KEGG   PATHWAY: pvp04970
Entry
pvp04970                    Pathway                                
Name
Salivary secretion - Pteropus vampyrus (large flying fox)
Description
Saliva has manifold functions in maintaining the integrity of the oral tissues, in protecting teeth from caries, in the tasting and ingestion of food, in speech and in the tolerance of tenures, for example. Salivary secretion occurs in response to stimulation by neurotransmitters released from autonomic nerve endings. There are two secretory pathways: protein exocytosis and fluid secretion. Sympathetic stimulation leads to the activation of adenylate cyclase and accumulation of intracellular cAMP. The elevation of cAMP causes the secretion of proteins such as amylase and mucin. In contrast, parasympathetic stimulation activates phospholipase C and causes the elevation of intracellular Ca2+, which leads to fluid secretion; that is, water and ion transport. Ca2+ also induces amylase secretion, but the amount is smaller than that induced by cAMP.
Class
Organismal Systems; Digestive system
Pathway map
pvp04970  Salivary secretion
pvp04970

Other DBs
GO: 0046541
Organism
Pteropus vampyrus (large flying fox) [GN:pvp]
Gene
105288773  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 [KO:K04963]
105288781  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
105288850  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105288884  KCNMA1; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 isoform X2 [KO:K04936]
105289063  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
105289401  NOS1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nitric oxide synthase, brain [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
105289813  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105290127  CALM1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
105290354  ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540]
105290506  SLC9A1; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 [KO:K05742]
105290891  SLC12A2; solute carrier family 12 member 2 [KO:K10951]
105291225  ATP1B2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540]
105291244  VAMP2; vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K13504]
105291472  ADRB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: beta-1 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04141]
105292087  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105292181  ADRA1A; alpha-1A adrenergic receptor [KO:K04135]
105292195  GUCY1A1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
105292196  GUCY1B1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
105292433  PRKG2; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 2 [KO:K19477] [EC:2.7.11.12]
105292913  CALM2; calmodulin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
105293145  PRKG1; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K07376] [EC:2.7.11.12]
105293232  ATP2B1; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
105294112  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
105295171  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
105295961  BST1; ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 2 [KO:K18152] [EC:3.2.2.6 2.4.99.20]
105295966  CD38; ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 [KO:K01242] [EC:3.2.2.6 2.4.99.20]
105296083  [KO:K04632]
105297322  CALM3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
105297371  KCNN4; intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04945]
105297478  GUCY1A2; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
105297493  [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
105297518  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X1 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105297554  AQP5; aquaporin-5 [KO:K09867]
105297702  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
105297846  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
105297909  ATP1A1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
105298737  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
105298913  [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
105299030  ATP2B2; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
105299180  [KO:K02183]
105299375  ADRA1D; alpha-1D adrenergic receptor [KO:K04137]
105299422  ADRB2; beta-2 adrenergic receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04142]
105299444  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
105299581  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105300178  ADRB3; beta-3 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04143]
105300690  ATP2B4; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
105300714  ATP1A4; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
105300716  [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
105301042  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
105301250  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105301388  LYZ; lysozyme C [KO:K13915] [EC:3.2.1.17]
105302125  LPO; lactoperoxidase isoform X1 [KO:K12550] [EC:1.11.1.7]
105302452  [KO:K04634]
105302474  ATP2B3; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 3 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
105303095  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105303606  CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
105303771  SLC4A2; anion exchange protein 2 [KO:K13855]
105304142  TRPV6; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6 [KO:K04975]
105304250  ATP1B4; protein ATP1B4 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
105306712  [KO:K13912]
105306926  [KO:K13899]
105307164  BEST2; bestrophin-2 [KO:K13879]
105307345  ATP1A3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
105308299  [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105308501  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
105308818  [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
105308975  ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540]
105309400  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105309462  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
105309689  CALML4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
105311212  CHRM3; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 [KO:K04131]
105311358  [KO:K13899]
111728760  ADRA1B; alpha-1B adrenergic receptor [KO:K04136]
111732406  DMBT1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 protein [KO:K13912]
Compound
C00001  H2O
C00011  CO2
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00288  HCO3-
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00698  Cl-
C00942  3',5'-Cyclic GMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
C01353  Carbonic acid
C01996  Acetylcholine
C13050  Cyclic ADP-ribose
Reference
PMID:16799262
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Cho G, Yuan Z, Skowronski MT, Pan Y, Ishida H
  Title
Water channels and zymogen granules in salivary glands.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Sci 100:495-512 (2006)
DOI:10.1254/jphs.CRJ06007X
Reference
PMID:16712780
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Cho G, Yuan Z, Inoue N, Nakae Y
  Title
Aquaporin-5 water channel in lipid rafts of rat parotid glands.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1758:1053-60 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.03.026
Reference
PMID:10682899
  Authors
Ambudkar IS
  Title
Regulation of calcium in salivary gland secretion.
  Journal
Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 11:4-25 (2000)
DOI:10.1177/10454411000110010301
Reference
PMID:10928320
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Ishida H
  Title
Aquaporin water channel in salivary glands.
  Journal
Jpn J Pharmacol 83:95-101 (2000)
DOI:10.1254/jjp.83.95
Reference
PMID:8105741
  Authors
Baum BJ
  Title
Principles of saliva secretion.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 694:17-23 (1993)
DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18338.x
Reference
PMID:9720759
  Authors
Fujita-Yoshigaki J
  Title
Divergence and convergence in regulated exocytosis: the characteristics of cAMP-dependent enzyme secretion of parotid salivary acinar cells.
  Journal
Cell Signal 10:371-5 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0898-6568(97)00178-2
Reference
PMID:18626068
  Authors
Heitzmann D, Warth R
  Title
Physiology and pathophysiology of potassium channels in gastrointestinal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:1119-82 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00020.2007
Reference
PMID:17157080
  Authors
Proctor GB, Carpenter GH
  Title
Regulation of salivary gland function by autonomic nerves.
  Journal
Auton Neurosci 133:3-18 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.autneu.2006.10.006
Reference
PMID:11936453
  Authors
Turner RJ, Sugiya H
  Title
Understanding salivary fluid and protein secretion.
  Journal
Oral Dis 8:3-11 (2002)
DOI:10.1034/j.1601-0825.2002.10815.x
Reference
PMID:15153696
  Authors
Van Nieuw Amerongen A, Bolscher JG, Veerman EC
  Title
Salivary proteins: protective and diagnostic value in cariology?
  Journal
Caries Res 38:247-53 (2004)
DOI:10.1159/000077762
Reference
PMID:17347411
  Authors
Nakamoto T, Srivastava A, Romanenko VG, Ovitt CE, Perez-Cornejo P, Arreola J, Begenisich T, Melvin JE
  Title
Functional and molecular characterization of the fluid secretion mechanism in human parotid acinar cells.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 292:R2380-90 (2007)
DOI:10.1152/ajpregu.00591.2006
Reference
PMID:15709965
  Authors
Melvin JE, Yule D, Shuttleworth T, Begenisich T
  Title
Regulation of fluid and electrolyte secretion in salivary gland acinar cells.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 67:445-69 (2005)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.67.041703.084745
Reference
PMID:20224180
  Authors
Catalan MA, Nakamoto T, Melvin JE
  Title
The salivary gland fluid secretion mechanism.
  Journal
J Med Invest 56 Suppl:192-6 (2009)
DOI:10.2152/jmi.56.192
Related
pathway
pvp04020  Calcium signaling pathway
pvp04530  Tight junction
pvp04973  Carbohydrate digestion and absorption
KO pathway
ko04970   

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