KEGG   PATHWAY: ko04714
Entry
ko04714                     Pathway                                
Name
Thermogenesis
Description
Thermogenesis is essential for warm-blooded animals, ensuring normal cellular and physiological function under conditions of environmental challenge. Thermogenesis in brown and beige adipose tissue is mainly controlled by norepinephrine, which is released from sympathetic nervous system in response to cold or dietary stimuli. The mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is responsible for the process whereby chemical energy is converted into heat in these adipocytes. Activation of these adipocytes leads to an increase in calorie consumption and is expected to improve overweight conditions, providing a potential strategy for treating obesity and its related metabolic disorders.
Class
Organismal Systems; Environmental adaptation
Pathway map
ko04714  Thermogenesis
ko04714

Other DBs
GO: 1990845
Orthology
K00234  SDHA, SDH1; succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein subunit [EC:1.3.5.1]
K00235  SDHB, SDH2; succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) iron-sulfur subunit [EC:1.3.5.1]
K00236  SDHC, SDH3; succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) cytochrome b560 subunit
K00237  SDHD, SDH4; succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) membrane anchor subunit
K00411  UQCRFS1, RIP1, petA; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase iron-sulfur subunit [EC:7.1.1.8]
K00412  CYTB, petB; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase cytochrome b subunit
K00413  CYC1, CYT1, petC; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase cytochrome c1 subunit
K00414  QCR1, UQCRC1; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core subunit 1
K00415  QCR2, UQCRC2; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core subunit 2
K00416  QCR6, UQCRH; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase subunit 6
K00417  QCR7, UQCRB; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase subunit 7
K00418  QCR8, UQCRQ; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase subunit 8
K00419  QCR9, UCRC; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase subunit 9
K00420  QCR10, UQCR; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase subunit 10
K01054  MGLL; acylglycerol lipase [EC:3.1.1.23]
K01897  ACSL, fadD; long-chain-fatty-acid---CoA ligase [EC:6.2.1.3]
K02125  ATPeF08, MTATP8, ATP8; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit 8
K02126  ATPeF0A, MTATP6, ATP6; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit a
K02127  ATPeF0B, ATP5F1, ATP4; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit b
K02128  ATPeF0C, ATP5G, ATP9; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit c
K02129  ATPeF0E, ATP5I; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit e
K02130  ATPeF0F, ATP5J2; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit f
K02131  ATPeF0F6, ATP5J; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit 6
K02132  ATPeF1A, ATP5A1, ATP1; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit alpha
K02133  ATPeF1B, ATP5B, ATP2; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit beta [EC:7.1.2.2]
K02134  ATPeF1D, ATP5D, ATP16; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit delta
K02135  ATPeF1E, ATP5E, ATP15; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit epsilon
K02136  ATPeF1G, ATP5C1, ATP3; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit gamma
K02137  ATPeF0O, ATP5O, ATP5; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit O
K02138  ATPeF0D, ATP5H, ATP7; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit d
K02140  ATPeFG, ATP5L, ATP20; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit g
K02256  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 [EC:7.1.1.9]
K02257  COX10, ctaB, cyoE; heme o synthase [EC:2.5.1.141]
K02258  COX11, ctaG; cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein subunit 11
K02259  COX15, ctaA; heme a synthase [EC:1.17.99.9]
K02260  COX17; cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein subunit 17
K02261  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2
K02262  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3
K02263  COX4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4
K02264  COX5A; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5a
K02265  COX5B; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5b
K02266  COX6A; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6a
K02267  COX6B; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6b
K02268  COX6C; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6c
K02270  COX7A; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7a
K02271  COX7B; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7b
K02272  COX7C; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7c
K02273  COX8; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8
K02833  HRAS; GTPase HRas
K02991  RP-S6e, RPS6; small subunit ribosomal protein S6e
K03099  SOS; son of sevenless
K03878  ND1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1 [EC:7.1.1.2]
K03879  ND2; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 2 [EC:7.1.1.2]
K03880  ND3; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 3 [EC:7.1.1.2]
K03881  ND4; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4 [EC:7.1.1.2]
K03882  ND4L; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4L [EC:7.1.1.2]
K03883  ND5; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 5 [EC:7.1.1.2]
K03884  ND6; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 6 [EC:7.1.1.2]
K03934  NDUFS1; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 1 [EC:7.1.1.2]
K03935  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 2 [EC:7.1.1.2]
K03936  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 3 [EC:7.1.1.2]
K03937  NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 4
K03938  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 5
K03939  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 6
K03940  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 7 [EC:7.1.1.2]
K03941  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 8 [EC:7.1.1.2]
K03942  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 1 [EC:7.1.1.2]
K03943  NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 2 [EC:7.1.1.2]
K03944  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 3
K03945  NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1
K03946  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2
K03947  NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3
K03948  NDUFA4; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4
K03949  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5
K03950  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6
K03951  NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7
K03952  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8
K03953  NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9
K03954  NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10
K03955  NDUFAB1; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha/beta subcomplex 1, acyl-carrier protein
K03956  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11
K03957  NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1
K03958  NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2
K03959  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3
K03960  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4
K03961  NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5
K03962  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6
K03963  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7
K03964  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8
K03965  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9
K03966  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10
K03967  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 subunit C1
K03968  NDUFC2; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 subunit C2
K04143  ADRB3; adrenergic receptor beta-3
K04277  CNR1; cannabinoid receptor 1
K04345  PKA; protein kinase A [EC:2.7.11.11]
K04362  FGFR1, CD331; fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 [EC:2.7.10.1]
K04364  GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2
K04373  RPS6KA; ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1/2/3/6 [EC:2.7.11.1]
K04426  MAP3K5, ASK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [EC:2.7.11.25]
K04432  MAP2K3, MKK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 [EC:2.7.12.2]
K04441  P38; p38 MAP kinase [EC:2.7.11.24]
K04450  ATF2, CREBP1; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2
K04632  GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha
K04688  RPS6KB; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta [EC:2.7.11.1]
K05259  GCG; glucagon
K05692  ACTB_G1; actin beta/gamma 1
K05870  CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1
K07188  LIPE, HSL; hormone-sensitive lipase [EC:3.1.1.79]
K07198  PRKAA, AMPK; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase, catalytic alpha subunit [EC:2.7.11.31]
K07199  PRKAB; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase, regulatory beta subunit
K07200  PRKAG; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase, regulatory gamma subunit
K07202  PPARGC1A, PGC1A; alpha peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
K07203  MTOR, FRAP, TOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [EC:2.7.11.1]
K07204  RAPTOR; regulatory associated protein of mTOR
K07206  TSC1; tuberous sclerosis 1
K07207  TSC2; tuberous sclerosis 2
K07208  RHEB; Ras homolog enriched in brain
K07376  PRKG1; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 [EC:2.7.11.12]
K07827  KRAS, KRAS2; GTPase KRas
K07828  NRAS; GTPase NRas
K08041  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase 1 [EC:4.6.1.1]
K08042  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase 2 [EC:4.6.1.1]
K08043  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase 3 [EC:4.6.1.1]
K08044  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase 4 [EC:4.6.1.1]
K08045  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase 5 [EC:4.6.1.1]
K08046  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase 6 [EC:4.6.1.1]
K08047  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase 7 [EC:4.6.1.1]
K08048  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase 8 [EC:4.6.1.1]
K08049  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase 9 [EC:4.6.1.1]
K08266  MLST8, GBL; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8
K08530  NR1C3, PPARG; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
K08765  CPT1A; carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, liver isoform [EC:2.3.1.21]
K08766  CPT2; carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2 [EC:2.3.1.21]
K08768  PLIN1; perilipin-1
K08769  UCP1, SLC25A7; solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial uncoupling protein), member 7
K09008  NDUFAF3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 3
K09047  CREB5, CREBPA; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5
K09048  CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3
K11265  ADCY10; adenylate cyclase 10 [EC:4.6.1.1]
K11340  ACTL6A, INO80K; actin-like protein 6A
K11351  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11
K11352  NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12
K11353  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13
K11416  SIRT6, SIR2L6; NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin 6 [EC:2.3.1.286]
K11450  KDM1A, AOF2, LSD1; [histone H3]-N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine4 FAD-dependent demethylase [EC:1.14.99.66]
K11647  SMARCA2_4; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A member 2/4 [EC:5.6.2.-]
K11648  SMARCB1, SNF5, INI1; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1
K11649  SMARCC; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily C
K11650  SMARCD; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D
K11651  SMARCE1; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily E member 1
K11652  ACTL6B; actin-like protein 6B
K11653  ARID1; AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1
K12323  ANPRA, NPR1; atrial natriuretic peptide receptor A [EC:4.6.1.2]
K12334  NPPA; natriuretic peptide A
K12335  NPPB; natriuretic peptide B
K12461  FRS2; fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2
K15109  SLC25A20, CACT, CAC, CRC1; solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine transporter), member 20
K15601  KDM3; [histone H3]-dimethyl-L-lysine9 demethylase [EC:1.14.11.65]
K16184  AKT1S1, PRAS40; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1
K16622  BMP8; bone morphogenetic protein 8
K16816  PNPLA2, ATGL; patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 [EC:3.1.1.3]
K17797  COX18; mitochondrial inner membrane protein COX18
K18159  NDUFAF1, CIA30; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 1
K18160  NDUFAF2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 2
K18161  NDUFAF4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 4
K18162  NDUFAF5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 5 [EC:2.1.1.-]
K18163  NDUFAF6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 6
K18164  NDUFAF7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 7
K18173  COA1; cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 1
K18175  CCDC56, COA3; cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 3, animal type
K18177  COA4; cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 4
K18178  COA5, PET191; cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 5
K18179  COA6; cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 6
K18180  COA7, SELRC1, RESA1; cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 7
K18181  COX14; cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 14
K18182  COX16; cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein subunit 16
K18183  COX19; cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein subunit 19
K18184  COX20; cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein subunit 20
K19477  PRKG2; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 2 [EC:2.7.11.12]
K19523  CPT1B; carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform [EC:2.3.1.21]
K19524  CPT1C; carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, brain isoform [EC:2.3.1.21]
K22198  DPF1_3; zinc finger protein neuro-d4/cer-d4
K22404  KLB; beta-klotho
K22410  PRDM16; [histone H3]-lysine9 N-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.367]
K22411  ZNF516; zinc finger protein 516
K22429  FGF21; fibroblast growth factor 21
K24726  NDUFAF8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 8
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00004  NADH
C00008  ADP
C00010  CoA
C00024  Acetyl-CoA
C00040  Acyl-CoA
C00080  H+
C00116  Glycerol
C00162  Fatty acid
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00318  L-Carnitine
C00422  Triacylglycerol
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00745  Nicotine
C00942  3',5'-Cyclic GMP
C00951  Estradiol-17beta
C01352  FADH2
C01885  1-Acylglycerol
C02301  O-Acylcarnitine
C02465  Triiodothyronine
C11695  Anandamide
C13856  2-Arachidonoylglycerol
Reference
PMID:27251423
  Authors
Inagaki T, Sakai J, Kajimura S
  Title
Transcriptional and epigenetic control of brown and beige adipose cell fate and function.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 17:480-95 (2016)
DOI:10.1038/nrm.2016.62
Reference
PMID:24100998
  Authors
Harms M, Seale P
  Title
Brown and beige fat: development, function and therapeutic potential.
  Journal
Nat Med 19:1252-63 (2013)
DOI:10.1038/nm.3361
Reference
PMID:25154875
  Authors
Boon MR, Kooijman S, van Dam AD, Pelgrom LR, Berbee JF, Visseren CA, van Aggele RC, van den Hoek AM, Sips HC, Lombes M, Havekes LM, Tamsma JT, Guigas B, Meijer OC, Jukema JW, Rensen PC
  Title
Peripheral cannabinoid 1 receptor blockade activates brown adipose tissue and diminishes dyslipidemia and obesity.
  Journal
FASEB J 28:5361-75 (2014)
DOI:10.1096/fj.13-247643
Reference
PMID:26201764
  Authors
Merlin J, Evans BA, Dehvari N, Sato M, Bengtsson T, Hutchinson DS
  Title
Could burning fat start with a brite spark? Pharmacological and nutritional ways to promote thermogenesis.
  Journal
Mol Nutr Food Res 60:18-42 (2016)
DOI:10.1002/mnfr.201500251
Reference
PMID:26271143
  Authors
van Dam AD, Kooijman S, Schilperoort M, Rensen PC, Boon MR
  Title
Regulation of brown fat by AMP-activated protein kinase.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 21:571-9 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2015.07.003
Reference
PMID:26482876
  Authors
Kooijman S, van den Heuvel JK, Rensen PC
  Title
Neuronal Control of Brown Fat Activity.
  Journal
Trends Endocrinol Metab 26:657-68 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.tem.2015.09.008
Reference
PMID:28448947
  Authors
Contreras C, Nogueiras R, Dieguez C, Rahmouni K, Lopez M
  Title
Traveling from the hypothalamus to the adipose tissue: The thermogenic pathway.
  Journal
Redox Biol 12:854-863 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.redox.2017.04.019
Reference
PMID:24872083
  Authors
Fruhbeck G, Mendez-Gimenez L, Fernandez-Formoso JA, Fernandez S, Rodriguez A
  Title
Regulation of adipocyte lipolysis.
  Journal
Nutr Res Rev 27:63-93 (2014)
DOI:10.1017/S095442241400002X
Reference
PMID:15545214
  Authors
Tansey JT, Sztalryd C, Hlavin EM, Kimmel AR, Londos C
  Title
The central role of perilipin a in lipid metabolism and adipocyte lipolysis.
  Journal
IUBMB Life 56:379-85 (2004)
DOI:10.1080/15216540400009968
Reference
PMID:20935662
  Authors
Collins S, Yehuda-Shnaidman E, Wang H
  Title
Positive and negative control of Ucp1 gene transcription and the role of beta-adrenergic signaling networks.
  Journal
Int J Obes (Lond) 34 Suppl 1:S28-33 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/ijo.2010.180
Reference
PMID:15964803
  Authors
Robidoux J, Cao W, Quan H, Daniel KW, Moukdar F, Bai X, Floering LM, Collins S
  Title
Selective activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase 3 and p38alpha MAP kinase is essential for cyclic AMP-dependent UCP1 expression in adipocytes.
  Journal
Mol Cell Biol 25:5466-79 (2005)
DOI:10.1128/MCB.25.13.5466-5479.2005
Reference
PMID:27045525
  Authors
Hattori K, Naguro I, Okabe K, Funatsu T, Furutani S, Takeda K, Ichijo H
  Title
ASK1 signalling regulates brown and beige adipocyte function.
  Journal
Nat Commun 7:11158 (2016)
DOI:10.1038/ncomms11158
Reference
PMID:25948511
  Authors
Abe Y, Rozqie R, Matsumura Y, Kawamura T, Nakaki R, Tsurutani Y, Tanimura-Inagaki K, Shiono A, Magoori K, Nakamura K, Ogi S, Kajimura S, Kimura H, Tanaka T, Fukami K, Osborne TF, Kodama T, Aburatani H, Inagaki T, Sakai J
  Title
JMJD1A is a signal-sensing scaffold that regulates acute chromatin dynamics via SWI/SNF association for thermogenesis.
  Journal
Nat Commun 6:7052 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/ncomms8052
Reference
PMID:25578880
  Authors
Dempersmier J, Sambeat A, Gulyaeva O, Paul SM, Hudak CS, Raposo HF, Kwan HY, Kang C, Wong RH, Sul HS
  Title
Cold-inducible Zfp516 activates UCP1 transcription to promote browning of white fat and development of brown fat.
  Journal
Mol Cell 57:235-46 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.molcel.2014.12.005
Reference
PMID:27264172
  Authors
Sambeat A, Gulyaeva O, Dempersmier J, Tharp KM, Stahl A, Paul SM, Sul HS
  Title
LSD1 Interacts with Zfp516 to Promote UCP1 Transcription and Brown Fat Program.
  Journal
Cell Rep 15:2536-49 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.019
Reference
PMID:27693079
  Authors
Villarroya F, Peyrou M, Giralt M
  Title
Transcriptional regulation of the uncoupling protein-1 gene.
  Journal
Biochimie 134:86-92 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.biochi.2016.09.017
Reference
PMID:15024092
  Authors
Cao W, Daniel KW, Robidoux J, Puigserver P, Medvedev AV, Bai X, Floering LM, Spiegelman BM, Collins S
  Title
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is the central regulator of cyclic AMP-dependent transcription of the brown fat uncoupling protein 1 gene.
  Journal
Mol Cell Biol 24:3057-67 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/MCB.24.7.3057-3067.2004
Reference
PMID:21317437
  Authors
Hondares E, Iglesias R, Giralt A, Gonzalez FJ, Giralt M, Mampel T, Villarroya F
  Title
Thermogenic activation induces FGF21 expression and release in brown adipose tissue.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 286:12983-90 (2011)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M110.215889
Reference
PMID:28723567
  Authors
Yao L, Cui X, Chen Q, Yang X, Fang F, Zhang J, Liu G, Jin W, Chang Y
  Title
Cold-Inducible SIRT6 Regulates Thermogenesis of Brown and Beige Fat.
  Journal
Cell Rep 20:641-654 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.069
Reference
PMID:27794497
  Authors
Klingenberg M
  Title
UCP1 - A sophisticated energy valve.
  Journal
Biochimie 134:19-27 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.biochi.2016.10.012
Reference
PMID:27984203
  Authors
Bertholet AM, Kirichok Y
  Title
UCP1: A transporter for H(+) and fatty acid anions.
  Journal
Biochimie 134:28-34 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.biochi.2016.10.013
Reference
PMID:29052591
  Authors
Betz MJ, Enerback S
  Title
Targeting thermogenesis in brown fat and muscle to treat obesity and metabolic disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Endocrinol 14:77-87 (2018)
DOI:10.1038/nrendo.2017.132
Reference
PMID:20514071
  Authors
Tseng YH, Cypess AM, Kahn CR
  Title
Cellular bioenergetics as a target for obesity therapy.
  Journal
Nat Rev Drug Discov 9:465-82 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/nrd3138
Reference
PMID:25390014
  Authors
Fenzl A, Kiefer FW
  Title
Brown adipose tissue and thermogenesis.
  Journal
Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 19:25-37 (2014)
DOI:10.1515/hmbci-2014-0022
Reference
PMID:27681418
  Authors
Minard AY, Tan SX, Yang P, Fazakerley DJ, Domanova W, Parker BL, Humphrey SJ, Jothi R, Stockli J, James DE
  Title
mTORC1 Is a Major Regulatory Node in the FGF21 Signaling Network in Adipocytes.
  Journal
Cell Rep 17:29-36 (2016)
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PMID:22302939
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Fisher FM, Kleiner S, Douris N, Fox EC, Mepani RJ, Verdeguer F, Wu J, Kharitonenkov A, Flier JS, Maratos-Flier E, Spiegelman BM
  Title
FGF21 regulates PGC-1alpha and browning of white adipose tissues in adaptive thermogenesis.
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Genes Dev 26:271-81 (2012)
DOI:10.1101/gad.177857.111
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PMID:24820868
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Zois NE, Bartels ED, Hunter I, Kousholt BS, Olsen LH, Goetze JP
  Title
Natriuretic peptides in cardiometabolic regulation and disease.
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Nat Rev Cardiol 11:403-12 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/nrcardio.2014.64
Reference
PMID:22020112
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Indiveri C, Iacobazzi V, Tonazzi A, Giangregorio N, Infantino V, Convertini P, Console L, Palmieri F
  Title
The mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier: function, structure and physiopathology.
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Mol Aspects Med 32:223-33 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.mam.2011.10.008
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PMID:26303601
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McCoin CS, Knotts TA, Adams SH
  Title
Acylcarnitines--old actors auditioning for new roles in metabolic physiology.
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Nat Rev Endocrinol 11:617-25 (2015)
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PMID:28955734
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Ohtomo T, Ino K, Miyashita R, Chigira M, Nakamura M, Someya K, Inaba N, Fujita M, Takagi M, Yamada J
  Title
Chronic high-fat feeding impairs adaptive induction of mitochondrial fatty acid combustion-associated proteins in brown adipose tissue of mice.
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Biochem Biophys Rep 10:32-38 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.02.002
Related
pathway
ko00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
ko00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
ko04010  MAPK signaling pathway
ko04022  cGMP-PKG signaling pathway
ko04024  cAMP signaling pathway
ko04150  mTOR signaling pathway
ko04923  Regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes

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