Entry Name Signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells - Balaenoptera musculus (blue whale)
Description Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are basic cells with an indefinite self-renewal capacity and the potential to generate all the cell types of the three germinal layers. The types of PSCs known to date include embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. ES cells are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of blastocyst-stage embryos. iPS cells are generated by reprogramming somatic cells back to pluripotent state with defined reprogramming factors, Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc (also known as Yamanaka factors). PSCs including ES cells and iPS cells are categorized into two groups by their morphology, gene expression profile and external signal dependence. Conventional mouse-type ES/iPS cells are called 'naive state' cells. They are mainly maintained under the control of LIF and BMP signaling. On the other hand, human-type ES/iPS cells, which are in need of Activin and FGF signaling, are termed 'primed state'. However, these signaling pathways converge towards the activation of a core transcriptional network that is similar in both groups and involves OCt4, Nanog and Sox2. The three transcription factors and their downstream target genes coordinately promote self-renewal and pluripotency.
Class Cellular Processes; Cellular community - eukaryotesBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map bmus04550 Signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells
Ortholog table Other DBs Organism Balaenoptera musculus (blue whale) [GN:
bmus ]
Gene 118891872 IL6ST; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interleukin-6 receptor subunit beta [KO:K05060 ]
118887532 STAT3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04692 ]
118892181 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
118894592 PIK3CA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
118894671 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
118891709 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
118892996 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
118901944 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649 ]
118906922 SMAD2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04500 ]
118890561 SMAD3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 isoform X1 [KO:K23605 ]
118891260 BMP4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: bone morphogenetic protein 4 [KO:K04662 ]
118884323 SMAD9; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9 [KO:K16791 ]
118886461 DVL2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 [KO:K02353 ]
118893584 DVL1; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02353 ]
118894624 DVL3; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02353 ]
118892175 APC2; adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02085 ]
118895851 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1-like [KO:K09367 ]
118895460 FGF2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: fibroblast growth factor 2 [KO:K18497 ]
118892451 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: left-right determination factor 2-like [KO:K04668 ]
118895926 SMARCAD1; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A containing DEAD/H box 1 isoform X1 [KO:K14439 ] [EC:5.6.2.-]
118895580 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: RE1-silencing transcription factor-like [KO:K09222 ]
118887275 PCGF2; polycomb group RING finger protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K11460 ]
118895604 PCGF3; polycomb group RING finger protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K11488 ]
118890956 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: polycomb group RING finger protein 5-like [KO:K11489 ]
118882496 PCGF5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: polycomb group RING finger protein 5 [KO:K11489 ]
118882597 PCGF6; polycomb group RING finger protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K11470 ]
118892878 HAND1; heart- and neural crest derivatives-expressed protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09071 ]
Reference Authors Bhartiya D, Lenka N (ed).
Title Pluripotent Stem Cells
Journal Reference Authors Hassani SN, Totonchi M, Gourabi H, Scholer HR, Baharvand H
Title Signaling roadmap modulating naive and primed pluripotency.
Journal Reference Authors Jaenisch R, Young R
Title Stem cells, the molecular circuitry of pluripotency and nuclear reprogramming.
Journal Reference Authors Zhang H, Wang ZZ
Title Mechanisms that mediate stem cell self-renewal and differentiation.
Journal Reference Authors Itoh F, Watabe T, Miyazono K
Title Roles of TGF-beta family signals in the fate determination of pluripotent stem cells.
Journal Reference Authors Saunders A, Faiola F, Wang J
Title Concise review: pursuing self-renewal and pluripotency with the stem cell factor Nanog.
Journal Reference Authors Kuijk EW, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, Geijsen N, Macklon N, Roelen BA
Title The different shades of mammalian pluripotent stem cells.
Journal Reference Authors Okita K, Yamanaka S
Title Intracellular signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of embryonic stem cells.
Journal Reference Authors Niwa H, Ogawa K, Shimosato D, Adachi K
Title A parallel circuit of LIF signalling pathways maintains pluripotency of mouse ES cells.
Journal Reference Authors Nakai-Futatsugi Y, Niwa H
Title Transcription factor network in embryonic stem cells: heterogeneity under the stringency.
Journal Reference Authors Medvedev SP, Shevchenko AI, Zakian SM
Title Molecular basis of Mammalian embryonic stem cell pluripotency and self-renewal.
Journal Acta Naturae 2:30-46 (2010)
Reference Authors Scheper W, Copray S
Title The molecular mechanism of induced pluripotency: a two-stage switch.
Journal Reference Authors Boyer LA, Lee TI, Cole MF, Johnstone SE, Levine SS, Zucker JP, Guenther MG, Kumar RM, Murray HL, Jenner RG, Gifford DK, Melton DA, Jaenisch R, Young RA
Title Core transcriptional regulatory circuitry in human embryonic stem cells.
Journal Reference Authors Wang L, Miao YL, Zheng X, Lackford B, Zhou B, Han L, Yao C, Ward JM, Burkholder A, Lipchina I, Fargo DC, Hochedlinger K, Shi Y, Williams CJ, Hu G
Title The THO complex regulates pluripotency gene mRNA export and controls embryonic stem cell self-renewal and somatic cell reprogramming.
Journal Reference Authors Hasegawa Y, Tang D, Takahashi N, Hayashizaki Y, Forrest AR, Suzuki H
Title CCL2 enhances pluripotency of human induced pluripotent stem cells by activating hypoxia related genes.
Journal Reference Authors Sui L, Bouwens L, Mfopou JK
Title Signaling pathways during maintenance and definitive endoderm differentiation of embryonic stem cells.
Journal Reference Authors Do JT, Scholer HR
Title Regulatory circuits underlying pluripotency and reprogramming.
Journal Reference Authors Pan G, Thomson JA
Title Nanog and transcriptional networks in embryonic stem cell pluripotency.
Journal Reference Authors Loh YH, Wu Q, Chew JL, Vega VB, Zhang W, Chen X, Bourque G, George J, Leong B, Liu J, Wong KY, Sung KW, Lee CW, Zhao XD, Chiu KP, Lipovich L, Kuznetsov VA, Robson P, Stanton LW, Wei CL, Ruan Y, Lim B, Ng HH
Title The Oct4 and Nanog transcription network regulates pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells.
Journal Reference Authors Loh YH, Ng JH, Ng HH
Title Molecular framework underlying pluripotency.
Journal Reference Authors Greenow K, Clarke AR
Title Controlling the stem cell compartment and regeneration in vivo: the role of pluripotency pathways.
Journal Related KO pathway LinkDB All DBs
