Entry
Name
Endocytosis - Equus przewalskii (Przewalski's horse)
Description
Endocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins entering through clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) have sequences in their cytoplasmic domains that bind to the APs (adaptor-related protein complexes) and enable their rapid removal from the PM. In addition to APs and clathrin, there are numerous accessory proteins including dynamin. Depending on the various proteins that enter the endosome membrane, these cargoes are sorted to distinct destinations. Some cargoes, such as nutrient receptors, are recycled back to the PM. Ubiquitylated membrane proteins, such as activated growth-factor receptors, are sorted into intraluminal vesicles and eventually end up in the lysosome lumen via multivesicular endosomes (MVEs). There are distinct mechanisms of clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) depending upon the cargo and the cell type.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Other DBs
Organism
Equus przewalskii (Przewalski's horse) [GN:
epz ]
Gene
103540081 CAPZB; F-actin-capping protein subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K10365 ]
103540373 RUFY2; RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12482 ]
103540563 VPS35; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 isoform X1 [KO:K18468 ]
103540836 AGAP1; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12491 ]
103540881 CHMP2B; charged multivesicular body protein 2b isoform X1 [KO:K12192 ]
103540887 IQSEC3; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
103541533 VPS29; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 29 isoform X1 [KO:K18467 ]
103541649 SMAP1; stromal membrane-associated protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12486 ]
103542562 PARD6A; partitioning defective 6 homolog alpha isoform X2 [KO:K06093 ]
103544091 IQSEC1; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
103544193 IQSEC2; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
103545676 VPS37A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37A isoform X1 [KO:K12185 ]
103547618 VPS45; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 45 isoform X1 [KO:K12479 ]
103548005 PSD2; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
103548326 ARPC1B; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B isoform X1 [KO:K05757 ]
103548562 SMAD2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04500 ]
103548688 RAB11FIP5; rab11 family-interacting protein 5 isoform X4 [KO:K12484 ]
103548872 ARAP2; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K18440 ]
103549342 ARAP1; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18439 ]
103549387 VPS26A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26A isoform X1 [KO:K18466 ]
103549637 SMAD3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 isoform X1 [KO:K23605 ]
103549893 VPS37B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37B isoform X1 [KO:K12185 ]
103550348 VPS25; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 25 [KO:K12189 ]
103550640 EPS15; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15 isoform X1 [KO:K12472 ]
103550695 ARAP3; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12490 ]
103550770 VPS4B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B [KO:K12196 ]
103551090 HGS; hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate isoform X1 [KO:K12182 ]
103551299 ASAP3; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12488 ]
103552431 ACAP2; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12489 ]
103553273 VPS26B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26B isoform X1 [KO:K18466 ]
103553567 SMAP2; stromal membrane-associated protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K12486 ]
103553825 ASAP1; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12488 ]
103554914 VPS28; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 28 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K12184 ]
103556334 ARPC5L; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5-like protein [KO:K05754 ]
103556361 PSD4; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
103557165 RUFY1; RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K12482 ]
103557572 PSD3; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 isoform X9 [KO:K12494 ]
103557731 ACAP1; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12489 ]
103558151 GBF1; Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18443 ]
103558365 EPS15L1; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15-like 1 isoform X23 [KO:K12472 ]
103558448 IGF2R; cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor isoform X1 [KO:K06564 ]
103558482 CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04393 ]
103558571 ACAP3; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12489 ]
103558575 ZFYVE9; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04679 ]
103559067 ARFGEF1; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 1 [KO:K18442 ]
103559231 LDLRAP1; low density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12474 ]
103560177 ARFGAP3; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12493 ]
103560850 ASAP2; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12488 ]
103560866 CHMP4C; charged multivesicular body protein 4c isoform X1 [KO:K24782 ]
103561168 RABEP1; rab GTPase-binding effector protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12480 ]
103562059 CHMP3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: charged multivesicular body protein 3 [KO:K12193 ]
103562121 ARFGAP1; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12492 ]
103562363 ZFYVE16; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 16 isoform X1 [KO:K04679 ]
103563083 VPS37D; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37D [KO:K12185 ]
103563767 VPS4A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4A isoform X1 [KO:K12196 ]
103563791 PDCD6IP; programmed cell death 6-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K12200 ]
103564121 RAB11FIP3; rab11 family-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12485 ]
103564147 ARPC2; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05758 ]
103564175 AGAP3; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12491 ]
103564316 VPS36; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36 [KO:K12190 ]
103564462 IL2RB; interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K05069 ]
103564474 VPS37C; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37C isoform X1 [KO:K12185 ]
103564773 STAM; signal transducing adapter molecule 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04705 ]
103564782 STAM2; signal transducing adapter molecule 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04705 ]
103565431 RAB11FIP4; rab11 family-interacting protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K12485 ]
103565537 SH3KBP1; SH3 domain-containing kinase-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12470 ]
103565787 CHMP7; charged multivesicular body protein 7 isoform X1 [KO:K15053 ]
103565847 ARFGEF2; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K18442 ]
103566171 BIN1; myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12562 ]
103566224 VTA1; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein VTA1 homolog [KO:K12199 ]
103566693 ARFGAP2; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12493 ]
103567293 RAB11FIP1; rab11 family-interacting protein 1 isoform X3 [KO:K12484 ]
Compound
C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C11556 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Acconcia F, Sigismund S, Polo S
Title
Ubiquitin in trafficking: the network at work.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Donaldson JG, Porat-Shliom N, Cohen LA
Title
Clathrin-independent endocytosis: a unique platform for cell signaling and PM remodeling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sorkin A
Title
Cargo recognition during clathrin-mediated endocytosis: a team effort.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Raiborg C, Stenmark H
Title
The ESCRT machinery in endosomal sorting of ubiquitylated membrane proteins.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Scita G, Di Fiore PP
Title
The endocytic matrix.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Le Roy C, Wrana JL
Title
Clathrin- and non-clathrin-mediated endocytic regulation of cell signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jovic M, Sharma M, Rahajeng J, Caplan S
Title
The early endosome: a busy sorting station for proteins at the crossroads.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pietiainen VM, Marjomaki V, Heino J, Hyypia T
Title
Viral entry, lipid rafts and caveosomes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Grant BD, Donaldson JG
Title
Pathways and mechanisms of endocytic recycling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cullen PJ, Korswagen HC
Title
Sorting nexins provide diversity for retromer-dependent trafficking events.
Journal
Related pathway
epz04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
epz04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
epz04130 SNARE interactions in vesicular transport
KO pathway