KEGG   PATHWAY: cabi04140
Entry
cabi04140                   Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Chelonoidis abingdonii (Abingdon island giant tortoise)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
cabi04140  Autophagy - animal
cabi04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Chelonoidis abingdonii (Abingdon island giant tortoise) [GN:cabi]
Gene
116814783  SMCR8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 [KO:K23611]
116814839  TSC2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tuberin [KO:K07207]
116815045  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116815057  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116815107  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
116815292  CTSB; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
116815629  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07187]
116815912  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
116815990  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
116816669  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
116816761  ERN2; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE2 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
116816820  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
116816861  [KO:K20402]
116816930  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
116817195  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
116817231  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
116817561  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
116817901  [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
116818008  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07830]
116818117  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116818225  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23883]
116818282  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
116818538  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
116818605  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 [KO:K21247]
116818611  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
116818720  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
116819003  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X1 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
116819019  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
116819023  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
116819082  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
116819188  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
116819349  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
116819353  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
116819396  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
116819437  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
116819754  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
116820054  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 isoform X1 [KO:K14381]
116820235  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116820302  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
116820338  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
116820352  BECN1; beclin-1 [KO:K08334]
116820430  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
116820563  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X1 [KO:K08337]
116820659  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
116820748  HRAS; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
116820853  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type isoform X1 [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
116820981  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
116821246  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
116821274  [KO:K02927]
116821479  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
116821597  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116821634  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
116821702  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
116821705  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
116821811  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
116821919  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116821938  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
116822220  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C isoform X1 [KO:K16186]
116822443  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 [KO:K21246]
116822806  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
116822973  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K20402]
116823037  RUBCN; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein [KO:K19330]
116823151  RAB8A; ras-related protein Rab-8A isoform X1 [KO:K07901]
116823347  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
116823687  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266]
116823791  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb isoform X1 [KO:K07208]
116823935  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 [KO:K22991]
116824084  TSC1; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
116824174  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 isoform X1 [KO:K11248]
116824371  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D isoform X1 [KO:K16186]
116824840  ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
116825011  [KO:K08341]
116825387  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17603]
116825420  [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
116825774  [KO:K10435]
116825895  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X1 [KO:K17888]
116826218  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
116826231  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
116826364  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
116826529  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
116826682  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08339]
116826683  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
116826876  C9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
116826957  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K23282]
116827043  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
116827132  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
116827410  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116827415  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 [KO:K21248]
116827640  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X1 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116827802  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 isoform X1 [KO:K19730]
116827962  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]
116828732  STX17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
116828781  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 isoform X1 [KO:K08343]
116828956  STX7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
116829265  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20180]
116829306  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116829393  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 isoform X1 [KO:K07187]
116829397  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
116829401  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
116829822  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
116829972  ATG12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 isoform X1 [KO:K08336]
116830018  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268]
116830167  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116830341  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
116830679  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
116831042  BIRC6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
116831307  UBC; polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
116831446  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21348]
116831557  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]
116831803  [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116832013  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02161]
116832074  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b isoform X1 [KO:K07898]
116832178  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 isoform X1 [KO:K23610]
116832198  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
116832420  ATG16L2; autophagy-related protein 16-2 [KO:K20868]
116832788  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
116832802  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K20183]
116833287  [KO:K22991]
116833425  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116833784  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
116833862  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116834018  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
116834072  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
116834088  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
116834355  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
116834470  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
116834585  [KO:K21249]
116834700  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17606]
116834772  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20184]
116834823  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908]
116834885  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204]
116834967  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
116835152  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
116835466  OPTN; optineurin isoform X1 [KO:K19946]
116835748  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
116835788  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
116836066  CFLAR; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator [KO:K04724]
116836115  [KO:K10435]
116836224  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
116836546  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
116836786  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
116836812  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
116836867  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
116837011  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116837060  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
116837147  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
116837332  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 [KO:K17890]
116837726  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
116837822  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 isoform X1 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116837855  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
116837933  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
116837941  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116837995  [KO:K07925]
116838116  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
116838407  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X1 [KO:K12650]
116838846  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
116838887  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
116839230  [KO:K02649]
116839265  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
116839322  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
116839567  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
116839740  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
116839801  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116839979  [KO:K16185]
116840087  [KO:K07827]
116840135  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
cabi04010  MAPK signaling pathway
cabi04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
cabi04142  Lysosome
cabi04150  mTOR signaling pathway
cabi04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   

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