KEGG   PATHWAY: ajm04140
Entry
ajm04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Artibeus jamaicensis (Jamaican fruit-eating bat)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
ajm04140  Autophagy - animal
ajm04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Artibeus jamaicensis (Jamaican fruit-eating bat) [GN:ajm]
Gene
119057541  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
119049802  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
119044737  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
119042698  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07187]
119065177  IRS4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
119043036  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
119044861  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
119064089  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
119052227  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
119053288  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
119046830  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
119041006  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
119040479  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
119053408  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
119063115  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
119057730  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
119062206  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
119048987  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
119041711  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
119044865  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07831]
119046000  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
119053055  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
119044815  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
119057101  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
119063754  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
119040930  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
119059157  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
119039594  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268]
119038162  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
119058207  TSC2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
119059019  TSC1; hamartin [KO:K07206]
119059513  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
119039260  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb isoform X1 [KO:K07208]
119058513  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR [KO:K07204]
119064752  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein [KO:K20402]
119064071  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
119059915  proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 [KO:K16184]
119050615  AKT1S1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K16184]
119058195  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 [KO:K08266]
119041842  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
119062679  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
119040207  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
119052917  immunoglobulin-binding protein 1-like [KO:K17606]
119036814  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
119053358  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
119060692  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
119064528  serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X1 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
119064423  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
119043420  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
119048061  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
119037909  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B [KO:K17906]
119050250  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
119036337  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908]
119043807  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 [KO:K17908]
119059580  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
119058598  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
119039264  ATG9B; autophagy-related protein 9B [KO:K17907]
119056878  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A isoform X1 [KO:K17907]
119044397  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
119038295  transcription factor SPT20 homolog [KO:K21245]
119047515  transcription factor SPT20 homolog [KO:K21245]
119047516  transcription factor SPT20 homolog [KO:K21245]
119050845  putative transcription factor SPT20 homolog-like 2 [KO:K21245]
119062239  SMCR8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 [KO:K23611]
119048149  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 [KO:K23610]
119047617  C9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
119046771  RAB8A; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
119055533  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
119042610  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 [KO:K14381]
119045546  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
119045646  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X1 [KO:K12650]
119035077  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
119037688  ras-related GTP-binding protein A-like [KO:K16185]
119038803  GTP-binding protein GTR1-like [KO:K16185]
119039585  RRAGA; ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
119055493  RRAGB; ras-related GTP-binding protein B isoform X1 [KO:K16185]
119038678  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D isoform X1 [KO:K16186]
119052279  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
119044055  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform X1 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
119037106  CBL-interacting protein kinase 10-like [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
119044252  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
119041684  serine/threonine protein kinase OSK1-like [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
119051651  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
119061097  CBL-interacting protein kinase 14-like [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
119062886  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
119049690  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
119041430  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
119042614  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
119046845  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
119062834  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
119057575  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02161]
119047720  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
119045448  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death isoform X1 [KO:K02158]
119051901  BECN1; beclin-1 [KO:K08334]
119053384  BECN2; beclin-2 [KO:K08334]
119059133  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21246]
119048299  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
119040502  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
119057075  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
119064443  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
119036455  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
119063275  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 [KO:K21247]
119062570  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 [KO:K21248]
119045939  STX17; syntaxin-17 isoform X1 [KO:K08491]
119038956  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein isoform X1 [KO:K21249]
119042754  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 [KO:K11248]
119039177  RUBCN; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X1 [KO:K19330]
119048763  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
119041421  mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
119036278  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
119036740  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
119060019  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
119063781  DAPK3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
119056948  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
119037404  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
119062169  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
119061226  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
119040976  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha [KO:K03237]
119034800  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
119055174  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
119062583  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
119041408  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
119036057  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K17603]
119046662  ATG12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 isoform X1 [KO:K08336]
119059370  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08339]
119048303  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X1 [KO:K17890]
119042109  ATG16L2; protein Atg16l2 isoform X1 [KO:K20868]
119044803  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X1 [KO:K08337]
119047500  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X1 [KO:K17888]
119048632  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
119047616  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator [KO:K04724]
119065514  CFLAR; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator [KO:K04724]
119034943  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
119056689  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type isoform X1 [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
119037145  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
119048917  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
119065688  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
119053393  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
119047056  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
119063229  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
119034587  cysteine protease ATG4D-like [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
119042496  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
119061070  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
119055678  ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
119065183  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
119051690  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
119048016  OPTN; optineurin isoform X1 [KO:K19946]
119052632  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K21348]
119035184  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
119057358  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
119039029  ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40-like [KO:K02927]
119041113  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40-like [KO:K02927]
119046848  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
119056965  ubiquitin-like [KO:K02927]
119034676  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
119056912  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a-like [KO:K02977]
119058474  ubiquitin-like [KO:K02977]
119043181  polyubiquitin-B-like [KO:K04551]
119064362  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
119055128  polyubiquitin-like [KO:K08770]
119049493  polyubiquitin 11-like [KO:K08770]
119049494  polyubiquitin 11 [KO:K08770]
119038900  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
119059891  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
119052867  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
119042535  STX7; syntaxin-7 isoform X1 [KO:K08488]
119063633  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23883]
119042696  putative pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1P [KO:K23282]
119061557  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
119050784  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20179]
119046241  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20180]
119061297  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20181]
119060777  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
119061222  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K20183]
119040136  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog [KO:K20184]
119040915  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog [KO:K20184]
119050340  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
119044933  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
119051432  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 [KO:K26797]
119039036  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
119063693  ras-related protein Rab7-like [KO:K07897]
119058095  ras-related protein Rab7 [KO:K07897]
119056840  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b [KO:K07898]
119034601  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
119054242  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
119059015  lysosomal aspartic protease-like [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
119057540  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
119040361  procathepsin L-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
119052097  procathepsin L [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
119039364  cathepsin B-like protease 2 [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
119049448  CTSB; cathepsin B isoform X1 [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
ajm04010  MAPK signaling pathway
ajm04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
ajm04142  Lysosome
ajm04150  mTOR signaling pathway
ajm04152  AMPK signaling pathway
ajm04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   
LinkDB

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