Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. The vast majority of breast cancers are carcinomas that originate from cells lining the milk-forming ducts of the mammary gland. The molecular subtypes of breast cancer, which are based on the presence or absence of hormone receptors (estrogen and progesterone subtypes) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), include: hormone receptor positive and HER2 negative (luminal A subtype), hormone receptor positive and HER2 positive (luminal B subtype), hormone receptor negative and HER2 positive (HER2 positive), and hormone receptor negative and HER2 negative (basal-like or triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs)). Hormone receptor positive breast cancers are largely driven by the estrogen/ER pathway. In HER2 positive breast tumours, HER2 activates the PI3K/AKT and the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathways, and stimulate cell growth, survival and differentiation. In patients suffering from TNBC, the deregulation of various signalling pathways (Notch, Wnt/beta-catenin, and EGFR) have been confirmed.
Category
Cancer
Brite
Human diseases in ICD-11 classification [BR:br08403]
02 Neoplasms
Malignant neoplasms, except primary neoplasms of lymphoid, haematopoietic, central nervous system or related tissues
Malignant neoplasms, stated or presumed to be primary, of specified sites, except of lymphoid, haematopoietic, central nervous system or related tissues
Malignant neoplasms of breast
2C61 Invasive carcinoma of breast
H00031 Breast cancer
Pathway-based classification of diseases [BR:br08402]
Replication and repair
nt06506 Double-strand break repair
H00031 Breast cancer
nt06508 Interstrand crosslink repair
H00031 Breast cancer
Signal transduction
nt06526 MAPK signaling
H00031 Breast cancer
nt06530 PI3K signaling
H00031 Breast cancer
Tumor markers [br08442.html]
H00031
Cancer-associated carbohydrates [br08441.html]
H00031
Zhao W, Steinfeld JB, Liang F, Chen X, Maranon DG, Jian Ma C, Kwon Y, Rao T, Wang W, Sheng C, Song X, Deng Y, Jimenez-Sainz J, Lu L, Jensen RB, Xiong Y, Kupfer GM, Wiese C, Greene EC, Sung P
Title
BRCA1-BARD1 promotes RAD51-mediated homologous DNA pairing.
Chano T, Ikebuchi K, Tomita Y, Jin Y, Inaji H, Ishitobi M, Teramoto K, Ochi Y, Tameno H, Nishimura I, Minami K, Inoue H, Isono T, Saitoh M, Shimada T, Hisa Y, Okabe H
Title
RB1CC1 together with RB1 and p53 predicts long-term survival in Japanese breast cancer patients.
Hyaluronan Mediated Motility Receptor () Encodes an Evolutionarily Conserved Homeostasis, Mitosis, and Meiosis Regulator Rather than a Hyaluronan Receptor.
Ruark E, Snape K, Humburg P, Loveday C, Bajrami I, Brough R, Rodrigues DN, Renwick A, Seal S, Ramsay E, Duarte Sdel V, Rivas MA, Warren-Perry M, Zachariou A, Campion-Flora A, Hanks S, Murray A, Ansari Pour N, Douglas J, Gregory L, Rimmer A, Walker NM, Yang TP, Adlard JW, Barwell J, Berg J, Brady AF, Brewer C, Brice G, Chapman C, Cook J, Davidson R, Donaldson A, Douglas F, Eccles D, Evans DG, Greenhalgh L, Henderson A, Izatt L, Kumar A, Lalloo F, Miedzybrodzka Z, Morrison PJ, Paterson J, Porteous M, Rogers MT, Shanley S, Walker L, Gore M, Houlston R, Brown MA, Caufield MJ, Deloukas P, McCarthy MI, Todd JA, Turnbull C, Reis-Filho JS, Ashworth A, Antoniou AC, Lord CJ, Donnelly P, Rahman N
Title
Mosaic PPM1D mutations are associated with predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer.
Schwienbacher C, Sabbioni S, Campi M, Veronese A, Bernardi G, Menegatti A, Hatada I, Mukai T, Ohashi H, Barbanti-Brodano G, Croce CM, Negrini M
Title
Transcriptional map of 170-kb region at chromosome 11p15.5: identification and mutational analysis of the BWR1A gene reveals the presence of mutations in tumor samples.
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is one of the most common hematologic malignancies worldwide. NHL includes malignant tumors of the lymphoid tissues variously resulting from the clonal growth of B cells, T cells and natural killer cells. NHL can be broadly classified based on the type of lymphocyte involved: B lymphocyte (B cell) or T lymphocyte (T cell) and is further classified by other factors, including whether it is aggressive or indolent. Aggressive NHL is fast-growing disease. It mainly includes mantle cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, lymphoblastic lymphoma and peripheral T-cell lymphoma. On the other hand, indolent NHL is slow-growing disease. It mainly includes follicular lymphoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and MALT lymphoma.
Category
Cancer
Brite
Human diseases in ICD-11 classification [BR:br08403]
02 Neoplasms
Neoplasms of haematopoietic or lymphoid tissues
2B33 Malignant haematopoietic neoplasms without further specification
H02418 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Pathway-based classification of diseases [BR:br08402]
Replication and repair
nt06506 Double-strand break repair
H02418 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Clementi R, Locatelli F, Dupre L, Garaventa A, Emmi L, Bregni M, Cefalo G, Moretta A, Danesino C, Comis M, Pession A, Ramenghi U, Maccario R, Arico M, Roncarolo MG
Title
A proportion of patients with lymphoma may harbor mutations of the perforin gene.
