Entry
Name
TGF-beta signaling pathway - Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)
Description
The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family members, which include TGF-betas, activins and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), are structurally related secreted cytokines found in species ranging from worms and insects to mammals. A wide spectrum of cellular functions such as proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and migration are regulated by TGF-beta family members. TGF-beta family member binds to the Type II receptor and recruits Type I, whereby Type II receptor phosphorylates and activates Type I. The Type I receptor, in turn, phosphorylates receptor-activated Smads ( R-Smads: Smad1, Smad2, Smad3, Smad5, and Smad8). Once phosphorylated, R-Smads associate with the co-mediator Smad, Smad4, and the heteromeric complex then translocates into the nucleus. In the nucleus, Smad complexes activate specific genes through cooperative interactions with other DNA-binding and coactivator (or co-repressor) proteins.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog) [GN:
xla ]
Gene
108697874 nbl1.S; neuroblastoma suppressor of tumorigenicity 1-like [KO:K19558 ]
373697 nbl1.L; neuroblastoma suppressor of tumorigenicity 1 precursor [KO:K19558 ]
379508 thbs1.L; thrombospondin 1 L homeolog precursor [KO:K16857 ]
398193 lefty.S; left-right determination factor S homeolog precursor [KO:K04668 ]
373829 lefty.L; left-right determination factor L homeolog precursor [KO:K04668 ]
397873 bmp2.L; bone morphogenetic protein 2-B precursor [KO:K21283 ]
378780 bmp2.S; bone morphogenetic protein 2-A precursor [KO:K21283 ]
100036830 admp2.L; antidorsalizing morphogenetic protein 2 L homeolog precursor [KO:K21283 ]
398053 admp.S; anti-dorsalizing morphogenic protein S homeolog precursor [KO:K21283 ]
397874 bmp4.L; bone morphogenetic protein 4 precursor [KO:K04662 ]
399322 bmp4.S; bone morphogenetic protein 4 precursor [KO:K04662 ]
734440 bmp6.S; bone morphogenetic protein 6 S homeolog precursor [KO:K16620 ]
399280 inhbb.L; inhibin subunit beta B L homeolog precursor [KO:K22687 ]
380560 bmp7.1.L; bone morphogenetic protein 7, gene 1 L homeolog [KO:K16621 ]
379625 bmp7.2.L; bone morphogenetic protein 7 precursor [KO:K16621 ]
446295 gdf5.L; growth differentiation factor 5 L homeolog precursor [KO:K04664 ]
399144 gdf6.S; growth differentiation factor 6 S homeolog precursor [KO:K20012 ]
373820 gdf7.S; growth differentiation factor 7 S homeolog precursor [KO:K20013 ]
108710296 thsd4.L; thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K23377 ]
108712946 thsd4.S; thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K23377 ]
398322 ltbp1.S; latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 1 S homeolog precursor [KO:K19559 ]
108716682 ltbp1.L; latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K19559 ]
397778 tgfb1.L; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein precursor [KO:K13375 ]
108700276 tgfb1.S; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein-like [KO:K13375 ]
373801 tgfb2.L; transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein precursor [KO:K13376 ]
108717706 tgfb2.S; transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein-like isoform X1 [KO:K13376 ]
378661 inhbc.1.L; inhibin subunit beta C L homeolog precursor [KO:K22688 ]
373558 nodal6.L; nodal homolog 6 L homeolog precursor [KO:K04666 ]
373585 nodal5.2.L; nodal homolog 5, gene 2 L homeolog precursor [KO:K04666 ]
734176 nodal6.S; nodal homolog 6 S homeolog precursor [KO:K04666 ]
780748 nodal5.L; nodal homolog 5 L homeolog precursor [KO:K04666 ]
397711 bmpr1a.L; bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1A L homeolog precursor [KO:K04673 ] [EC:2.7.11.30 ]
397712 bmpr1a.S; bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1A S homeolog precursor [KO:K04673 ] [EC:2.7.11.30 ]
380244 rgma.L; repulsive guidance molecule BMP co-receptor a L homeolog precursor [KO:K23096 ]
399295 tgfbr1.S; transforming growth factor beta receptor I S homeolog precursor [KO:K04674 ] [EC:2.7.11.30 ]
380309 emp3.L; epithelial membrane protein 3 L homeolog [KO:K26257 ]
495386 emp3.S; epithelial membrane protein 3 S homeolog [KO:K26257 ]
108710039 lrrc32.1.S; transforming growth factor beta activator LRRC32 [KO:K26316 ]
108707633 lrrc32.1.L; transforming growth factor beta activator LRRC32 [KO:K26316 ]
108698893 lrrc32.2.L; transforming growth factor beta activator LRRC32 [KO:K26316 ]
100158336 nrros.S; negative regulator of reactive oxygen species S homeolog precursor [KO:K26317 ]
108717140 nrros.L; transforming growth factor beta activator LRRC33 [KO:K26317 ]
394401 bambi.L; BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor L homeolog precursor [KO:K10162 ]
447302 bambi.S; BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor S homeolog precursor [KO:K10162 ]
403356 smad4.2.L; SMAD family member 4, gene 2 L homeolog 2 [KO:K04501 ]
780764 smad4.L; SMAD family member 4, gene 1 L homeolog [KO:K04501 ]
108700426 smad4.2.S; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04501 ]
373733 zfyve9.L; zinc finger FYVE-type containing 9 L homeolog [KO:K04679 ]
108707248 zfyve16.S; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 16 isoform X1 [KO:K04679 ]
108717655 zfyve16.L; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 16 isoform X1 [KO:K04679 ]
108715600 zfyve9.S; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 9 [KO:K04679 ]
734526 cul1.L; uncharacterized protein LOC734526 [KO:K03347 ]
380538 skp1.L; S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 [KO:K03094 ]
108712619 skp1.S; S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K03094 ]
379326 rhoc.L; ras homolog family member C L homeolog [KO:K04513 ]
379416 rhoa.L; ras homolog family member A L homeolog [KO:K04513 ]
380133 rhoa.2.S; ras homolog gene family, member A, gene 2 S homeolog [KO:K04513 ]
398563 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform-like [KO:K03456 ]
379827 ppp2r1a.L; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit A, alpha L homeolog [KO:K03456 ]
380100 ppp2r1b.S; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit A, beta S homeolog [KO:K03456 ]
394339 ppp2r1a.S; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit A, alpha S homeolog [KO:K03456 ]
399343 ppp2cb.L; protein phosphatase 2, catalytic subunit, beta isozyme L homeolog [KO:K04382 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
380045 ppp2cal.S; protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit alpha-like S homeolog [KO:K04382 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
108712618 ppp2ca.S; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
447463 id2.S; DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-2-B [KO:K17693 ]
398111 id2.L; DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-2-A [KO:K17693 ]
379222 id3.L; DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-3-A [KO:K17694 ]
379447 id3.S; DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-3-B [KO:K17694 ]
100337509 id4.L; inhibitor of DNA binding 4, HLH protein L homeolog [KO:K17695 ]
380396 id4.S; DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-4 [KO:K17695 ]
494744 tfdp1.L; transcription factor Dp-1 L homeolog [KO:K04683 ]
447406 tfdp1.S; transcription factor Dp-1 S homeolog [KO:K04683 ]
431939 sp1.L; transcription factor Sp1 isoform X2 [KO:K04684 ]
398130 sin3a.S; SIN3 transcription regulator family member A S homeolog [KO:K11644 ]
108707936 ncor1.L; nuclear receptor corepressor 1-like isoform X9 [KO:K04650 ]
380112 tgif1.S; TGFB induced factor homeobox 1 S homeolog [KO:K19383 ]
447470 tgif2.S; TGFB induced factor homeobox 2 S homeolog [KO:K19553 ]
447461 tgif2.L; TGFB induced factor homeobox 2 L homeolog [KO:K19553 ]
779240 cdkn2b.L; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B L homeolog [KO:K04685 ]
398033 pitx2.L; paired like homeodomain 2 L homeolog [KO:K04686 ]
373586 pitx2.S; paired like homeodomain 2 S homeolog [KO:K04686 ]
Compound
Reference
Authors
Shi Y, Massague J.
Title
Mechanisms of TGF-beta signaling from cell membrane to the nucleus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Derynck R, Zhang YE.
Title
Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways in TGF-beta family signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Massague J.
Title
How cells read TGF-beta signals.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Siegel PM, Massague J.
Title
Cytostatic and apoptotic actions of TGF-beta in homeostasis and cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Shimasaki S, Moore RK, Otsuka F, Erickson GF.
Title
The bone morphogenetic protein system in mammalian reproduction.
Journal
Reference
Authors
De Robertis EM, Larrain J, Oelgeschlager M, Wessely O.
Title
The establishment of Spemann's organizer and patterning of the vertebrate embryo.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Gumienny TL, Padgett RW.
Title
The other side of TGF-beta superfamily signal regulation: thinking outside the cell.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hamada H, Meno C, Watanabe D, Saijoh Y.
Title
Establishment of vertebrate left-right asymmetry.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Chang H, Brown CW, Matzuk MM.
Title
Genetic analysis of the mammalian transforming growth factor-beta superfamily.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Morita K, Chow KL, Ueno N.
Title
Regulation of body length and male tail ray pattern formation of Caenorhabditis elegans by a member of TGF-beta family.
Journal
Development 126:1337-47 (1999)
Reference
Authors
Krishna S, Maduzia LL, Padgett RW.
Title
Specificity of TGFbeta signaling is conferred by distinct type I receptors and their associated SMAD proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Journal
Development 126:251-60 (1999)
Reference
Authors
Chen Y, Mironova E, Whitaker LL, Edwards L, Yost HJ, Ramsdell AF.
Title
ALK4 functions as a receptor for multiple TGF beta-related ligands to regulate left-right axis determination and mesoderm induction in Xenopus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Onichtchouk D, Chen YG, Dosch R, Gawantka V, Delius H, Massague J, Niehrs C
Title
Silencing of TGF-beta signalling by the pseudoreceptor BAMBI.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yan X, Lin Z, Chen F, Zhao X, Chen H, Ning Y, Chen YG
Title
Human BAMBI cooperates with Smad7 to inhibit transforming growth factor-beta signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hildebrand A, Romaris M, Rasmussen LM, Heinegard D, Twardzik DR, Border WA, Ruoslahti E
Title
Interaction of the small interstitial proteoglycans biglycan, decorin and fibromodulin with transforming growth factor beta.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Soo C, Hu FY, Zhang X, Wang Y, Beanes SR, Lorenz HP, Hedrick MH, Mackool RJ, Plaas A, Kim SJ, Longaker MT, Freymiller E, Ting K
Title
Differential expression of fibromodulin, a transforming growth factor-beta modulator, in fetal skin development and scarless repair.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Anderson GJ, Frazer DM
Title
Iron metabolism meets signal transduction.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Canali S, Core AB, Zumbrennen-Bullough KB, Merkulova M, Wang CY, Schneyer AL, Pietrangelo A, Babitt JL
Title
Activin B Induces Noncanonical SMAD1/5/8 Signaling via BMP Type I Receptors in Hepatocytes: Evidence for a Role in Hepcidin Induction by Inflammation in Male Mice.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ganz T, Nemeth E
Title
Iron homeostasis in host defence and inflammation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Babitt JL, Zhang Y, Samad TA, Xia Y, Tang J, Campagna JA, Schneyer AL, Woolf CJ, Lin HY
Title
Repulsive guidance molecule (RGMa), a DRAGON homologue, is a bone morphogenetic protein co-receptor.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Samad TA, Rebbapragada A, Bell E, Zhang Y, Sidis Y, Jeong SJ, Campagna JA, Perusini S, Fabrizio DA, Schneyer AL, Lin HY, Brivanlou AH, Attisano L, Woolf CJ
Title
DRAGON, a bone morphogenetic protein co-receptor.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vogt AS, Arsiwala T, Mohsen M, Vogel M, Manolova V, Bachmann MF
Title
On Iron Metabolism and Its Regulation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ikushima H, Miyazono K
Title
TGFbeta signalling: a complex web in cancer progression.
Journal
Related pathway
KO pathway
LinkDB
All DBs