Entry
Name
Endocytosis - Aquarana catesbeiana (American bullfrog)
Description
Endocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins entering through clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) have sequences in their cytoplasmic domains that bind to the APs (adaptor-related protein complexes) and enable their rapid removal from the PM. In addition to APs and clathrin, there are numerous accessory proteins including dynamin. Depending on the various proteins that enter the endosome membrane, these cargoes are sorted to distinct destinations. Some cargoes, such as nutrient receptors, are recycled back to the PM. Ubiquitylated membrane proteins, such as activated growth-factor receptors, are sorted into intraluminal vesicles and eventually end up in the lysosome lumen via multivesicular endosomes (MVEs). There are distinct mechanisms of clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) depending upon the cargo and the cell type.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Other DBs
Organism
Aquarana catesbeiana (American bullfrog) [GN:
acat ]
Gene
141102933 ARPC4; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05755 ]
141103133 IQSEC1; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
141103167 IL2RB; interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K05069 ]
141103270 EPS15L1; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15-like 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12472 ]
141103679 EPS15; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15 isoform X1 [KO:K12472 ]
141106069 RUFY2; RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12482 ]
141106074 VPS26A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26A [KO:K18466 ]
141106138 PSD; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
141106143 GBF1; Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18443 ]
141107457 PSD3; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
141108615 IQSEC2; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
141111020 ACAP3; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12489 ]
141111241 CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04393 ]
141111311 VPS26B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26B [KO:K18466 ]
141112017 ARFGAP2; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12493 ]
141112760 VPS35; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 [KO:K18468 ]
141113556 HGS; hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate isoform X1 [KO:K12182 ]
141113566 VPS25; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 25 [KO:K12189 ]
141113581 ARFGEF2; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K18442 ]
141113805 RAB11FIP4; rab11 family-interacting protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K12485 ]
141114026 ARFGAP1; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12492 ]
141114362 WIPF2; WAS/WASL-interacting protein family member 2 isoform X1 [KO:K19475 ]
141114429 VPS37A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37A [KO:K12185 ]
141116553 ARAP2; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K18440 ]
141117465 VPS45; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 45 [KO:K12479 ]
141121514 ASAP2; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12488 ]
141126667 ARAP1; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18439 ]
141127080 VPS36; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36 [KO:K12190 ]
141127384 AGAP2; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17848 ]
141128002 RABEP1; rab GTPase-binding effector protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12480 ]
141128241 SMAP2; stromal membrane-associated protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12486 ]
141128260 LDLRAP1; low density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1 [KO:K12474 ]
141128869 SH3KBP1; SH3 domain-containing kinase-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12470 ]
141128919 VPS37D; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37D [KO:K12185 ]
141129175 CHMP2B; charged multivesicular body protein 2b isoform X1 [KO:K12192 ]
141131189 RAB11FIP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: rab11 family-interacting protein 1 [KO:K12484 ]
141131729 SMAD2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04500 ]
141131936 WASL; actin nucleation-promoting factor WASL isoform X1 [KO:K23612 ]
141132394 RUFY1; RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12482 ]
141132503 ARAP3; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12490 ]
141132792 IQSEC3; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
141132813 ARFGAP3; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12493 ]
141133138 CHMP7; charged multivesicular body protein 7 isoform X1 [KO:K15053 ]
141133888 ACAP1; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12489 ]
141135430 ZFYVE16; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 16 [KO:K04679 ]
141139137 RAB10; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ras-related protein Rab-10 [KO:K07903 ]
141139825 ACAP2; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12489 ]
141139851 VPS29; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 29 [KO:K18467 ]
141140026 SMAP1; stromal membrane-associated protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12486 ]
141140375 VPS37B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37B [KO:K12185 ]
141140541 VTA1; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein VTA1 homolog [KO:K12199 ]
141140616 IGF2R; cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor [KO:K06564 ]
141144245 STAM; signal transducing adapter molecule 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04705 ]
141145247 ARFGEF1; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 1 [KO:K18442 ]
141145506 ASAP1; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12488 ]
141145725 AGAP3; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12491 ]
141146651 ARPC1A; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1A isoform X1 [KO:K05757 ]
141146883 AGAP1; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12491 ]
141147240 BIN1; myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12562 ]
Compound
C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C11556 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Acconcia F, Sigismund S, Polo S
Title
Ubiquitin in trafficking: the network at work.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Donaldson JG, Porat-Shliom N, Cohen LA
Title
Clathrin-independent endocytosis: a unique platform for cell signaling and PM remodeling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sorkin A
Title
Cargo recognition during clathrin-mediated endocytosis: a team effort.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Raiborg C, Stenmark H
Title
The ESCRT machinery in endosomal sorting of ubiquitylated membrane proteins.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Scita G, Di Fiore PP
Title
The endocytic matrix.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Le Roy C, Wrana JL
Title
Clathrin- and non-clathrin-mediated endocytic regulation of cell signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jovic M, Sharma M, Rahajeng J, Caplan S
Title
The early endosome: a busy sorting station for proteins at the crossroads.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pietiainen VM, Marjomaki V, Heino J, Hyypia T
Title
Viral entry, lipid rafts and caveosomes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Grant BD, Donaldson JG
Title
Pathways and mechanisms of endocytic recycling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cullen PJ, Korswagen HC
Title
Sorting nexins provide diversity for retromer-dependent trafficking events.
Journal
Related pathway
acat04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
acat04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
acat04130 SNARE interactions in vesicular transport
KO pathway