KEGG   PATHWAY: padl04140
Entry
padl04140                   Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Pygoscelis adeliae (Adelie penguin)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
padl04140  Autophagy - animal
padl04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Pygoscelis adeliae (Adelie penguin) [GN:padl]
Gene
103912199  RAB8A; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
103912390  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A isoform X1 [KO:K10435]
103912402  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103912689  STX7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
103912706  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X1 [KO:K17890]
103912786  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K17603]
103912843  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein [KO:K20183]
103912861  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
103913174  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
103913274  CTSB; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
103913332  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
103913361  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
103913386  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
103913578  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 [KO:K17908]
103913621  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
103913739  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103913922  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103913928  ERN2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE2 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
103914348  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
103914372  EIF2AK4; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 4 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103914394  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
103914558  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
103914570  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
103914582  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
103914586  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103914738  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog [KO:K20184]
103914812  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
103914830  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103914938  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein [KO:K20402]
103914966  PIK3CA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
103915008  OPTN; optineurin isoform X1 [KO:K19946]
103915063  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type isoform X1 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
103915185  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein [KO:K21249]
103915210  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103915217  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 [KO:K08337]
103915274  TSC1; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
103915640  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
103915677  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B [KO:K17906]
103915750  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 isoform X1 [KO:K14381]
103915758  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103915849  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
103915950  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
103915998  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
103916037  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog [KO:K23883]
103916105  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
103916212  [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103916411  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]
103916453  HRAS; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
103916484  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
103916518  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
103916573  KIAA0226; run domain Beclin-1 interacting and cysteine-rich containing protein [KO:K19330]
103916599  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
103916657  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
103916713  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908]
103916825  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 [KO:K21248]
103916836  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103917146  [KO:K16185]
103917211  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08341]
103917403  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204]
103917669  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]
103917733  STX17; syntaxin-17 isoform X1 [KO:K08491]
103917831  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
103917840  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
103917904  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
103917969  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
103918043  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103918133  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator [KO:K12650]
103918169  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
103918403  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
103918495  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 [KO:K21246]
103918603  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103918627  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
103918890  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
103919019  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991]
103919109  BECN1; beclin-1 [KO:K08334]
103919124  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
103919164  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
103919208  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
103919231  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
103919318  [KO:K20402]
103919617  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
103919717  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
103919760  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 [KO:K23610]
103919790  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b [KO:K07898]
103919900  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K22262]
103919972  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
103919989  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103920067  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
103920085  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 isoform X1 [KO:K10802]
103920154  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K07187]
103920219  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
103920222  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
103920235  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08339]
103920403  CTSL; cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
103920451  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103920461  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
103920685  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
103920695  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
103920784  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103920796  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
103920828  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
103920977  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
103921045  [KO:K23609]
103921410  TSC2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
103921425  SMCR8; smith-Magenis syndrome chromosomal region candidate gene 8 protein [KO:K23611]
103921472  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
103921676  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
103921714  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
103921736  AMBRA1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 [KO:K17985]
103921903  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
103921918  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 [KO:K08266]
103921995  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103922071  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21348]
103922195  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
103922421  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
103922482  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
103922585  MAPK1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103922593  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
103922681  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 [KO:K06528]
103922846  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
103922944  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103922990  [KO:K10435]
103923015  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103923250  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
103923407  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
103923428  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 [KO:K17888]
103923526  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103923578  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
103923641  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
103923652  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 [KO:K17589]
103923806  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
103924259  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268]
103924277  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
103924322  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
103924554  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D [KO:K16186]
103925204  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 [KO:K11248]
103925217  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
103926095  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
103926435  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
padl04010  MAPK signaling pathway
padl04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
padl04142  Lysosome
padl04150  mTOR signaling pathway
padl04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   

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