KEGG   PATHWAY: myd04724
Entry
myd04724                    Pathway                                
Name
Glutamatergic synapse - Myotis davidii (David's myotis)
Description
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system(CNS). Glutamate is packaged into synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal. Once released into the synaptic cleft, glutamate acts on postsynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) to mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission. Glutamate can also act on metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and exert a variety of modulatory effects through their coupling to G proteins and the subsequent recruitment of second messenger systems. Presynaptically localized Group II and Group III mGluRs are thought to represent the classical inhibitory autoreceptor mechanism that suppresses excess glutamate release. After its action on these receptors, glutamate can be removed from the synaptic cleft by EAATs located either on the presynaptic terminal, neighboring glial cells, or the postsynaptic neuron. In glia, glutamate is converted to glutamine, which is then transported back to the presynaptic terminal and converted back to glutamate.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
myd04724  Glutamatergic synapse
myd04724

Other DBs
GO: 0051966
Organism
Myotis davidii (David's myotis) [GN:myd]
Gene
102751276  GNG7; G protein subunit gamma 7 [KO:K04543]
102751295  HOMER1; homer scaffolding protein 1 [KO:K15010]
102751468  SLC38A2; solute carrier family 38 member 2 [KO:K14207]
102751685  PLCB1; phospholipase C beta 1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102751770  GRIN1; glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1 [KO:K05208]
102751937  SLC38A1; solute carrier family 38 member 1 [KO:K14990]
102751959  PLCB4; phospholipase C beta 4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102752682  GNG12; G protein subunit gamma 12 [KO:K04347]
102752739  GRM7; glutamate metabotropic receptor 7 [KO:K04609]
102753337  [KO:K04545]
102753757  PPP3CC; protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit gamma [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
102753812  CACNA1C; calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C [KO:K04850]
102754275  GNAI2; G protein subunit alpha i2 [KO:K04630]
102754320  PLA2G4D; phospholipase A2 group IVD [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
102754500  GRIA3; glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 3 [KO:K05199]
102754611  PLA2G4E; phospholipase A2 group IVE [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
102754623  PPP3CB; protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
102754853  GLUL; glutamate-ammonia ligase [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
102754858  GNGT2; G protein subunit gamma transducin 2 [KO:K04549]
102755123  PLCB3; phospholipase C beta 3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102755292  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
102755500  PPP3CA; protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
102756028  PLD1; phospholipase D1 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
102756030  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102756675  GRIK4; glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 4 [KO:K05204]
102757004  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102757252  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102757712  GRIN3B; glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 3B [KO:K05214]
102757917  SLC17A8; solute carrier family 17 member 8 [KO:K12302]
102759051  SLC17A6; solute carrier family 17 member 6 [KO:K12302]
102759239  GRIN2B; glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B [KO:K05210]
102759351  GNG5; G protein subunit gamma 5 [KO:K04542]
102759440  GNB3; G protein subunit beta 3 [KO:K07825]
102759840  [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
102759978  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102760085  PLD2; phospholipase D2 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
102760324  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102760520  PLCB2; phospholipase C beta 2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102760678  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102760712  PPP3R2; protein phosphatase 3 regulatory subunit B, beta [KO:K06268]
102760847  GNAQ; G protein subunit alpha q [KO:K04634]
102760999  GRIN3A; glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 3A [KO:K05213]
102761136  GNB4; G protein subunit beta 4 [KO:K04538]
102761441  CACNA1D; calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 D [KO:K04851]
102761774  GRK3; G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3 [KO:K00910] [EC:2.7.11.15]
102762354  GNB2; G protein subunit beta 2 [KO:K04537]
102762536  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102763083  SLC1A6; solute carrier family 1 member 6 [KO:K05617]
102763091  GRM5; glutamate metabotropic receptor 5 [KO:K04604]
102763579  LZTS3; leucine zipper tumor suppressor family member 3 [KO:K26472]
102763949  GRIK3; glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 3 [KO:K05203]
102764043  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102764090  KCNJ3; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 3 [KO:K04997]
102764125  [KO:K04610]
102764328  GRM3; glutamate metabotropic receptor 3 [KO:K04606]
102764378  SLC1A1; solute carrier family 1 member 1 [KO:K05612]
102764577  GNB1; G protein subunit beta 1 [KO:K04536]
102764661  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
102764962  GRK2; G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 [KO:K00910] [EC:2.7.11.15]
102765079  GNB5; G protein subunit beta 5 [KO:K04539]
102765234  GRIN2D; glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2D [KO:K05212]
102765504  GNAI3; G protein subunit alpha i3 [KO:K04630]
102765603  GNAO1; G protein subunit alpha o1 [KO:K04534]
102765661  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102765722  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102765989  SLC1A7; solute carrier family 1 member 7 [KO:K05618]
102766104  GRM8; glutamate metabotropic receptor 8 [KO:K04610]
102766123  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102766245  GRIK5; glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 5 [KO:K05205]
102766400  GNAI1; G protein subunit alpha i1 [KO:K04630]
102766485  SLC1A2; solute carrier family 1 member 2 [KO:K05613]
102767341  SHANK2; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 2 [KO:K15009]
102767430  GRIK1; glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 1 [KO:K05201]
102767571  GLS2; glutaminase 2 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
102767787  GLS; glutaminase [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
102768204  GRM6; glutamate metabotropic receptor 6 [KO:K04608]
102768602  GRIK2; glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 2 [KO:K05202]
102768612  HOMER3; homer scaffolding protein 3 [KO:K15010]
102768985  TRPC1; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 1 [KO:K04964]
102769016  HOMER2; homer scaffolding protein 2 [KO:K15010]
102769037  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102769790  SLC1A3; solute carrier family 1 member 3 [KO:K05614]
102769875  GNG10; G protein subunit gamma 10 [KO:K04545]
102769983  GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
102770040  GRIA2; glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2 [KO:K05198]
102770191  GNG13; G protein subunit gamma 13 [KO:K04547]
102770386  SHANK1; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 1 [KO:K15009]
102771107  GNG2; G protein subunit gamma 2 [KO:K07826]
102771143  CACNA1A; calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 A [KO:K04344]
102771313  GRIN2A; glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A [KO:K05209]
102771504  NCDN; neurochondrin [KO:K27819]
102771660  SLC38A3; solute carrier family 38 member 3 [KO:K13576]
102771796  PLA2G4F; phospholipase A2 group IVF [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
102772218  PRKACA; protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
102772466  JMJD7; jumonji domain containing 7 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
102772594  SLC17A7; solute carrier family 17 member 7 [KO:K12302]
102772770  GRIA4; glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 4 [KO:K05200]
102773344  DLG4; discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4 [KO:K11828]
102773554  [KO:K04347]
102773745  SHANK3; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 [KO:K15009]
102773780  PRKACB; protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
102774327  PLA2G4A; phospholipase A2 group IVA [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
102774384  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102774402  GRIA1; glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1 [KO:K05197]
102774668  DLGAP1; DLG associated protein 1 [KO:K15008]
102774762  [KO:K04542]
102774843  [KO:K04632]
102774846  PPP3R1; protein phosphatase 3 regulatory subunit B, alpha [KO:K06268]
102775005  GRIN2C; glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2C [KO:K05211]
102775211  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102775507  [KO:K04632]
107182728  GNG4; G protein subunit gamma 4 [KO:K04541]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
Reference
  Authors
Niswender CM, Conn PJ
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate receptors: physiology, pharmacology, and disease.
  Journal
Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 50:295-322 (2010)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.011008.145533
Reference
  Authors
Ferraguti F, Crepaldi L, Nicoletti F
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate 1 receptor: current concepts and perspectives.
  Journal
Pharmacol Rev 60:536-81 (2008)
DOI:10.1124/pr.108.000166
Reference
  Authors
Hermans E, Challiss RA
  Title
Structural, signalling and regulatory properties of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors: prototypic family C G-protein-coupled receptors.
  Journal
Biochem J 359:465-84 (2001)
DOI:10.1042/bj3590465
Reference
  Authors
Kim CH, Lee J, Lee JY, Roche KW
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate receptors: phosphorylation and receptor signaling.
  Journal
J Neurosci Res 86:1-10 (2008)
DOI:10.1002/jnr.21437
Reference
  Authors
Meador-Woodruff JH, Clinton SM, Beneyto M, McCullumsmith RE
  Title
Molecular abnormalities of the glutamate synapse in the thalamus in schizophrenia.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1003:75-93 (2003)
DOI:10.1196/annals.1300.005
Reference
  Authors
Sanacora G, Zarate CA, Krystal JH, Manji HK
  Title
Targeting the glutamatergic system to develop novel, improved therapeutics for mood disorders.
  Journal
Nat Rev Drug Discov 7:426-37 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrd2462
Reference
  Authors
Gass JT, Olive MF
  Title
Glutamatergic substrates of drug addiction and alcoholism.
  Journal
Biochem Pharmacol 75:218-65 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.06.039
Reference
PMID:9665875
  Authors
Palmada M, Centelles JJ
  Title
Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission. Pathways for metabolism, storage and reuptake of glutamate in brain.
  Journal
Front Biosci 3:d701-18 (1998)
DOI:10.2741/a314
Reference
  Authors
Schoepp DD
  Title
Unveiling the functions of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors in the central nervous system.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Exp Ther 299:12-20 (2001)
Reference
  Authors
de Jong AP, Verhage M
  Title
Presynaptic signal transduction pathways that modulate synaptic transmission.
  Journal
Curr Opin Neurobiol 19:245-53 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.conb.2009.06.005
Reference
  Authors
Pinheiro PS, Mulle C
  Title
Presynaptic glutamate receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of action.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 9:423-36 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrn2379
Reference
  Authors
Byrnes KR, Loane DJ, Faden AI
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate receptors as targets for multipotential treatment of neurological disorders.
  Journal
Neurotherapeutics 6:94-107 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.nurt.2008.10.038
Reference
  Authors
Conti F, Weinberg RJ
  Title
Shaping excitation at glutamatergic synapses.
  Journal
Trends Neurosci 22:451-8 (1999)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-2236(99)01445-9
Reference
  Authors
Sheng M, Kim MJ
  Title
Postsynaptic signaling and plasticity mechanisms.
  Journal
Science 298:776-80 (2002)
DOI:10.1126/science.1075333
Related
pathway
myd00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
myd04020  Calcium signaling pathway
myd04720  Long-term potentiation
myd04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
myd04730  Long-term depression
KO pathway
ko04724   

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