Entry Name Glutamatergic synapse - Molossus molossus (Pallas's mastiff bat)
Description Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system(CNS). Glutamate is packaged into synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal. Once released into the synaptic cleft, glutamate acts on postsynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) to mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission. Glutamate can also act on metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and exert a variety of modulatory effects through their coupling to G proteins and the subsequent recruitment of second messenger systems. Presynaptically localized Group II and Group III mGluRs are thought to represent the classical inhibitory autoreceptor mechanism that suppresses excess glutamate release. After its action on these receptors, glutamate can be removed from the synaptic cleft by EAATs located either on the presynaptic terminal, neighboring glial cells, or the postsynaptic neuron. In glia, glutamate is converted to glutamine, which is then transported back to the presynaptic terminal and converted back to glutamate.
Class Organismal Systems; Nervous systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Other DBs Organism Molossus molossus (Pallas's mastiff bat) [GN:
mmf ]
Gene 118615449 CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A isoform X1 [KO:K04344 ]
118615888 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
118616113 GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347 ]
118616885 GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538 ]
118617139 TRPC1; short transient receptor potential channel 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04964 ]
118617165 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04539 ]
118617222 GRIK1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05201 ]
118618303 GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X1 [KO:K04632 ]
118618968 LZTS3; leucine zipper putative tumor suppressor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K26472 ]
118619968 GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
118620007 GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548 ]
118620140 GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
118621033 GRIK2; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05202 ]
118623414 SLC38A1; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K14990 ]
118623451 ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
118623472 SLC38A2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14207 ]
118624203 SLC17A8; vesicular glutamate transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12302 ]
118624255 CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850 ]
118624402 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825 ]
118625567 KCNJ3; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04997 ]
118626084 SLC1A7; excitatory amino acid transporter 5 isoform X1 [KO:K05618 ]
118626418 GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
118626713 GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
118627522 GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
118629438 GRIN1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05208 ]
118629502 GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04634 ]
118629739 GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826 ]
118629801 GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545 ]
118632179 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
118632878 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
118632910 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D [KO:K04851 ]
118632994 GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
118633415 SLC38A3; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K13576 ]
118634527 GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
118634685 PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
118637975 GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha [KO:K04630 ]
118638277 SHANK1; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15009 ]
118639180 GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534 ]
118639277 GRIK5; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5 isoform X1 [KO:K05205 ]
118639405 GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544 ]
118640651 GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
118641147 SHANK3; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 3 [KO:K15009 ]
118641555 GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537 ]
118641796 GRIN2A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A isoform X1 [KO:K05209 ]
118642671 GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547 ]
118643173 SHANK2; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K15009 ]
118643409 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
118643595 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
Compound C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference Authors Niswender CM, Conn PJ
Title Metabotropic glutamate receptors: physiology, pharmacology, and disease.
Journal Reference Authors Ferraguti F, Crepaldi L, Nicoletti F
Title Metabotropic glutamate 1 receptor: current concepts and perspectives.
Journal Reference Authors Hermans E, Challiss RA
Title Structural, signalling and regulatory properties of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors: prototypic family C G-protein-coupled receptors.
Journal Reference Authors Kim CH, Lee J, Lee JY, Roche KW
Title Metabotropic glutamate receptors: phosphorylation and receptor signaling.
Journal Reference Authors Meador-Woodruff JH, Clinton SM, Beneyto M, McCullumsmith RE
Title Molecular abnormalities of the glutamate synapse in the thalamus in schizophrenia.
Journal Reference Authors Sanacora G, Zarate CA, Krystal JH, Manji HK
Title Targeting the glutamatergic system to develop novel, improved therapeutics for mood disorders.
Journal Reference Authors Gass JT, Olive MF
Title Glutamatergic substrates of drug addiction and alcoholism.
Journal Reference Authors Palmada M, Centelles JJ
Title Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission. Pathways for metabolism, storage and reuptake of glutamate in brain.
Journal Reference Authors Schoepp DD
Title Unveiling the functions of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors in the central nervous system.
Journal J Pharmacol Exp Ther 299:12-20 (2001)
Reference Authors de Jong AP, Verhage M
Title Presynaptic signal transduction pathways that modulate synaptic transmission.
Journal Reference Authors Pinheiro PS, Mulle C
Title Presynaptic glutamate receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of action.
Journal Reference Authors Byrnes KR, Loane DJ, Faden AI
Title Metabotropic glutamate receptors as targets for multipotential treatment of neurological disorders.
Journal Reference Authors Conti F, Weinberg RJ
Title Shaping excitation at glutamatergic synapses.
Journal Reference Authors Sheng M, Kim MJ
Title Postsynaptic signaling and plasticity mechanisms.
Journal Related KO pathway
