KEGG   PATHWAY: biu04724
Entry
biu04724                    Pathway                                
Name
Glutamatergic synapse - Bos indicus (zebu cattle)
Description
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system(CNS). Glutamate is packaged into synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal. Once released into the synaptic cleft, glutamate acts on postsynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) to mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission. Glutamate can also act on metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and exert a variety of modulatory effects through their coupling to G proteins and the subsequent recruitment of second messenger systems. Presynaptically localized Group II and Group III mGluRs are thought to represent the classical inhibitory autoreceptor mechanism that suppresses excess glutamate release. After its action on these receptors, glutamate can be removed from the synaptic cleft by EAATs located either on the presynaptic terminal, neighboring glial cells, or the postsynaptic neuron. In glia, glutamate is converted to glutamine, which is then transported back to the presynaptic terminal and converted back to glutamate.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
biu04724  Glutamatergic synapse
biu04724

Other DBs
GO: 0051966
Organism
Bos indicus (zebu cattle) [GN:biu]
Gene
109559189  SLC38A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K14990]
109559188  SLC38A2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14207]
109559352  GLS2; glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
109568723  GLS; glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
109572101  SLC17A7; vesicular glutamate transporter 1 [KO:K12302]
109554210  SLC17A6; vesicular glutamate transporter 2 [KO:K12302]
109559427  SLC17A8; vesicular glutamate transporter 3 [KO:K12302]
109556329  GRIK1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1 [KO:K05201]
109563879  GRIK2; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2 [KO:K05202]
109556494  GRIK3; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3 [KO:K05203]
109568809  GRIK4; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4 [KO:K05204]
109572995  GRIK5; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5 isoform X1 [KO:K05205]
109562229  GRIA1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor 1 [KO:K05197]
109571560  GRIA2; glutamate receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05198]
109555352  GRIA3; glutamate receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05199]
109568760  GRIA4; glutamate receptor 4 [KO:K05200]
109578088  GRIN2A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A [KO:K05209]
109559635  GRIN2B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B [KO:K05210]
109573357  GRIN2C; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C [KO:K05211]
109571774  GRIN2D; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D [KO:K05212]
109563305  GRIN3A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A [KO:K05213]
109561061  GRIN3B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B [KO:K05214]
109563107  PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
109553732  PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
109560300  PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
109566227  PPP3R1; calcineurin subunit B type 1 [KO:K06268]
109563306  PPP3R2; calcineurin subunit B type 2 [KO:K06268]
109573932  DLG4; disks large homolog 4 isoform X1 [KO:K11828]
109577661  DLGAP1; disks large-associated protein 1 [KO:K15008]
109554568  SHANK2; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K15009]
109567200  LZTS3; leucine zipper putative tumor suppressor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K26472]
109563182  TRPC1; short transient receptor potential channel 1 [KO:K04964]
109563668  GRM1; metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04603]
109561389  HOMER3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: homer protein homolog 3 [KO:K15010]
109575451  HOMER2; homer protein homolog 2 [KO:K15010]
109564666  HOMER1; homer protein homolog 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15010]
109562978  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
109554384  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
109567852  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
109567854  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
109564927  PLCB2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
109573366  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
109578560  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
109572998  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
109576135  ITPR1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
109558547  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
109576552  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
109570696  PLA2G4A; cytosolic phospholipase A2 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
109564977  PLA2G4B; cytosolic phospholipase A2 beta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
109564980  PLA2G4E; cytosolic phospholipase A2 epsilon [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
109564981  PLA2G4D; cytosolic phospholipase A2 delta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
109564982  PLA2G4F; cytosolic phospholipase A2 zeta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
109574235  PLD2; phospholipase D2 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
109558091  PLD1; phospholipase D1 isoform X1 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
109578667  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109570973  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109567291  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas-like [KO:K04632]
109567292  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 [KO:K04632]
109557525  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
109574822  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
109566330  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
109564199  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
109555842  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
109559159  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X1 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
109572478  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
109568647  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
109578364  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 isoform X1 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
109556827  PRKACB; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
109561498  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
109575969  GRM2; metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04605]
109557324  GRM3; metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 [KO:K04606]
109560801  GRM6; metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 [KO:K04608]
109575846  metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 [KO:K04609]
109575847  uncharacterized protein LOC109575847 [KO:K04609]
109557591  GRM8; metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 [KO:K04610]
109557337  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
109576257  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
109555970  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
109572786  GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534]
109570386  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
109578415  GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
109558919  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K07825]
109557856  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
109565125  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539]
109554309  GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
109553666  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
109556134  GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
109561787  GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
109573005  GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544]
109558211  GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
109556958  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
109561546  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uncharacterized LOC105372280 homolog [KO:K04347]
109556175  GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
109578787  GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
109558062  GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548]
109574071  GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
109571286  GRK3; beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K00910] [EC:2.7.11.15]
109554452  GRK2; beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 [KO:K00910] [EC:2.7.11.15]
109567564  KCNJ3; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 [KO:K04997]
109560900  CACNA1A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A [KO:K04344]
109569793  SLC1A2; excitatory amino acid transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05613]
109556282  SLC1A7; excitatory amino acid transporter 5 [KO:K05618]
109562910  SLC1A1; excitatory amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K05612]
109558615  CACNA1C; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C [KO:K04850]
109576190  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851]
109574927  SLC1A3; excitatory amino acid transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05614]
109570357  GLUL; glutamine synthetase [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
109576399  SLC38A3; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K13576]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
Reference
PMID:20055706
  Authors
Niswender CM, Conn PJ
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate receptors: physiology, pharmacology, and disease.
  Journal
Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 50:295-322 (2010)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.011008.145533
Reference
PMID:19112153
  Authors
Ferraguti F, Crepaldi L, Nicoletti F
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate 1 receptor: current concepts and perspectives.
  Journal
Pharmacol Rev 60:536-81 (2008)
DOI:10.1124/pr.108.000166
Reference
PMID:11672421
  Authors
Hermans E, Challiss RA
  Title
Structural, signalling and regulatory properties of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors: prototypic family C G-protein-coupled receptors.
  Journal
Biochem J 359:465-84 (2001)
DOI:10.1042/bj3590465
Reference
PMID:17663464
  Authors
Kim CH, Lee J, Lee JY, Roche KW
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate receptors: phosphorylation and receptor signaling.
  Journal
J Neurosci Res 86:1-10 (2008)
DOI:10.1002/jnr.21437
Reference
PMID:14684436
  Authors
Meador-Woodruff JH, Clinton SM, Beneyto M, McCullumsmith RE
  Title
Molecular abnormalities of the glutamate synapse in the thalamus in schizophrenia.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1003:75-93 (2003)
DOI:10.1196/annals.1300.005
Reference
PMID:18425072
  Authors
Sanacora G, Zarate CA, Krystal JH, Manji HK
  Title
Targeting the glutamatergic system to develop novel, improved therapeutics for mood disorders.
  Journal
Nat Rev Drug Discov 7:426-37 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrd2462
Reference
PMID:17706608
  Authors
Gass JT, Olive MF
  Title
Glutamatergic substrates of drug addiction and alcoholism.
  Journal
Biochem Pharmacol 75:218-65 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.06.039
Reference
PMID:9665875
  Authors
Palmada M, Centelles JJ
  Title
Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission. Pathways for metabolism, storage and reuptake of glutamate in brain.
  Journal
Front Biosci 3:d701-18 (1998)
DOI:10.2741/a314
Reference
PMID:11561058
  Authors
Schoepp DD
  Title
Unveiling the functions of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors in the central nervous system.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Exp Ther 299:12-20 (2001)
Reference
PMID:19559598
  Authors
de Jong AP, Verhage M
  Title
Presynaptic signal transduction pathways that modulate synaptic transmission.
  Journal
Curr Opin Neurobiol 19:245-53 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.conb.2009.06.005
Reference
PMID:18464791
  Authors
Pinheiro PS, Mulle C
  Title
Presynaptic glutamate receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of action.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 9:423-36 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrn2379
Reference
PMID:19110202
  Authors
Byrnes KR, Loane DJ, Faden AI
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate receptors as targets for multipotential treatment of neurological disorders.
  Journal
Neurotherapeutics 6:94-107 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.nurt.2008.10.038
Reference
PMID:10481192
  Authors
Conti F, Weinberg RJ
  Title
Shaping excitation at glutamatergic synapses.
  Journal
Trends Neurosci 22:451-8 (1999)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-2236(99)01445-9
Reference
PMID:12399578
  Authors
Sheng M, Kim MJ
  Title
Postsynaptic signaling and plasticity mechanisms.
  Journal
Science 298:776-80 (2002)
DOI:10.1126/science.1075333
Related
pathway
biu00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
biu04020  Calcium signaling pathway
biu04720  Long-term potentiation
biu04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
biu04730  Long-term depression
KO pathway
ko04724   
LinkDB

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