KEGG   PATHWAY: gacu04261
Entry
gacu04261                   Pathway                                
Name
Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes - Gymnodraco acuticeps
Description
Cardiac myocytes express at least six subtypes of adrenergic receptor (AR) which include three subtypes of beta-AR (beta-1, beta-2, beta-3) and three subtypes of the alpha-1-AR (alpha-1A, alpha-1B, and alpha-1C). In the human heart the beta-1-AR is the pre- dominate receptor. Acute sympathetic stimulation of cardiac beta-1-ARs induces positive inotropic and chronotropic effects, the most effective mechanism to acutely increase output of the heart, by coupling to Gs, formation of cAMP by adenylyl cyclase (AC), and PKA- dependent phosphorylation of various target proteins (e.g., ryanodine receptor [RyR]; phospholamban [PLB], troponin I [TnI], and the L-type Ca2+ channel [LTCC]). Chronic beta-1-AR stimulation is detrimental and induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis. beta-2-AR coupled to Gs exerts a proapoptotic action as well as beta-1-AR, while beta-2-AR coupled to Gi exerts an antiapoptotic action.
Class
Organismal Systems; Circulatory system
Pathway map
gacu04261  Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes
gacu04261

Other DBs
GO: 0001997
Organism
Gymnodraco acuticeps [GN:gacu]
Gene
117544954  adrb1; beta-1 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04141]
117545254  adrb2a; adrenoceptor beta 2, surface a [KO:K04142]
117540175  beta-2 adrenergic receptor-like [KO:K04142]
117534189  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04632]
117541950  gnas; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha [KO:K04632]
117558416  adenylate cyclase type 1-like [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
117560499  adenylate cyclase type 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
117537493  adcy2a; adenylate cyclase type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
117562961  adcy2b; adenylate cyclase type 2b isoform X1 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
117538552  adenylate cyclase type 3-like [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
117554043  adcy3a; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
117539413  adenylate cyclase type 5-like [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
117549654  adcy5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
117541907  adenylate cyclase type 6-like [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
117542997  adenylate cyclase type 6-like [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
117549142  adcy7; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
117533794  si:dkey-206f10.1; adenylate cyclase type 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
117541104  adcy8; adenylate cyclase type 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
117548476  adenylate cyclase type 9-like [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
117561607  adcy9; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
117532941  bves; blood vessel epicardial substance [KO:K21108]
117536565  popdc2; popeye domain-containing 2 [KO:K26206]
117532937  popdc3; popeye domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K26207]
117551441  kcnk2a; potassium channel subfamily K member 2 [KO:K04913]
117533826  potassium channel subfamily K member 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K04913]
117548428  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
117555105  prkacba; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, beta a isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
117558377  prkacbb; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, beta b [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
117561581  prkacab; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
117536635  atp1a3a; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3a [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
117539352  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
117539354  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
117540918  atp1a2a; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
117549604  atp1a3b; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3b isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
117543496  atp1b4; protein ATP1B4 [KO:K01540]
117556879  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3-like [KO:K01540]
117545500  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3-like [KO:K01540]
117539345  atp1b1b; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1b [KO:K01540]
117534133  atp1b2b; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2b [KO:K01540]
117561562  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-233-like [KO:K01540]
117536657  Na(+)/H(+) exchanger beta-like isoform X1 [KO:K05742]
117562102  slc9a1a; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 [KO:K05742]
117547866  kcnq1.2; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 [KO:K04926]
117549234  kcnq1.1; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1.1 [KO:K04926]
117536348  potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1-like [KO:K04894]
117537192  plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
117547950  atp2b1a; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1a isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
117547987  atp2b2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 2 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
117534507  plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
117541484  atp2b3b; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 3b [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
117558354  plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1-like [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
117558394  plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1-like [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
117550366  slc8a1b; sodium/calcium exchanger 1b isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
117550723  slc8a4b; solute carrier family 8 member 4b isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
117552942  slc8a4a; solute carrier family 8 member 4a [KO:K05849]
117552948  slc8a2a; sodium/calcium exchanger 2a [KO:K05849]
117533869  slc8a3; sodium/calcium exchanger 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
117548919  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/calcium exchanger 1-like [KO:K05849]
117561906  sodium/calcium exchanger 2-like [KO:K05849]
117544673  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha-like [KO:K04838]
117556652  sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K04838]
117536336  scn1ba; sodium channel, voltage-gated, type I, beta a [KO:K04845]
117536340  si:ch211-225p5.8; sodium channel subunit beta-1 [KO:K04845]
117559328  sodium channel subunit beta-1-like [KO:K04845]
117538506  scn4bb; sodium channel, voltage-gated, type IV, beta b [KO:K04848]
117542307  sodium channel subunit beta-4-like [KO:K04848]
117536109  cacna1c; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850]
117541859  cacna1db; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D [KO:K04851]
117548197  cacna1da; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1D subunit, a isoform X1 [KO:K04851]
117558053  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F-like [KO:K04853]
117563145  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D-like [KO:K04853]
117541823  cacna1sb; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1S subunit, b [KO:K04857]
117535431  dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type skeletal muscle calcium channel subunit alpha-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04857]
117548455  cacnb1; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04862]
117544691  cacnb2a; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2a isoform X1 [KO:K04863]
117542071  cacnb3b; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 [KO:K04864]
117542981  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3-like isoform X1 [KO:K04864]
117546902  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4-like isoform X1 [KO:K04865]
117549650  cacnb4a; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4a isoform X1 [KO:K04865]
117537323  voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04858]
117545743  voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04858]
117548066  cacna2d2a; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2a isoform X1 [KO:K04859]
117548137  voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2-like [KO:K04859]
117533998  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3-like [KO:K04860]
117559429  cacna2d3; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K04860]
117536114  cacna2d4a; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-4 [KO:K04861]
117548777  cacng1b; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04866]
117561993  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit-like [KO:K04866]
117546042  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit-like [KO:K04867]
117548782  cacng2a; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, gamma subunit 2a isoform X1 [KO:K04867]
117535947  cacng3b; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-3 subunit [KO:K04868]
117556187  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-3 subunit [KO:K04868]
117548646  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit-like [KO:K04869]
117561991  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit-like [KO:K04869]
117548780  cacng5b; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-5 subunit [KO:K04870]
117561989  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-5 subunit [KO:K04870]
117535275  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-6 subunit-like isoform X1 [KO:K04871]
117543193  cacng6b; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-6 subunit [KO:K04871]
117535277  cacng7a; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, gamma subunit 7a [KO:K04872]
117535293  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit-like isoform X1 [KO:K04873]
117543214  cacng8b; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit [KO:K04873]
117551852  calm2a; calmodulin 2a (phosphorylase kinase, delta) [KO:K02183]
117552177  calm3a; calmodulin 3a (phosphorylase kinase, delta) [KO:K02183]
117539693  calm1a; calmodulin-1a [KO:K02183]
117554187  calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
117549326  calml4a; calmodulin-like protein 4a isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
117544304  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma-like [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
117551247  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
117547272  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
117543393  camk2d2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II delta 2 chain isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
117560739  camk2g2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
117545188  ryr2a; ryanodine receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04962]
117560836  ryr2b; ryanodine receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04962]
117540167  ppp2cab; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
117535020  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
117556011  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
117552197  ppp2r1bb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform [KO:K03456]
117543904  ppp2r2aa; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B alpha isoform [KO:K04354]
117545207  ppp2r2ba; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04354]
117539958  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B alpha isoform [KO:K04354]
117555917  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04354]
117543430  ppp2r2ca; protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B, gamma a [KO:K04354]
117560810  ppp2r2d; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B delta isoform [KO:K04354]
117544495  ppp2r3b; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K11583]
117539700  ppp2r3c; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit gamma [KO:K11583]
117536198  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit alpha-like [KO:K11583]
117550376  ppp2r5b; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit beta isoform [KO:K11584]
117540535  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit epsilon isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584]
117554271  ppp2r5cb; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B', gamma b [KO:K11584]
117556388  ppp2r5ca; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584]
117562327  ppp2r5a; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584]
117545022  ppp1cab; protein phosphatase 1, catalytic subunit, alpha isozyme b [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
117539053  ppp1cc; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit A isoform X1 [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
117553916  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit-like [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
117548669  ppp1caa; protein phosphatase 1, catalytic subunit, alpha isozyme a [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
117548936  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit-like [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
117542741  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
117541492  tnnc1b; troponin C type 1b (slow) [KO:K05865]
117543051  tnnc1a; troponin C type 1a (slow) [KO:K05865]
117539585  troponin T, cardiac muscle isoforms-like isoform X1 [KO:K12045]
117552432  tnnt2c; troponin T2c, cardiac [KO:K12045]
117547830  tnnt2d; troponin T2d, cardiac [KO:K12045]
117541992  tnnt2a; troponin T type 2a (cardiac) isoform X1 [KO:K12045]
117558232  tnnt2e; troponin T2e, cardiac [KO:K12045]
117556693  tropomyosin alpha-1 chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K10373]
117557637  tpm1; tropomyosin alpha-1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K10373]
117534877  tropomyosin beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K10374]
117537053  tpm3; tropomyosin alpha-3 chain [KO:K09290]
117557011  tropomyosin alpha-4 chain-like [KO:K09290]
117541108  tpm4a; tropomyosin 4a isoform X1 [KO:K10375]
117541758  tpm4b; tropomyosin 4b isoform X1 [KO:K10375]
117551390  acta1b; actin alpha 1, skeletal muscle b [KO:K12314]
117555245  acta1a; actin alpha 1, skeletal muscle a [KO:K12314]
117563073  actin, alpha cardiac muscle [KO:K12314]
117532753  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: myosin-7-like [KO:K17751]
117539054  myl2b; myosin, light chain 2b, regulatory, cardiac, slow [KO:K10351]
117561898  myl2a; myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform [KO:K10351]
117558396  myl13; myosin, light chain 13 [KO:K12749]
117538892  cmlc1; cardiac myosin light chain-1 [KO:K12750]
117546920  pln; cardiac phospholamban [KO:K05852]
117544131  atp2a1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
117538491  atp2a3; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
117544983  atp2a1l; ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 1, like isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
117534090  atp2a2b; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2b [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
117556498  si:dkey-28b4.8; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
117562427  sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2-like [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
117560731  serpin A3-3-like [KO:K09821]
117560843  serpin A3-3-like [KO:K09821]
117549896  agtr1b; type-1 angiotensin II receptor A [KO:K04166]
117550691  type-2 angiotensin II receptor-like [KO:K04167]
117543849  adra1aa; adrenoceptor alpha 1Aa [KO:K04135]
117538716  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: alpha-1A adrenergic receptor-like [KO:K04135]
117556724  alpha-1B adrenergic receptor-like [KO:K04136]
117555955  alpha-1A adrenergic receptor-like [KO:K04136]
117543352  adra1d; alpha-1A adrenergic receptor [KO:K04137]
117543949  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
117537697  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04634]
117550444  plcb3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
117545410  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
117554181  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
117554205  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4-like isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
117549938  plcb2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
117548684  si:ch73-374l24.1; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
117561994  prkcaa; protein kinase C, alpha, a [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
117534164  protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1A-like [KO:K08050]
117544100  mapk3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117546425  mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117558841  rps6ka5; ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-5 [KO:K04445] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117544461  creb1b; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1b [KO:K05870]
117539309  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05870]
117544446  atf2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450]
117535534  atf4b; activating transcription factor 4b [KO:K04374]
117536055  atf4a; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
117532700  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3-B isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
117546107  creb3l3a; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3-A [KO:K09048]
117552450  creb3l2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048]
117546942  creb3l1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
117558670  creb3l3l; cAMP responsive element binding protein 3-like 3 like [KO:K09048]
117560036  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 [KO:K09048]
117554058  creb5b; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09047]
117562866  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5-like isoform X1 [KO:K09047]
117535327  atf6b; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta isoform X1 [KO:K09049]
117558349  bcl2b; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
117542226  rapgef3; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08014]
117532676  rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4-like isoform X1 [KO:K04351]
117544418  rapgef4; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04351]
117550850  mapk12a; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117532852  mapk13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117532885  zgc:171775; STKc_p38 domain-containing protein [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117547509  mapk14b; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mitogen-activated protein kinase 14B [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117541966  mapk14a; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14A isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117562573  mapk11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117562577  mitogen-activated protein kinase 12-like [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117551023  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
117545720  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
117552461  gnai1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
117548100  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2-like [KO:K04630]
117541891  gnai3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
117552533  pik3cg; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K21289] [EC:2.7.1.153]
117547700  si:rp71-17i16.5; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K21289] [EC:2.7.1.153]
117550302  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5-like [KO:K21290]
117550303  phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6-like [KO:K21290]
117550333  phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5-like isoform X1 [KO:K21290]
117550334  phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6-like [KO:K21290]
117537875  pik3r5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 [KO:K21290]
117538049  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6-like [KO:K21290]
117544558  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase-like [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117551707  akt2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117550034  akt1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117560397  RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase-like [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117560747  akt3a; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00788  L-Adrenaline
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
C07056  Isoproterenol
Reference
PMID:19883653
  Authors
Grimm M, Brown JH
  Title
Beta-adrenergic receptor signaling in the heart: role of CaMKII.
  Journal
J Mol Cell Cardiol 48:322-30 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.10.016
Reference
PMID:21212391
  Authors
Yang JH, Saucerman JJ
  Title
Computational models reduce complexity and accelerate insight into cardiac signaling networks.
  Journal
Circ Res 108:85-97 (2011)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.223602
Reference
PMID:16765984
  Authors
Schaub MC, Hefti MA, Zaugg M
  Title
Integration of calcium with the signaling network in cardiac myocytes.
  Journal
J Mol Cell Cardiol 41:183-214 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2006.04.005
Reference
PMID:22022314
  Authors
Taggart P, Boyett MR, Logantha S, Lambiase PD
  Title
Anger, emotion, and arrhythmias: from brain to heart.
  Journal
Front Physiol 2:67 (2011)
DOI:10.3389/fphys.2011.00067
Reference
PMID:17988210
  Authors
Bers DM
  Title
Calcium cycling and signaling in cardiac myocytes.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 70:23-49 (2008)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100455
Reference
PMID:20923637
  Authors
Soltis AR, Saucerman JJ
  Title
Synergy between CaMKII substrates and beta-adrenergic signaling in regulation of cardiac myocyte Ca(2+) handling.
  Journal
Biophys J 99:2038-47 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.bpj.2010.08.016
Reference
PMID:12439640
  Authors
Wallukat G
  Title
The beta-adrenergic receptors.
  Journal
Herz 27:683-90 (2002)
DOI:10.1007/s00059-002-2434-z
Reference
PMID:11604549
  Authors
Xiao RP
  Title
Beta-adrenergic signaling in the heart: dual coupling of the beta2-adrenergic receptor to G(s) and G(i) proteins.
  Journal
Sci STKE 2001:re15 (2001)
DOI:10.1126/stke.2001.104.re15
Reference
PMID:10571541
  Authors
Xiao RP, Cheng H, Zhou YY, Kuschel M, Lakatta EG
  Title
Recent advances in cardiac beta(2)-adrenergic signal transduction.
  Journal
Circ Res 85:1092-100 (1999)
DOI:10.1161/01.RES.85.11.1092
Reference
PMID:15979723
  Authors
Zheng M, Zhu W, Han Q, Xiao RP
  Title
Emerging concepts and therapeutic implications of beta-adrenergic receptor subtype signaling.
  Journal
Pharmacol Ther 108:257-68 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.04.006
Reference
PMID:17826821
  Authors
Kuzumoto M, Takeuchi A, Nakai H, Oka C, Noma A, Matsuoka S
  Title
Simulation analysis of intracellular Na+ and Cl- homeostasis during beta 1-adrenergic stimulation of cardiac myocyte.
  Journal
Prog Biophys Mol Biol 96:171-86 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2007.07.005
Reference
PMID:11805843
  Authors
Bers DM
  Title
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling.
  Journal
Nature 415:198-205 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/415198a
Reference
PMID:20658186
  Authors
Ho D, Yan L, Iwatsubo K, Vatner DE, Vatner SF
  Title
Modulation of beta-adrenergic receptor signaling in heart failure and longevity: targeting adenylyl cyclase type 5.
  Journal
Heart Fail Rev 15:495-512 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s10741-010-9183-5
Reference
PMID:15142747
  Authors
Saucerman JJ, McCulloch AD
  Title
Mechanistic systems models of cell signaling networks: a case study of myocyte adrenergic regulation.
  Journal
Prog Biophys Mol Biol 85:261-78 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2004.01.005
Reference
PMID:15765137
  Authors
Yano M, Ikeda Y, Matsuzaki M
  Title
Altered intracellular Ca2+ handling in heart failure.
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:556-64 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI24159
Reference
PMID:15232578
  Authors
Wehrens XH, Marks AR
  Title
Novel therapeutic approaches for heart failure by normalizing calcium cycling.
  Journal
Nat Rev Drug Discov 3:565-73 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nrd1440
Reference
PMID:19874988
  Authors
Triposkiadis F, Karayannis G, Giamouzis G, Skoularigis J, Louridas G, Butler J
  Title
The sympathetic nervous system in heart failure physiology, pathophysiology, and clinical implications.
  Journal
J Am Coll Cardiol 54:1747-62 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.05.015
Reference
PMID:18407781
  Authors
Barry SP, Davidson SM, Townsend PA
  Title
Molecular regulation of cardiac hypertrophy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 40:2023-39 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2008.02.020
Related
pathway
gacu04020  Calcium signaling pathway
gacu04260  Cardiac muscle contraction
KO pathway
ko04261   
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