KEGG   PATHWAY: esp04261
Entry
esp04261                    Pathway                                
Name
Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes - Etheostoma spectabile (orangethroat darter)
Description
Cardiac myocytes express at least six subtypes of adrenergic receptor (AR) which include three subtypes of beta-AR (beta-1, beta-2, beta-3) and three subtypes of the alpha-1-AR (alpha-1A, alpha-1B, and alpha-1C). In the human heart the beta-1-AR is the pre- dominate receptor. Acute sympathetic stimulation of cardiac beta-1-ARs induces positive inotropic and chronotropic effects, the most effective mechanism to acutely increase output of the heart, by coupling to Gs, formation of cAMP by adenylyl cyclase (AC), and PKA- dependent phosphorylation of various target proteins (e.g., ryanodine receptor [RyR]; phospholamban [PLB], troponin I [TnI], and the L-type Ca2+ channel [LTCC]). Chronic beta-1-AR stimulation is detrimental and induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis. beta-2-AR coupled to Gs exerts a proapoptotic action as well as beta-1-AR, while beta-2-AR coupled to Gi exerts an antiapoptotic action.
Class
Organismal Systems; Circulatory system
Pathway map
esp04261  Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes
esp04261

Other DBs
GO: 0001997
Organism
Etheostoma spectabile (orangethroat darter) [GN:esp]
Gene
116671621  adrb1; beta-1 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04141]
116697150  beta-2 adrenergic receptor-like [KO:K04142]
116686749  beta-2 adrenergic receptor-like [KO:K04142]
116700756  beta-2 adrenergic receptor-like [KO:K04142]
116693014  gnas; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha [KO:K04632]
116688614  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04632]
116699106  adenylate cyclase type 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
116695549  adenylate cyclase type 1-like [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
116690645  adenylate cyclase type 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
116701410  adcy2; adenylate cyclase type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
116699442  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 3-like [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
116706561  adenylate cyclase type 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
116686433  adenylate cyclase type 3-like [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
116698375  adenylate cyclase type 5-like [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
116684799  adenylate cyclase type 5-like [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
116692318  adenylate cyclase type 6-like [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
116692820  adcy6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X1 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
116693865  adcy7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
116698871  adcy8; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
116705853  adenylate cyclase type 8-like isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
116706628  adenylate cyclase type 9-like isoform X1 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
116702848  adcy9; adenylate cyclase type 9 isoform X1 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
116698481  bves; blood vessel epicardial substance isoform X1 [KO:K21108]
116697662  popdc2; popeye domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K26206]
116698482  popdc3; popeye domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K26207]
116705913  kcnk2; potassium channel subfamily K member 2 [KO:K04913]
116692007  potassium channel subfamily K member 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K04913]
116698669  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
116695686  prkacb; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
116703683  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
116674133  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1-like [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
116674134  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
116674135  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
116674136  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1-like [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
116691204  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
116699713  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2-like [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
116673709  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-233-like [KO:K01540]
116678424  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3-like [KO:K01540]
116699780  atp1b3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540]
116700637  atp1b2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
116696072  atp1b1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540]
116696746  atp1b4; protein ATP1B4 [KO:K01540]
116690450  Na(+)/H(+) exchanger beta-like isoform X1 [KO:K05742]
116701869  Na(+)/H(+) exchanger beta-like [KO:K05742]
116691206  potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04926]
116693919  potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04926]
116673450  atp2b1; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
116693205  atp2b3; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
116693714  plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1-like [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
116687420  atp2b2; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
116688592  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1-like [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
116672311  plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
116705122  slc8a1; sodium/calcium exchanger 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
116678284  sodium/calcium exchanger 1-like [KO:K05849]
116699948  sodium/calcium exchanger 1-like [KO:K05849]
116700144  sodium/calcium exchanger 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
116707095  sodium/calcium exchanger 1-like [KO:K05849]
116669705  slc8a3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/calcium exchanger 3 [KO:K05849]
116672716  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/calcium exchanger 2-like [KO:K05849]
116698674  sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K04838]
116691108  sodium channel subunit beta-1-like [KO:K04845]
116691183  sodium channel subunit beta-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04845]
116701956  sodium channel subunit beta-1-like [KO:K04845]
116682024  scn4b; sodium channel subunit beta-4 [KO:K04848]
116700641  sodium channel subunit beta-4-like [KO:K04848]
116672836  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C-like isoform X1 [KO:K04850]
116692928  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D-like isoform X1 [KO:K04851]
116687621  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D-like [KO:K04851]
116692878  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D-like [KO:K04853]
116692230  cacna1s; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857]
116702769  cacnb1; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04862]
116672351  cacnb2; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04863]
116692310  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3-like isoform X1 [KO:K04864]
116692510  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4-like isoform X1 [KO:K04864]
116673752  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4-like isoform X1 [KO:K04865]
116697891  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4-like [KO:K04865]
116694723  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1-like [KO:K04858]
116673091  voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04858]
116687866  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2-like [KO:K04859]
116688656  cacna2d2; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04859]
116693019  voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3-like isoform X1 [KO:K04860]
116688229  voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3-like isoform X1 [KO:K04860]
116686864  voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-4-like [KO:K04861]
116672841  voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-4-like isoform X1 [KO:K04861]
116705636  cacng1; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit [KO:K04866]
116703423  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit-like [KO:K04866]
116701671  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit-like [KO:K04867]
116702706  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit [KO:K04867]
116707177  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-3 subunit-like [KO:K04868]
116703076  cacng3; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-3 subunit [KO:K04868]
116670573  cacng4; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit [KO:K04869]
116703372  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit-like [KO:K04869]
116670583  cacng5; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-5 subunit [KO:K04870]
116703473  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-5 subunit [KO:K04870]
116691376  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-6 subunit-like [KO:K04871]
116701514  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-6 subunit-like [KO:K04871]
116691363  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-7 subunit-like [KO:K04872]
116701768  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-7 subunit-like [KO:K04872]
116691375  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit-like [KO:K04873]
116701822  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit-like [KO:K04873]
116705744  calm2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
116678688  calm3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
116706189  calm1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
116670661  calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
116687887  calml6; calmodulin-like protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
116688267  calml4; calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
116705273  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma-like isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
116686178  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta-like isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
116669783  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II delta 2 chain isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
116686615  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
116671728  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
116688857  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta-like isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
116705063  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ryanodine receptor 2-like [KO:K04962]
116671584  ryr2; ryanodine receptor 2 [KO:K04962]
116697222  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
116700179  ppp2ca; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
116689965  ppp2cb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
116687132  ppp2r1b; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform [KO:K03456]
116704351  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B alpha isoform [KO:K04354]
116704979  ppp2r2d; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B delta isoform [KO:K04354]
116686804  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B alpha isoform-like [KO:K04354]
116670454  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B gamma isoform-like [KO:K04354]
116696638  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04354]
116696823  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04354]
116697917  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit beta-like isoform X1 [KO:K11583]
116670647  ppp2r3c; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit gamma [KO:K11583]
116670491  ppp2r3a; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K11583]
116678376  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit epsilon isoform-like [KO:K11584]
116705851  ppp2r5a; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584]
116706734  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K11584]
116707123  ppp2r5b; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584]
116670143  ppp2r5c; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584]
116670211  ppp2r5e; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit epsilon isoform [KO:K11584]
116679804  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit-like [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
116706431  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit-like [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
116707200  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
116669662  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit-like [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
116686659  ppp1cc; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
116671320  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase alpha-2 isoform-like [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
116702550  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase alpha-2 isoform-like [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
116689305  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit A [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
116681075  troponin C, slow skeletal and cardiac muscles-like [KO:K05865]
116692528  troponin C, slow skeletal and cardiac muscles [KO:K05865]
116673331  troponin T, cardiac muscle isoforms-like [KO:K12045]
116692450  troponin T, cardiac muscle isoforms-like isoform X1 [KO:K12045]
116693903  troponin T, cardiac muscle-like isoform X1 [KO:K12045]
116687882  troponin T, cardiac muscle isoforms-like isoform X1 [KO:K12045]
116673081  troponin T, fast skeletal muscle isoforms-like isoform X1 [KO:K12045]
116692335  tropomyosin alpha-1 chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K10373]
116694075  tpm1; tropomyosin alpha-1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K10373]
116704617  tropomyosin beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K10374]
116679036  tropomyosin alpha-4 chain-like [KO:K09290]
116702105  tropomyosin alpha-3 chain-like [KO:K09290]
116698591  tropomyosin alpha-1 chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K10375]
116695136  tpm4; tropomyosin alpha-4 chain isoform X1 [KO:K10375]
116705930  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: actin, alpha cardiac-like [KO:K12314]
116670252  actin, alpha cardiac [KO:K12314]
116670704  actc1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1 [KO:K12314]
116687960  actin, alpha skeletal muscle [KO:K12314]
116689506  actin, alpha cardiac-like isoform X1 [KO:K12314]
116699391  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: myosin-7-like [KO:K17751]
116699395  myosin-7-like [KO:K17751]
116672205  myosin-6-like [KO:K17751]
116686662  myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform-like [KO:K10351]
116687400  myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform [KO:K10351]
116689310  myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform-like [KO:K10351]
116699548  myosin light chain 4-like [KO:K12749]
116704666  myosin light chain 4-like [KO:K12750]
116678220  myosin light chain 4-like [KO:K12750]
116673783  pln; cardiac phospholamban [KO:K05852]
116704710  sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2-like [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
116700090  atp2a3; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
116686654  sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
116694637  sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2-like [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
116671274  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1-like [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
116689300  sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
116703734  sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1-like [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
116704864  agt; angiotensinogen isoform X1 [KO:K09821]
116672342  agtr1; type-1 angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04166]
116696796  type-2 angiotensin II receptor-like [KO:K04167]
116686642  alpha-1A adrenergic receptor-like [KO:K04135]
116703872  alpha-1A adrenergic receptor-like [KO:K04135]
116697412  adra1b; alpha-1B adrenergic receptor [KO:K04136]
116699331  adra1d; alpha-1D adrenergic receptor [KO:K04137]
116704803  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K04634]
116689828  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
116705016  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1-like [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
116706249  plcb1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
116706250  plcb4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
116686556  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3-like [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
116670665  plcb2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
116670566  prkca; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
116702478  protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
116687436  ppp1r1a; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1A [KO:K08050]
116690322  mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
116703753  mitogen-activated protein kinase 1-like [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
116670546  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-5-like [KO:K04445] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116697597  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05870]
116674223  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05870]
116678953  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1-like [KO:K05870]
116697624  atf2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 [KO:K04450]
116700966  atf4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04374]
116673349  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048]
116673756  creb3l1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
116699092  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3-A isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
116699108  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3-A isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
116696103  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3-B isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
116689550  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like [KO:K09048]
116691490  creb5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09047]
116702071  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5-like isoform X1 [KO:K09047]
116693033  cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta-like [KO:K09049]
116672038  cAMP-responsive element modulator-like isoform X1 [KO:K09052]
116699795  cAMP-responsive element modulator-like isoform X1 [KO:K09052]
116698657  apoptosis regulator Bcl-2-like [KO:K02161]
116692193  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3-like [KO:K08014]
116697608  rapgef4; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 [KO:K04351]
116698831  rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4-like isoform X1 [KO:K04351]
116691890  mitogen-activated protein kinase 14A-like [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
116692206  mitogen-activated protein kinase 14A-like isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
116693198  mitogen-activated protein kinase 13-like [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
116693572  mitogen-activated protein kinase 12-like [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
116687835  mitogen-activated protein kinase 14A isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
116673128  mitogen-activated protein kinase 11-like isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
116673224  mitogen-activated protein kinase 12-like isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
116673294  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
116692668  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04630]
116694650  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
116688038  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
116688402  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2-like [KO:K04630]
116673408  pik3cg; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K21289] [EC:2.7.1.153]
116691879  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform-like [KO:K21289] [EC:2.7.1.153]
116705071  pik3r5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K21290]
116699884  pik3r6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K21290]
116702367  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5-like [KO:K21290]
116673342  RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116705099  RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116670120  akt1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116673142  RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase-like [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00788  L-Adrenaline
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
C07056  Isoproterenol
Reference
PMID:19883653
  Authors
Grimm M, Brown JH
  Title
Beta-adrenergic receptor signaling in the heart: role of CaMKII.
  Journal
J Mol Cell Cardiol 48:322-30 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.10.016
Reference
PMID:21212391
  Authors
Yang JH, Saucerman JJ
  Title
Computational models reduce complexity and accelerate insight into cardiac signaling networks.
  Journal
Circ Res 108:85-97 (2011)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.223602
Reference
PMID:16765984
  Authors
Schaub MC, Hefti MA, Zaugg M
  Title
Integration of calcium with the signaling network in cardiac myocytes.
  Journal
J Mol Cell Cardiol 41:183-214 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2006.04.005
Reference
PMID:22022314
  Authors
Taggart P, Boyett MR, Logantha S, Lambiase PD
  Title
Anger, emotion, and arrhythmias: from brain to heart.
  Journal
Front Physiol 2:67 (2011)
DOI:10.3389/fphys.2011.00067
Reference
PMID:17988210
  Authors
Bers DM
  Title
Calcium cycling and signaling in cardiac myocytes.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 70:23-49 (2008)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100455
Reference
PMID:20923637
  Authors
Soltis AR, Saucerman JJ
  Title
Synergy between CaMKII substrates and beta-adrenergic signaling in regulation of cardiac myocyte Ca(2+) handling.
  Journal
Biophys J 99:2038-47 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.bpj.2010.08.016
Reference
PMID:12439640
  Authors
Wallukat G
  Title
The beta-adrenergic receptors.
  Journal
Herz 27:683-90 (2002)
DOI:10.1007/s00059-002-2434-z
Reference
PMID:11604549
  Authors
Xiao RP
  Title
Beta-adrenergic signaling in the heart: dual coupling of the beta2-adrenergic receptor to G(s) and G(i) proteins.
  Journal
Sci STKE 2001:re15 (2001)
DOI:10.1126/stke.2001.104.re15
Reference
PMID:10571541
  Authors
Xiao RP, Cheng H, Zhou YY, Kuschel M, Lakatta EG
  Title
Recent advances in cardiac beta(2)-adrenergic signal transduction.
  Journal
Circ Res 85:1092-100 (1999)
DOI:10.1161/01.RES.85.11.1092
Reference
PMID:15979723
  Authors
Zheng M, Zhu W, Han Q, Xiao RP
  Title
Emerging concepts and therapeutic implications of beta-adrenergic receptor subtype signaling.
  Journal
Pharmacol Ther 108:257-68 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.04.006
Reference
PMID:17826821
  Authors
Kuzumoto M, Takeuchi A, Nakai H, Oka C, Noma A, Matsuoka S
  Title
Simulation analysis of intracellular Na+ and Cl- homeostasis during beta 1-adrenergic stimulation of cardiac myocyte.
  Journal
Prog Biophys Mol Biol 96:171-86 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2007.07.005
Reference
PMID:11805843
  Authors
Bers DM
  Title
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling.
  Journal
Nature 415:198-205 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/415198a
Reference
PMID:20658186
  Authors
Ho D, Yan L, Iwatsubo K, Vatner DE, Vatner SF
  Title
Modulation of beta-adrenergic receptor signaling in heart failure and longevity: targeting adenylyl cyclase type 5.
  Journal
Heart Fail Rev 15:495-512 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s10741-010-9183-5
Reference
PMID:15142747
  Authors
Saucerman JJ, McCulloch AD
  Title
Mechanistic systems models of cell signaling networks: a case study of myocyte adrenergic regulation.
  Journal
Prog Biophys Mol Biol 85:261-78 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2004.01.005
Reference
PMID:15765137
  Authors
Yano M, Ikeda Y, Matsuzaki M
  Title
Altered intracellular Ca2+ handling in heart failure.
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:556-64 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI24159
Reference
PMID:15232578
  Authors
Wehrens XH, Marks AR
  Title
Novel therapeutic approaches for heart failure by normalizing calcium cycling.
  Journal
Nat Rev Drug Discov 3:565-73 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nrd1440
Reference
PMID:19874988
  Authors
Triposkiadis F, Karayannis G, Giamouzis G, Skoularigis J, Louridas G, Butler J
  Title
The sympathetic nervous system in heart failure physiology, pathophysiology, and clinical implications.
  Journal
J Am Coll Cardiol 54:1747-62 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.05.015
Reference
PMID:18407781
  Authors
Barry SP, Davidson SM, Townsend PA
  Title
Molecular regulation of cardiac hypertrophy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 40:2023-39 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2008.02.020
Related
pathway
esp04020  Calcium signaling pathway
esp04260  Cardiac muscle contraction
KO pathway
ko04261   
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