Entry Name Wnt signaling pathway - Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)
Description Wnt proteins are secreted morphogens that are required for basic developmental processes, such as cell-fate specification, progenitor-cell proliferation and the control of asymmetric cell division, in many different species and organs. There are at least three different Wnt pathways: the canonical pathway, the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway and the Wnt/Ca2+ pathway. In the canonical Wnt pathway, the major effect of Wnt ligand binding to its receptor is the stabilization of cytoplasmic beta-catenin through inhibition of the bea-catenin degradation complex. Beta-catenin is then free to enter the nucleus and activate Wnt-regulated genes through its interaction with TCF (T-cell factor) family transcription factors and concomitant recruitment of coactivators. Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling leads to the activation of the small GTPases RHOA (RAS homologue gene-family member A) and RAC1, which activate the stress kinase JNK (Jun N-terminal kinase) and ROCK (RHO-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1) and leads to remodelling of the cytoskeleton and changes in cell adhesion and motility. WNT-Ca2+ signalling is mediated through G proteins and phospholipases and leads to transient increases in cytoplasmic free calcium that subsequently activate the kinase PKC (protein kinase C) and CAMKII (calcium calmodulin mediated kinase II) and the phosphatase calcineurin.
Class Environmental Information Processing; Signal transductionBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Other DBs Organism Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog) [GN:
xla ]
Gene 100125663 sfrpx.S; secreted frizzled-related protein S homeolog precursor [KO:K02176 ]
100381102 ppp3cc.L; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
100381153 dvl1.L; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02353 ]
100526795 lgr5.L; leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5A precursor [KO:K04308 ]
108695211 nfatc1.S; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04446 ]
108696150 lzts2.L; leucine zipper putative tumor suppressor 2 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K26471 ]
108696257 camk2g.L; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
108698833 daam1.L; disheveled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1-A isoform X1 [KO:K04512 ]
108700426 smad4.2.S; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04501 ]
108700898 nfatc2.L; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X2 [KO:K17332 ]
108702600 nfatc2.S; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17332 ]
108705261 ppp3cc.S; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X2 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
108707032 chd8.S; chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04494 ] [EC:5.6.2.-]
108707035 nfatc4.S; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4 isoform X1 [KO:K17334 ]
108708182 tbl1x.L; F-box-like/WD repeat-containing protein TBL1X [KO:K04508 ]
108712468 apc2.L; adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02085 ]
108712619 skp1.S; S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K03094 ]
108713148 lgr5.S; leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5A-like [KO:K04308 ]
108713818 lgr4.L; leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 4 [KO:K04309 ]
108713974 nfatc3.L; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 isoform X1 [KO:K17333 ]
108714926 chd8.L; chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04494 ] [EC:5.6.2.-]
108715006 nfatc4.L; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4 [KO:K17334 ]
108716399 plcb4.L; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X3 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
108717662 daam2.S; disheveled-associated activator of morphogenesis 2 [KO:K04512 ]
373592 dkk1.S; dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1 S homeolog precursor [KO:K02165 ]
373708 esg2-a; transducin-like enhancer protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04497 ]
373722 lrp5.L; LDL receptor related protein 5 L homeolog precursor [KO:K03068 ]
373826 lrp6.L; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 [KO:K03068 ]
378632 dkk2.L; dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2 L homeolog precursor [KO:K02165 ]
378787 fzd7.L; frizzled class receptor 7 L homeolog [KO:K02432 ]
379326 rhoc.L; ras homolog family member C L homeolog [KO:K04513 ]
379416 rhoa.L; ras homolog family member A L homeolog [KO:K04513 ]
379906 cacybp.S; calcyclin binding protein S homeolog [KO:K04507 ]
380133 rhoa.2.S; ras homolog gene family, member A, gene 2 S homeolog [KO:K04513 ]
380355 sfrp2.S; secreted frizzled-related protein 2 S homeolog precursor [KO:K02176 ]
380388 prkacb.S; protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit beta S homeolog [KO:K04345 ] [EC:2.7.11.11 ]
380508 camk2g.S; calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) II gamma S homeolog [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
380538 skp1.L; S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 [KO:K03094 ]
387605 fzd10.S; frizzled class receptor 10 S homeolog precursor [KO:K02842 ]
394281 tcf7l1.S; transcription factor 7-like 1-B [KO:K04490 ]
394289 rock2.L; Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 L homeolog [KO:K17388 ] [EC:2.7.11.39 ]
394302 sfrp1.L; secreted frizzled-related protein 1 L homeolog precursor [KO:K02166 ]
394401 bambi.L; BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor L homeolog precursor [KO:K10162 ]
397706 wnt4.L; protein Wnt-4 isoform 2 precursor [KO:K00408 ]
397768 ppard.S; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta [KO:K04504 ]
397789 camk2b.L; calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) II beta L homeolog [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
397863 tcf7l1.L; transcription factor 7-like 1-A [KO:K04490 ]
397966 sox17a.L; transcription factor Sox-17-alpha-A [KO:K04495 ]
397967 sox17b.1.S; transcription factor Sox-17-beta.1 [KO:K04495 ]
398072 tle2.L; transducin-like enhancer protein 1 [KO:K04497 ]
398238 lef1.L; lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 L homeolog [KO:K04492 ]
398297 nfatc3.S; nuclear factor of activated T cells 3 S homeolog [KO:K17333 ]
398376 camk2d.L; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II delta chain-like isoform X8 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
398399 ror2.L; receptor tyrosine kinase like orphan receptor 2 L homeolog precursor [KO:K05123 ] [EC:2.7.10.1 ]
398608 tbl1xr1.L; F-box-like/WD repeat-containing protein TBL1XR1-A [KO:K04508 ]
398658 tcf7.S; transcription factor 7 S homeolog [KO:K02620 ]
398765 sox17a.S; transcription factor Sox-17-alpha-B [KO:K04495 ]
399085 frzb.L; frizzled related protein L homeolog precursor [KO:K25481 ]
399114 ctnnbip1.L; catenin beta interacting protein 1 L homeolog [KO:K04493 ]
399160 camk2d.S; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II delta chain [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
399205 sfrp5.L; secreted frizzled-related protein 5 L homeolog precursor [KO:K02222 ]
399301 dvl2.L; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 [KO:K02353 ]
399367 fzd8.S; frizzled class receptor 8 S homeolog precursor [KO:K02375 ]
399375 wif1.S; wnt inhibitory factor 1 precursor [KO:K01691 ]
399379 rac3.S; Rac family small GTPase 3 S homeolog [KO:K04392 ]
399397 tle4.S; transducin-like enhancer protein 4 isoform X2 [KO:K04497 ]
399455 apc.L; adenomatous polyposis coli homolog [KO:K02085 ]
403356 smad4.2.L; SMAD family member 4, gene 2 L homeolog 2 [KO:K04501 ]
432106 ppp3cb.L; protein phosphatase 3, catalytic subunit, beta isozyme L homeolog [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
443650 daam1.S; disheveled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1-A-like isoform X2 [KO:K04512 ]
444184 rac2.L; Rac family small GTPase 2 L homeolog [KO:K07860 ]
444346 nfatc1.L; nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 L homeolog [KO:K04446 ]
444412 serpinf1.L; serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade F (alpha-2 antiplasmin, pigment epithelium derived factor), member 1 L homeolog precursor [KO:K19614 ]
444527 dvl3.L; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3 [KO:K02353 ]
444728 cacybp.L; calcyclin binding protein L homeolog [KO:K04507 ]
445848 plcb4.S; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
446455 ctnnbip1.S; catenin beta interacting protein 1 S homeolog [KO:K04493 ]
447196 ppp3ca.L; protein phosphatase 3, catalytic subunit, alpha isozyme L homeolog [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
447302 bambi.S; BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor S homeolog precursor [KO:K10162 ]
447702 axin2.S; axin 2 (conductin, axil) S homeolog [KO:K04385 ]
494659 sfrp5.S; secreted frizzled-related protein 5 S homeolog precursor [KO:K02222 ]
495007 fzd6.S; frizzled class receptor 6 S homeolog precursor [KO:K02376 ]
594864 dand5.S; DAN domain family member 5 precursor [KO:K01645 ]
733258 plcb1.S; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
734382 rac1.L; Rac family small GTPase 1 L homeolog [KO:K04392 ]
734526 cul1.L; uncharacterized protein LOC734526 [KO:K03347 ]
734910 vangl1.L; VANGL planar cell polarity protein 1 L homeolog [KO:K04510 ]
734948 lgr4.S; leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 S homeolog precursor [KO:K04309 ]
734982 frzb.S; frizzled related protein S homeolog precursor [KO:K25481 ]
779101 lef1.S; lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 S homeolog [KO:K04492 ]
779361 tle1.S; transducin like enhancer of split 1 S homeolog [KO:K04497 ]
779369 tbl1xr1.S; F-box-like/WD repeat-containing protein TBL1XR1-B [KO:K04508 ]
780764 smad4.L; SMAD family member 4, gene 1 L homeolog [KO:K04501 ]
Compound Reference Authors Hatsell S, Rowlands T, Hiremath M, Cowin P.
Title Beta-catenin and Tcfs in mammary development and cancer.
Journal Reference Authors Yang Y.
Title Wnts and wing: Wnt signaling in vertebrate limb development and musculoskeletal morphogenesis.
Journal Reference Authors Kalderon D.
Title Similarities between the Hedgehog and Wnt signaling pathways.
Journal Reference Authors Nusse R.
Title Wnts and Hedgehogs: lipid-modified proteins and similarities in signaling mechanisms at the cell surface.
Journal Reference Authors Jope RS, Johnson GV.
Title The glamour and gloom of glycogen synthase kinase-3.
Journal Reference Authors Veeman MT, Axelrod JD, Moon RT.
Title A second canon. Functions and mechanisms of beta-catenin-independent Wnt signaling.
Journal Reference Authors Sun TQ, Lu B, Feng JJ, Reinhard C, Jan YN, Fantl WJ, Williams LT.
Title PAR-1 is a Dishevelled-associated kinase and a positive regulator of Wnt signalling.
Journal Reference Authors Saito-Diaz K, Chen TW, Wang X, Thorne CA, Wallace HA, Page-McCaw A, Lee E
Title The way Wnt works: Components and mechanism.
Journal Reference Authors Carethers JM
Title Intersection of transforming growth factor-beta and Wnt signaling pathways in colorectal cancer and metastasis.
Journal Reference Authors Lin Z, Gao C, Ning Y, He X, Wu W, Chen YG
Title The pseudoreceptor BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor positively modulates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.
Journal Reference Authors Niehrs C
Title The complex world of WNT receptor signalling.
Journal Reference Authors Abou Ziki MD, Mani A
Title Wnt signaling, a novel pathway regulating blood pressure? State of the art review.
Journal Reference Authors He Y, Ki H, Kim H, Kim K
Title delta-Catenin interacts with LEF-1 and negatively regulates its transcriptional activity.
Journal Reference Authors Esaki N, Enomoto A, Takagishi M, Mizutani Y, Iida T, Ushida K, Shiraki Y, Mii S, Takahashi M
Title The Daple-CK1epsilon complex regulates Dvl2 phosphorylation and canonical Wnt signaling.
Journal Reference Authors Yiew NKH, Chatterjee TK, Tang YL, Pellenberg R, Stansfield BK, Bagi Z, Fulton DJ, Stepp DW, Chen W, Patel V, Kamath VM, Litwin SE, Hui DY, Rudich SM, Kim HW, Weintraub NL
Title A novel role for the Wnt inhibitor APCDD1 in adipocyte differentiation: Implications for diet-induced obesity.
Journal Related KO pathway
