Entry Name GnRH secretion - Pteronotus mesoamericanus (Parnell's mustached bat)
Description Hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are key regulators of reproduction. They release GnRH into the portal circulation. In turn, GnRH stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone (LH) to regulate gonadal functions. Gonadal steroids provide feedback to regulate GnRH release. GnRH neurons express the kisspeptin receptor, GPR 54, and kisspeptins potently stimulate the release of GnRH by depolarising and inducing sustained action potential firing in GnRH neurons. It is also demonstrated that Kisspeptin-GPR54 system positively regulates the GnRH expression with a time course consistent with activation of Akt and MAP kinase signaling pathways.
Class Organismal Systems; Endocrine systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Organism Pteronotus mesoamericanus (Parnell's mustached bat) [GN:
ppam ]
Gene 129061644 KCNJ3; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 [KO:K04997 ]
129062025 HCN3; potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 3 [KO:K04956 ]
129062195 KCNN3; small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04944 ]
129062403 KCNJ9; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05002 ]
129065030 CACNA1F; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F [KO:K04853 ]
129067269 GABBR1; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04615 ]
129069407 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
129070855 PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
129070857 PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
129071960 HCN1; potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 1 [KO:K04954 ]
129072525 HCN2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 [KO:K04955 ]
129072943 CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857 ]
129073529 CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C [KO:K04850 ]
129074308 GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635 ]
129074534 KCNJ6; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 [KO:K05000 ]
129074590 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
129074841 KCNN1; small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04942 ]
129074969 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
129075344 KCNJ5; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4 [KO:K04999 ]
129075675 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
129076577 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
129077935 CACNA1I; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I [KO:K04856 ]
129079399 GABBR2; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 [KO:K04615 ]
129080142 CACNA1G; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G isoform X1 [KO:K04854 ]
129080529 KCNJ11; ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11 [KO:K05004 ]
129081146 TRPC4; short transient receptor potential channel 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04967 ]
129082727 KCNN4; intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 [KO:K04945 ]
129083353 CACNA1H; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H isoform X1 [KO:K04855 ]
129083902 KCNN2; small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04943 ]
129087685 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
129088291 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
129088299 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
Compound C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
Reference Authors Ronnekleiv OK, Kelly MJ
Title Kisspeptin excitation of GnRH neurons.
Journal Reference Authors Beltramo M, Dardente H, Cayla X, Caraty A
Title Cellular mechanisms and integrative timing of neuroendocrine control of GnRH secretion by kisspeptin.
Journal Reference Authors Oakley AE, Clifton DK, Steiner RA
Title Kisspeptin signaling in the brain.
Journal Reference Authors Pinilla L, Aguilar E, Dieguez C, Millar RP, Tena-Sempere M
Title Kisspeptins and reproduction: physiological roles and regulatory mechanisms.
Journal Reference Authors d'Anglemont de Tassigny X, Colledge WH
Title The role of kisspeptin signaling in reproduction.
Journal Reference Authors Tena-Sempere M
Title Kisspeptin signaling in the brain: recent developments and future challenges.
Journal Reference Authors Colledge WH
Title Kisspeptins and GnRH neuronal signalling.
Journal Reference Authors Roa J, Castellano JM, Navarro VM, Handelsman DJ, Pinilla L, Tena-Sempere M
Title Kisspeptins and the control of gonadotropin secretion in male and female rodents.
Journal Reference Authors Piet R, de Croft S, Liu X, Herbison AE
Title Electrical properties of kisspeptin neurons and their regulation of GnRH neurons.
Journal Reference Authors Zhang C, Bosch MA, Ronnekleiv OK, Kelly MJ
Title Kisspeptin activation of TRPC4 channels in female GnRH neurons requires PIP2 depletion and cSrc kinase activation.
Journal Reference Authors Ronnekleiv OK, Bosch MA, Zhang C
Title Regulation of endogenous conductances in GnRH neurons by estrogens.
Journal Reference Authors Ronnekleiv OK, Zhang C, Bosch MA, Kelly MJ
Title Kisspeptin and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neuronal Excitability: Molecular Mechanisms Driven by 17beta-Estradiol.
Journal Reference Authors Zhang XB, Spergel DJ
Title Kisspeptin inhibits high-voltage activated Ca2+ channels in GnRH neurons via multiple Ca2+ influx and release pathways.
Journal Reference Authors Novaira HJ, Ng Y, Wolfe A, Radovick S
Title Kisspeptin increases GnRH mRNA expression and secretion in GnRH secreting neuronal cell lines.
Journal Reference Authors Glanowska KM, Moenter SM
Title Differential regulation of GnRH secretion in the preoptic area (POA) and the median eminence (ME) in male mice.
Journal Reference Authors Szereszewski JM, Pampillo M, Ahow MR, Offermanns S, Bhattacharya M, Babwah AV
Title GPR54 regulates ERK1/2 activity and hypothalamic gene expression in a Galpha(q/11) and beta-arrestin-dependent manner.
Journal Reference Authors Zhang C, Bosch MA, Rick EA, Kelly MJ, Ronnekleiv OK
Title 17Beta-estradiol regulation of T-type calcium channels in gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons.
Journal Reference Authors Terasaka T, Otsuka F, Tsukamoto N, Nakamura E, Inagaki K, Toma K, Ogura-Ochi K, Glidewell-Kenney C, Lawson MA, Makino H
Title Mutual interaction of kisspeptin, estrogen and bone morphogenetic protein-4 activity in GnRH regulation by GT1-7 cells.
Journal Reference Authors Radovick S, Levine JE, Wolfe A
Title Estrogenic regulation of the GnRH neuron.
Journal Reference Authors Dungan HM, Clifton DK, Steiner RA
Title Minireview: kisspeptin neurons as central processors in the regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion.
Journal Reference Authors Kato M, Tanaka N, Usui S, Sakuma Y
Title The SK channel blocker apamin inhibits slow afterhyperpolarization currents in rat gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurones.
Journal Reference Authors Zhang C, Ronnekleiv OK, Kelly MJ
Title Kisspeptin inhibits a slow afterhyperpolarization current via protein kinase C and reduces spike frequency adaptation in GnRH neurons.
Journal Related KO pathway
