C00041  L-Alanine
C00047  L-Lysine
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00062  L-Arginine
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00065  L-Serine
C00073  L-Methionine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00079  L-Phenylalanine
C00080  H+
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00099  beta-Alanine
C00123  L-Leucine
C00134  Putrescine
C00135  L-Histidine
C00146  Phenol
C00148  L-Proline
C00152  L-Asparagine
C00163  Propanoate
C00183  L-Valine
C00188  L-Threonine
C00238  Potassium cation
C00246  Butanoic acid
C00282  Hydrogen
C00388  Histamine
C00407  L-Isoleucine
C00463  Indole
C00483  Tyramine
C00491  L-Cystine
C01327  Hydrochloric acid
C01330  Sodium cation
C01438  Methane
C01468  4-Cresol
C01672  Cadaverine
C01746  Piperidine
C02632  2-Methylpropanoate
C05996  Branched chain fatty acid
C08262  3-Methylbutanoic acid
C16138  L-Pyrrolysine
C18319  2-Methylbutyrate
Reference
PMID:18195088
  Authors
Broer S
  Title
Amino acid transport across mammalian intestinal and renal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:249-86 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00018.2006
Reference
PMID:15772300
  Authors
Palacin M, Nunes V, Font-Llitjos M, Jimenez-Vidal M, Fort J, Gasol E, Pineda M, Feliubadalo L, Chillaron J, Zorzano A
  Title
The genetics of heteromeric amino acid transporters.
  Journal
Physiology (Bethesda) 20:112-24 (2005)
DOI:10.1152/physiol.00051.2004
Reference
PMID:20522896
  Authors
Goodman BE
  Title
Insights into digestion and absorption of major nutrients in humans.
  Journal
Adv Physiol Educ 34:44-53 (2010)
DOI:10.1152/advan.00094.2009
Reference
PMID:11546643
  Authors
Wagner CA, Lang F, Broer S
  Title
Function and structure of heterodimeric amino acid transporters.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 281:C1077-93 (2001)
DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.2001.281.4.C1077
Reference
PMID:18400692
  Authors
Broer S
  Title
Apical transporters for neutral amino acids: physiology and pathophysiology.
  Journal
Physiology (Bethesda) 23:95-103 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physiol.00045.2007
Reference
PMID:9687539
  Authors
Wu G
  Title
Intestinal mucosal amino acid catabolism.
  Journal
J Nutr 128:1249-52 (1998)
DOI:10.1093/jn/128.8.1249
Reference
PMID:14977407
  Authors
Daniel H
  Title
Molecular and integrative physiology of intestinal peptide transport.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 66:361-84 (2004)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.66.032102.144149
Reference
PMID:12237156
  Authors
Rubio-Aliaga I, Daniel H
  Title
Mammalian peptide transporters as targets for drug delivery.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 23:434-40 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0165-6147(02)02072-2
Reference
PMID:7937532
  Authors
Bai JP
  Title
Distribution of brush-border membrane peptidases along the rat intestine.
  Journal
Pharm Res 11:897-900 (1994)
DOI:10.1023/a:1018946228432
Reference
PMID:12583961
  Authors
Guarner F, Malagelada JR
  Title
Gut flora in health and disease.
  Journal
Lancet 361:512-9 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12489-0
Reference
PMID:16887608
  Authors
Smith EA, Macfarlane GT
  Title
Dissimilatory amino Acid metabolism in human colonic bacteria.
  Journal
Anaerobe 3:327-37 (1997)
DOI:10.1006/anae.1997.0121
Reference
PMID:20093818
  Authors
Schepers E, Glorieux G, Vanholder R
  Title
The gut: the forgotten organ in uremia?
  Journal
Blood Purif 29:130-6 (2010)
DOI:10.1159/000245639
Reference
  Authors
John H.Cummings
  Title
The large intestine in nutrition and disease
  Journal
Institut Danone
Reference
PMID:18626068
  Authors
Heitzmann D, Warth R
  Title
Physiology and pathophysiology of potassium channels in gastrointestinal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:1119-82 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00020.2007
Related
pathway
mmu00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
mmu04530  Tight junction
mmu04971  Gastric acid secretion
mmu04972  Pancreatic secretion
KO pathway
ko04974   

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