Entry
Name
Endocytosis - Mirounga leonina (Southern elephant seal)
Description
Endocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins entering through clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) have sequences in their cytoplasmic domains that bind to the APs (adaptor-related protein complexes) and enable their rapid removal from the PM. In addition to APs and clathrin, there are numerous accessory proteins including dynamin. Depending on the various proteins that enter the endosome membrane, these cargoes are sorted to distinct destinations. Some cargoes, such as nutrient receptors, are recycled back to the PM. Ubiquitylated membrane proteins, such as activated growth-factor receptors, are sorted into intraluminal vesicles and eventually end up in the lysosome lumen via multivesicular endosomes (MVEs). There are distinct mechanisms of clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) depending upon the cargo and the cell type.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Other DBs
Organism
Mirounga leonina (Southern elephant seal) [GN:
mlx ]
Gene
117997828 IQSEC2; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
117998599 ARFGAP3; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 3 [KO:K12493 ]
117999201 VPS37D; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37D [KO:K12185 ]
117999945 RABEP1; rab GTPase-binding effector protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12480 ]
118000002 ACAP1; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12489 ]
118000288 VPS45; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 45 isoform X1 [KO:K12479 ]
118000934 VTA1; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein VTA1 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K12199 ]
118001246 SMAP1; stromal membrane-associated protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12486 ]
118001546 PDCD6IP; programmed cell death 6-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K12200 ]
118003380 CHMP4A; charged multivesicular body protein 4a isoform X1 [KO:K12194 ]
118003430 SMAD3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 isoform X1 [KO:K23605 ]
118004289 ARAP1; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18439 ]
118004611 SMAD2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04500 ]
118004776 VPS4B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B [KO:K12196 ]
118005272 IQSEC1; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
118005729 EPS15L1; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15-like 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12472 ]
118006961 ACAP2; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12489 ]
118007461 SH3KBP1; SH3 domain-containing kinase-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12470 ]
118007875 PSD4; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
118007978 RAB11FIP5; rab11 family-interacting protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K12484 ]
118008657 AGAP2; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17848 ]
118009474 VPS36; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36 isoform X1 [KO:K12190 ]
118009970 RAB11FIP1; rab11 family-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12484 ]
118010032 VPS37A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37A isoform X1 [KO:K12185 ]
118010632 ARAP2; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K18440 ]
118011914 AGAP1; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12491 ]
118012312 WIPF1; WAS/WASL-interacting protein family member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K19475 ]
118012446 STAM2; signal transducing adapter molecule 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04705 ]
118012565 BIN1; myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12562 ]
118013412 VPS26B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26B [KO:K18466 ]
118013784 HSPA6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heat shock 70 kDa protein 6 [KO:K03283 ]
118014895 ARFGEF1; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18442 ]
118015218 ASAP1; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12488 ]
118015319 VPS28; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 28 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K12184 ]
118015821 ARFGAP2; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12493 ]
118015908 VPS37C; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37C [KO:K12185 ]
118016745 ARAP3; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12490 ]
118016947 ZFYVE16; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 16 isoform X1 [KO:K04679 ]
118017688 ARPC5L; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5-like protein [KO:K05754 ]
118018409 VPS37B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37B [KO:K12185 ]
118018453 ARPC3; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05756 ]
118018460 VPS29; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 29 isoform X1 [KO:K18467 ]
118018996 CAPZA1; F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K10364 ]
118019312 DNAJC6; putative tyrosine-protein phosphatase auxilin isoform X1 [KO:K09526 ]
118019410 ZFYVE9; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04679 ]
118019420 EPS15; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15 isoform X1 [KO:K12472 ]
118019568 SMAP2; stromal membrane-associated protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12486 ]
118019860 LDLRAP1; low density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12474 ]
118019897 ASAP3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12488 ]
118019913 CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04393 ]
118019936 CAPZB; F-actin-capping protein subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K10365 ]
118020130 ACAP3; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12489 ]
118021011 CAPZA2; F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K10364 ]
118021527 STAM; signal transducing adapter molecule 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04705 ]
118021658 RAB11FIP3; rab11 family-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12485 ]
118022089 CHMP7; charged multivesicular body protein 7 isoform X1 [KO:K15053 ]
118023625 VPS4A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4A isoform X1 [KO:K12196 ]
118023665 PARD6A; partitioning defective 6 homolog alpha isoform X1 [KO:K06093 ]
118023829 VPS35; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 [KO:K18468 ]
118023945 ARFGEF2; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K18442 ]
118024047 ARFGAP1; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12492 ]
118024168 HGS; hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate isoform X1 [KO:K12182 ]
118024185 CHMP6; charged multivesicular body protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K12195 ]
118024933 VPS25; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 25 isoform X1 [KO:K12189 ]
118025312 RAB11FIP4; rab11 family-interacting protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K12485 ]
118025457 GBF1; Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18443 ]
118025500 IQSEC3; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
118025520 PSD; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
118026804 AGAP3; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12491 ]
Compound
C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C11556 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Acconcia F, Sigismund S, Polo S
Title
Ubiquitin in trafficking: the network at work.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Donaldson JG, Porat-Shliom N, Cohen LA
Title
Clathrin-independent endocytosis: a unique platform for cell signaling and PM remodeling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sorkin A
Title
Cargo recognition during clathrin-mediated endocytosis: a team effort.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Raiborg C, Stenmark H
Title
The ESCRT machinery in endosomal sorting of ubiquitylated membrane proteins.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Scita G, Di Fiore PP
Title
The endocytic matrix.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Le Roy C, Wrana JL
Title
Clathrin- and non-clathrin-mediated endocytic regulation of cell signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jovic M, Sharma M, Rahajeng J, Caplan S
Title
The early endosome: a busy sorting station for proteins at the crossroads.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pietiainen VM, Marjomaki V, Heino J, Hyypia T
Title
Viral entry, lipid rafts and caveosomes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Grant BD, Donaldson JG
Title
Pathways and mechanisms of endocytic recycling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cullen PJ, Korswagen HC
Title
Sorting nexins provide diversity for retromer-dependent trafficking events.
Journal
Related pathway
mlx04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
mlx04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
mlx04130 SNARE interactions in vesicular transport
KO pathway