KEGG   PATHWAY: pmur04140
Entry
pmur04140                   Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Protobothrops mucrosquamatus (Taiwan habu)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
pmur04140  Autophagy - animal
pmur04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Protobothrops mucrosquamatus (Taiwan habu) [GN:pmur]
Gene
107294042  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
107290589  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
107286667  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
107298766  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 2-B-like [KO:K07187]
107296125  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
107285699  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
107292340  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
107284997  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
107292269  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
107282273  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
107283596  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
107286152  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
107302608  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107292994  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107302433  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107285678  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107285111  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
107287923  HRAS; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
107295639  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
107296269  GTPase HRas [KO:K07827]
107282493  GTPase HRas [KO:K07827]
107284053  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
107295186  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
107294100  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
107282439  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07830]
107295520  RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107283932  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
107295320  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
107282702  mitogen-activated protein kinase 1-like [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
107293871  mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
107293420  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
107294915  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268]
107288102  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
107302611  TSC2; tuberin [KO:K07207]
107296501  TSC1; hamartin [KO:K07206]
107284336  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
107303314  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
107286684  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204]
107295010  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein [KO:K20402]
107298406  DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein-like [KO:K20402]
107294607  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107298507  proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1-like [KO:K16184]
107282550  proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1-like [KO:K16184]
107297962  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 [KO:K08266]
107298703  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107293632  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107291218  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
107294933  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
107285618  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
107299178  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107300253  serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2-like [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107298520  ULK2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107294858  ATG13; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: autophagy-related protein 13 [KO:K08331]
107299488  autophagy-related protein 13-like [KO:K08331]
107290982  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
107289178  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 [KO:K17589]
107294532  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B [KO:K17906]
107298964  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A [KO:K17906]
107282574  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908]
107290606  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 [KO:K17908]
107293622  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991]
107292036  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 [KO:K22991]
107288110  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]
107298202  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
107289126  SMCR8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 [KO:K23611]
107284603  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 [KO:K23610]
107290673  C9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
107282209  RAB8A; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
107303030  ras-related protein Rab-39B-like [KO:K07925]
107303118  ras-related protein Rab-39B-like [KO:K07925]
107296620  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 [KO:K14381]
107291767  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
107289615  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator [KO:K12650]
107300483  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A isoform X2 [KO:K07874]
107291981  ras-related protein ORAB-1-like [KO:K07874]
107303206  ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
107296170  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D isoform X1 [KO:K16186]
107283689  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
107282874  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107291127  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
107286634  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
107294019  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
107291148  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
107293197  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
107294632  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
107293954  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X3 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
107303183  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
107283580  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
107299065  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
107301245  bcl2-associated agonist of cell death-like [KO:K02158]
107285915  BECN1; beclin-1 [KO:K08334]
107287901  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 [KO:K21246]
107286065  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107298510  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
107302970  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
107293338  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
107288384  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21247]
107302793  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 [KO:K21248]
107298755  STX17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
107299020  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein [KO:K21249]
107299216  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 [KO:K11248]
107298468  RUBCN; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein [KO:K19330]
107286967  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
107301663  mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
107302815  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
107284852  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
107299991  serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1-like [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
107293430  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
107283171  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107297063  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107297726  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107299393  death-associated protein kinase 2-like [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107299395  death-associated protein kinase 2-like [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107286799  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
107302385  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107296475  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107285843  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
107288788  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
107288560  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
107290924  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
107294170  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K17603]
107290902  ATG12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
107293253  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 [KO:K08339]
107285517  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 [KO:K17890]
107287032  ATG16L2; autophagy-related protein 16-2 [KO:K20868]
107288238  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 [KO:K08337]
107287395  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
107291756  CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator [KO:K04724]
107293151  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
107298816  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type isoform X1 [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
107292620  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
107295344  GABARAP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
107283530  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08341]
107295489  microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
107292888  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
107287240  microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A-like [KO:K10435]
107292419  microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C-like [KO:K10435]
107295167  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
107303190  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
107291618  ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
107287073  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
107285927  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
107297427  OPTN; optineurin [KO:K19946]
107282623  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K21348]
107282772  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 [KO:K21347]
107303180  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K22262]
107282884  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
107302309  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
107282827  UBC; polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
107299336  polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
107293345  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
107301502  synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
107283276  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
107286230  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
107302644  STX7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
107299699  ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog [KO:K23883]
107297534  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog [KO:K23883]
107294563  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
107284769  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]
107296568  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20180]
107291010  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
107287001  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
107295749  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein [KO:K20183]
107283298  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog [KO:K20184]
107287473  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
107283892  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
107303322  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
107292980  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
107284235  ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
107292377  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b [KO:K07898]
107302746  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 [KO:K06528]
107290442  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
107290778  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
107282504  cathepsin D-like [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
107301120  cathepsin S-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
107295321  cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
107300486  cathepsin L1-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
107300965  cathepsin L1-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
107298633  cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
107297057  cathepsin L1-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
107301213  cathepsin B-like [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
107289312  CTSB; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
pmur04010  MAPK signaling pathway
pmur04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
pmur04142  Lysosome
pmur04150  mTOR signaling pathway
pmur04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   
LinkDB

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