KEGG PATHWAY: ldi04140

KEGG

PATHWAY: ldi04140

Entry

ldi04140                    Pathway

Name

Autophagy - animal - Leptosomus discolor (cuckoo roller)

Description

Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.

Class

Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism

Pathway map

Autophagy - animal

Other DBs

GO:

Organism

Leptosomus discolor (cuckoo roller) [GN:ldi]

Gene

INS; insulin [KO:K04526]

insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]

IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]

insulin receptor substrate 2-B-like [KO:K07187]

PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]

PIK3CA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]

PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]

PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]

PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]

PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]

PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]

RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]

AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]

phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]

HRAS; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]

KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]

NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]

MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]

RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]

RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]

dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1-like [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]

MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mitogen-activated protein kinase 1-like [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]

HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268]

DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]

TSC2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tuberin [KO:K07207]

TSC1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: hamartin [KO:K07206]

BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3-like [KO:K15464]

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3-like [KO:K15464]

RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: regulatory-associated protein of mTOR-like [KO:K07204]

DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein-like [KO:K20402]

DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein-like [KO:K20402]

MTOR; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]

MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 [KO:K08266]

RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]

IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]

serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]

serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]

ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]

ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]

ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]

ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]

RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 [KO:K17589]

ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B [KO:K17906]

WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908]

WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 [KO:K17908]

WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991]

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: autophagy-related protein 9A-like [KO:K17907]

SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog [KO:K21245]

SMCR8; smith-Magenis syndrome chromosomal region candidate gene 8 protein [KO:K23611]

WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 [KO:K23610]

protein C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]

ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]

RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]

SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 isoform X1 [KO:K14381]

TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]

TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator [KO:K12650]

RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A isoform X1 [KO:K07874]

RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D [KO:K16186]

RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]

PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]

PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]

cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]

PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]

MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]

MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]

BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]

BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]

BECN1; beclin-1 [KO:K08334]

NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 [KO:K21246]

PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]

PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]

ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]

AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 [KO:K17985]

TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]

VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 [KO:K21248]

STX17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]

SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 [KO:K11248]

KIAA0226; run domain Beclin-1 interacting and cysteine-rich containing protein [KO:K19330]

CAMKK2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]

MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]

ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1-like [KO:K04958]

DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]

DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: death-associated protein kinase 3-like [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]

HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]

EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]

EIF2AK4; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 4 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]

EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]

MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]

MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]

MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]

ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17603]

ATG5; autophagy protein 5 [KO:K08339]

ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X1 [KO:K17890]

ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 [KO:K08337]

ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 [KO:K17888]

ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]

CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator [KO:K04724]

RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]

PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]

gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]

GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]

microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]

MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]

MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]

microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C-like [KO:K10435]

ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]

ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]

ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]

NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein [KO:K17987]

OPTN; optineurin [KO:K19946]

CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K21348]

TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21347]

WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K22262]

ubiquitin [KO:K02927]

RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]

SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]

STX7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]

PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]

VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]

VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]

VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]

VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein [KO:K20183]

VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20184]

BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]

GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 [KO:K26797]

GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]

RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a isoform X1 [KO:K07897]

RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b [KO:K07898]

LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 [KO:K06528]

LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]

CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]

cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]

CTSB; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]

Compound

GDP

GTP

Phosphatidylethanolamine

1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol

1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate

Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate

Reference

Authors

Meijer AJ, Codogno P.

Title

Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.

Journal

Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002

Reference

Authors

Deretic V.

Title

Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.

Journal

Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003

Reference

Authors

Levine B, Yuan J.

Title

Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?

Journal

J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390

Reference

Authors

Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.

Title

LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.

Journal

Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009

Reference

Authors

Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.

Title

Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.

Journal

Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660

Reference

Authors

Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.

Title

Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?

Journal

Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007

Reference

Authors

Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.

Title

Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.

Journal

Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717

Reference

Authors

Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.

Title

Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.

Journal

Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029

Reference

Authors

He C, Klionsky DJ

Title

Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.

Journal

Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910

Reference

Authors

Yang Z, Klionsky DJ

Title

An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.

Journal

Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1

Reference

Authors

Yang Z, Klionsky DJ

Title

Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.

Journal

Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014

Reference

Authors

Chen Y, Klionsky DJ

Title

The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.

Journal

J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576

Reference

Authors

Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y

Title

The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.

Journal

Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005

Reference

Authors

Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL

Title

Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.

Journal

Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166

Reference

Authors

Noda NN, Fujioka Y

Title

Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.

Journal

Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z

Related
pathway

MAPK signaling pathway

Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum

Lysosome

mTOR signaling pathway

Insulin signaling pathway

KO pathway

LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system