KEGG   PATHWAY: pleu04974
Entry
pleu04974                   Pathway                                
Name
Protein digestion and absorption - Peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mouse)
Description
Protein is a dietary component essential for nutritional homeostasis in humans. Normally, ingested protein undergoes a complex series of degradative processes following the action of gastric, pancreatic and small intestinal enzymes. The result of this proteolytic activity is a mixture of amino acids and small peptides. Amino acids (AAs) are transported into the enterocyte (intestinal epithelial cell) by a variety of AA transporters that are specific for cationic (basic) AA, neutral AA, and anionic (acidic) AA. Small peptides are absorbed into enterocytes by the PEPT1 transporter. Inside enterocytes peptides are hydrolyzed, and the resulting amino acids are released together with those absorbed by AA transporters into blood via multiple, basolateral, AA transporters. Hydrolysis-resistant peptides, however, are transported out of the cells by a basolateral peptide transporter that has not been identified molecularly.
Class
Organismal Systems; Digestive system
Pathway map
pleu04974  Protein digestion and absorption
pleu04974

Other DBs
GO: 0044256 0050892
Organism
Peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mouse) [GN:pleu]
Gene
114681058  Ctrl; chymotrypsin-like protease CTRL-1 [KO:K09632] [EC:3.4.21.-]
114681419  Slc8a2; sodium/calcium exchanger 2 [KO:K05849]
114681444  Slc1a5; neutral amino acid transporter B(0) [KO:K05616]
114682764  Col25a1; collagen alpha-1(XXV) chain isoform X2 [KO:K24356]
114683059  Col23a1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(XXIII) chain [KO:K24355]
114683616  Slc3a2; 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain isoform X1 [KO:K06519]
114684455  [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
114684457  [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
114684458  [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
114685176  Slc38a2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14207]
114685348  Atp1a3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
114686117  Slc8a1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/calcium exchanger 1 [KO:K05849]
114686243  Cpb1; carboxypeptidase B [KO:K01291] [EC:3.4.17.2]
114686244  Cpa3; mast cell carboxypeptidase A isoform X1 [KO:K08780] [EC:3.4.17.1]
114686358  Col11a2; collagen alpha-2(XI) chain isoform X2 [KO:K19721]
114687025  Slc16a10; monocarboxylate transporter 10 isoform X1 [KO:K08187]
114687311  [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
114687312  [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
114687313  [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
114687315  [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
114687316  [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
114688084  [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
114688085  [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
114688086  [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
114688087  [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
114688091  [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
114688364  [KO:K19719]
114688889  [KO:K06236]
114689373  [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
114689941  Atp1b1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540]
114690690  Atp1a2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
114690694  [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
114690974  Atp1b3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540]
114691065  Cpa1; carboxypeptidase A1 [KO:K08779] [EC:3.4.17.1]
114691067  Cpa2; carboxypeptidase A2 [KO:K01298] [EC:3.4.17.15]
114691201  [KO:K01538]
114691943  Col8a1; collagen alpha-1(VIII) chain [KO:K23455]
114692032  [KO:K13868]
114692316  Col19a1; collagen alpha-1(XIX) chain isoform X1 [KO:K24340]
114692317  Col9a1; collagen alpha-1(IX) chain isoform X2 [KO:K08131]
114692505  Slc15a1; solute carrier family 15 member 1 [KO:K14206]
114692897  Col1a1; collagen alpha-1(I) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06236]
114693172  Atp1b2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540]
114693444  Col1a2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-2(I) chain [KO:K06236]
114693465  Col28a1; collagen alpha-1(XXVIII) chain [KO:K23619]
114693506  Col6a5; collagen alpha-5(VI) chain [KO:K06238]
114693565  [KO:K06238]
114693566  Col6a6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-6(VI) chain [KO:K06238]
114693644  Eln; elastin isoform X1 [KO:K14211]
114694160  Kcnq1; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 [KO:K04926]
114694835  Col14a1; collagen alpha-1(XIV) chain isoform X1 [KO:K08133]
114695104  Col4a2; collagen alpha-2(IV) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06237]
114695105  Col4a1; collagen alpha-1(IV) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06237]
114695197  Col5a3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-3(V) chain [KO:K19721]
114695923  [KO:K01285] [EC:3.4.16.2]
114695946  [KO:K01285] [EC:3.4.16.2]
114696090  Slc9a3; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12040]
114696101  Slc6a19; sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1 [KO:K05334]
114696368  Slc36a4; proton-coupled amino acid transporter 4 isoform X1 [KO:K14209]
114696435  Col4a3; collagen alpha-3(IV) chain [KO:K06237]
114696436  Col4a4; collagen alpha-4(IV) chain [KO:K06237]
114696517  Col6a2; collagen alpha-2(VI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06238]
114696519  Col6a1; collagen alpha-1(VI) chain [KO:K06238]
114696524  Col18a1; collagen alpha-1(XVIII) chain isoform X5 [KO:K06823]
114696726  Col17a1; collagen alpha-1(XVII) chain [KO:K07603]
114696872  Col10a1; collagen alpha-1(X) chain [KO:K19479]
114697144  Cela3b; chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 3B [KO:K01345] [EC:3.4.21.70]
114697887  Kcnj13; inward rectifier potassium channel 13 isoform X1 [KO:K05006]
114698002  [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
114698003  [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
114698285  Col24a1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(XXIV) chain [KO:K19721]
114698332  Col4a5; collagen alpha-5(IV) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06237]
114698334  Col4a6; collagen alpha-6(IV) chain [KO:K06237]
114698572  Atp1a1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
114698713  Kcne3; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 3 [KO:K04897]
114698733  Slc8a3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/calcium exchanger 3 [KO:K05849]
114698903  Slc7a9; B(0,+)-type amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K13868]
114699220  Cpb2; carboxypeptidase B2 [KO:K01300] [EC:3.4.17.20]
114700189  Kcnk5; potassium channel subfamily K member 5 [KO:K04916]
114700272  Col12a1; collagen alpha-1(XII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K08132]
114700385  Slc36a3; proton-coupled amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K14209]
114700408  Slc36a2; proton-coupled amino acid transporter 2 [KO:K14209]
114700410  [KO:K14209]
114700691  Col6a3; collagen alpha-3(VI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06238]
114700898  [KO:K01346] [EC:3.4.21.71]
114702004  Dpp4; dipeptidyl peptidase 4 [KO:K01278] [EC:3.4.14.5]
114702346  Col15a1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(XV) chain [KO:K08135]
114702792  Col5a1; collagen alpha-1(V) chain isoform X1 [KO:K19721]
114703379  Pga3; pepsin A-3 [KO:K06002] [EC:3.4.23.1]
114704186  Col20a1; collagen alpha-1(XX) chain isoform X1 [KO:K24357]
114704195  Col9a3; collagen alpha-3(IX) chain isoform X1 [KO:K08131]
114704276  Col8a2; collagen alpha-2(VIII) chain [KO:K23455]
114704755  Col13a1; collagen alpha-1(XIII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K16617]
114704920  Col9a2; collagen alpha-2(IX) chain isoform X1 [KO:K08131]
114704981  Mep1b; meprin A subunit beta [KO:K08606] [EC:3.4.24.63]
114705195  Col7a1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(VII) chain [KO:K16628]
114705247  Col5a2; collagen alpha-2(V) chain [KO:K19721]
114705256  Col3a1; collagen alpha-1(III) chain [KO:K19720]
114705400  Mep1a; meprin A subunit alpha [KO:K01395] [EC:3.4.24.18]
114705487  Xpnpep2; xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 2 [KO:K14208] [EC:3.4.11.9]
114705654  Col16a1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(XVI) chain [KO:K24339]
114705723  Ace2; angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 [KO:K09708] [EC:3.4.17.23]
114708534  Col2a1; collagen alpha-1(II) chain isoform X1 [KO:K19719]
114708682  Slc7a8; large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2 [KO:K13781]
114708697  Slc7a7; Y+L amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K13867]
114709034  Col27a1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(XXVII) chain [KO:K19721]
114709062  Slc3a1; neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBAT [KO:K14210]
114709116  [KO:K01310] [EC:3.4.21.1]
114709117  [KO:K01310] [EC:3.4.21.1]
114709764  Atp1b4; protein ATP1B4 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
114709889  Kcnn4; intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 [KO:K04945]
114710314  Slc1a1; excitatory amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K05612]
114710319  Col26a1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(XXVI) chain [KO:K24358]
114710383  Mme; neprilysin [KO:K01389] [EC:3.4.24.11]
114711011  Col11a1; collagen alpha-1(XI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K19721]
119086363  Col22a1; collagen alpha-1(XXII) chain [KO:K16630]
119089045  [KO:K01278] [EC:3.4.14.5]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00033  Acetate
C00037  Glycine
C00041  L-Alanine
C00047  L-Lysine
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00062  L-Arginine
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00065  L-Serine
C00073  L-Methionine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00079  L-Phenylalanine
C00080  H+
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00099  beta-Alanine
C00123  L-Leucine
C00134  Putrescine
C00135  L-Histidine
C00146  Phenol
C00148  L-Proline
C00152  L-Asparagine
C00163  Propanoate
C00183  L-Valine
C00188  L-Threonine
C00238  Potassium cation
C00246  Butanoic acid
C00282  Hydrogen
C00388  Histamine
C00407  L-Isoleucine
C00463  Indole
C00483  Tyramine
C00491  L-Cystine
C01327  Hydrochloric acid
C01330  Sodium cation
C01438  Methane
C01468  4-Cresol
C01672  Cadaverine
C01746  Piperidine
C02632  2-Methylpropanoate
C05996  Branched chain fatty acid
C08262  3-Methylbutanoic acid
C16138  L-Pyrrolysine
C18319  2-Methylbutyrate
Reference
PMID:18195088
  Authors
Broer S
  Title
Amino acid transport across mammalian intestinal and renal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:249-86 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00018.2006
Reference
PMID:15772300
  Authors
Palacin M, Nunes V, Font-Llitjos M, Jimenez-Vidal M, Fort J, Gasol E, Pineda M, Feliubadalo L, Chillaron J, Zorzano A
  Title
The genetics of heteromeric amino acid transporters.
  Journal
Physiology (Bethesda) 20:112-24 (2005)
DOI:10.1152/physiol.00051.2004
Reference
PMID:20522896
  Authors
Goodman BE
  Title
Insights into digestion and absorption of major nutrients in humans.
  Journal
Adv Physiol Educ 34:44-53 (2010)
DOI:10.1152/advan.00094.2009
Reference
PMID:11546643
  Authors
Wagner CA, Lang F, Broer S
  Title
Function and structure of heterodimeric amino acid transporters.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 281:C1077-93 (2001)
DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.2001.281.4.C1077
Reference
PMID:18400692
  Authors
Broer S
  Title
Apical transporters for neutral amino acids: physiology and pathophysiology.
  Journal
Physiology (Bethesda) 23:95-103 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physiol.00045.2007
Reference
PMID:9687539
  Authors
Wu G
  Title
Intestinal mucosal amino acid catabolism.
  Journal
J Nutr 128:1249-52 (1998)
DOI:10.1093/jn/128.8.1249
Reference
PMID:14977407
  Authors
Daniel H
  Title
Molecular and integrative physiology of intestinal peptide transport.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 66:361-84 (2004)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.66.032102.144149
Reference
PMID:12237156
  Authors
Rubio-Aliaga I, Daniel H
  Title
Mammalian peptide transporters as targets for drug delivery.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 23:434-40 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0165-6147(02)02072-2
Reference
PMID:7937532
  Authors
Bai JP
  Title
Distribution of brush-border membrane peptidases along the rat intestine.
  Journal
Pharm Res 11:897-900 (1994)
DOI:10.1023/a:1018946228432
Reference
PMID:12583961
  Authors
Guarner F, Malagelada JR
  Title
Gut flora in health and disease.
  Journal
Lancet 361:512-9 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12489-0
Reference
PMID:16887608
  Authors
Smith EA, Macfarlane GT
  Title
Dissimilatory amino Acid metabolism in human colonic bacteria.
  Journal
Anaerobe 3:327-37 (1997)
DOI:10.1006/anae.1997.0121
Reference
PMID:20093818
  Authors
Schepers E, Glorieux G, Vanholder R
  Title
The gut: the forgotten organ in uremia?
  Journal
Blood Purif 29:130-6 (2010)
DOI:10.1159/000245639
Reference
  Authors
John H.Cummings
  Title
The large intestine in nutrition and disease
  Journal
Institut Danone
Reference
PMID:18626068
  Authors
Heitzmann D, Warth R
  Title
Physiology and pathophysiology of potassium channels in gastrointestinal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:1119-82 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00020.2007
Related
pathway
pleu00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
pleu04530  Tight junction
pleu04971  Gastric acid secretion
pleu04972  Pancreatic secretion
KO pathway
ko04974   

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