Entry Name Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation - Equus przewalskii (Przewalski's horse)
Description Immunity to different classes of microorganisms is orchestrated by separate lineages of effector T helper (TH)-cells, which differentiate from naive CD4+ precursor cells in response to cues provided by antigen presenting cells (APC) and include T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2. Th1 cells are characterized by the transcription factor T-bet and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 4, and the production of IFN-gamma. These cells stimulate strong cell-mediated immune responses, particularly against intracellular pathogens. On the other hand, transcription factors like GATA-3 and STAT6 drive the generation of Th2 cells that produce IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 and are necessary for inducing the humoral response to combat parasitic helminths (type 2 immunity) and isotype switching to IgG1 and IgE. The balance between Th1/Th2 subsets determines the susceptibility to disease states, where the improper development of Th2 cells can lead to allergy, while an overactive Th1 response can lead to autoimmunity.
Class Organismal Systems; Immune systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map epz04658 Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation
Ortholog table Other DBs Organism Equus przewalskii (Przewalski's horse) [GN:
epz ]
Gene 103546893 RBPJ; recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region [KO:K06053 ]
103557219 RBPJL; recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region like [KO:K06053 ]
103548655 STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 [KO:K11220 ]
103548657 STAT4; signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 [KO:K11222 ]
103544254 boLa class II histocompatibility antigen, DQB*0101 beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
103544529 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 2 chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
103544628 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain [KO:K06752 ]
103540140 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain [KO:K06752 ]
103540141 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain [KO:K06752 ]
103540143 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain [KO:K06752 ]
103540328 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 2 chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
103540329 boLa class II histocompatibility antigen, DQB*0101 beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
103541526 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 2 chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
103544948 SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype D alpha chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
103542554 H-2 class II histocompatibility antigen, E-S beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
103543619 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
103545686 H-2 class II histocompatibility antigen, A-U alpha chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
103543091 DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
103545626 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
103543208 mamu class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain [KO:K06752 ]
103545294 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1-4 beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
103548960 PPP3R1; protein phosphatase 3 regulatory subunit B, alpha [KO:K06268 ]
103552460 PPP3R2; protein phosphatase 3 regulatory subunit B, beta [KO:K06268 ]
103563745 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1-like [KO:K04446 ]
103548618 FOS; Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit [KO:K04379 ]
103550390 STAT5A; signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A [KO:K11223 ]
103564680 STAT6; signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 [KO:K11225 ]
Compound C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference Authors Amsen D, Spilianakis CG, Flavell RA
Title How are T(H)1 and T(H)2 effector cells made?
Journal Reference Authors Knosp CA, Johnston JA
Title Regulation of CD4+ T-cell polarization by suppressor of cytokine signalling proteins.
Journal Reference Authors Dong C, Flavell RA
Title Control of T helper cell differentiation--in search of master genes.
Journal Reference Authors O'Garra A, Arai N
Title The molecular basis of T helper 1 and T helper 2 cell differentiation.
Journal Reference Authors Hong CC, Yao S, McCann SE, Dolnick RY, Wallace PK, Gong Z, Quan L, Lee KP, Evans SS, Repasky EA, Edge SB, Ambrosone CB
Title Pretreatment levels of circulating Th1 and Th2 cytokines, and their ratios, are associated with ER-negative and triple negative breast cancers.
Journal Reference Authors Kolls JK
Title CD4(+) T-cell subsets and host defense in the lung.
Journal Reference Authors Zhu J, Paul WE
Title Peripheral CD4+ T-cell differentiation regulated by networks of cytokines and transcription factors.
Journal Reference Authors Wilson CB, Rowell E, Sekimata M
Title Epigenetic control of T-helper-cell differentiation.
Journal Reference Authors Callard RE, Yates AJ
Title Immunology and mathematics: crossing the divide.
Journal Reference Authors Lazarevic V, Glimcher LH, Lord GM
Title T-bet: a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity.
Journal Reference Authors Weigmann B, Neurath MF
Title T-bet and mucosal Th1 responses in the gastrointestinal tract.
Journal Reference Authors Adamson AS, Collins K, Laurence A, O'Shea JJ
Title The Current STATus of lymphocyte signaling: new roles for old players.
Journal Reference Authors Zhu J
Title Transcriptional regulation of Th2 cell differentiation.
Journal Reference Authors Zhu J
Title T helper 2 (Th2) cell differentiation, type 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) development and regulation of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 production.
Journal Reference Authors Ho IC, Tai TS, Pai SY
Title GATA3 and the T-cell lineage: essential functions before and after T-helper-2-cell differentiation.
Journal Reference Authors Amsen D, Antov A, Flavell RA
Title The different faces of Notch in T-helper-cell differentiation.
Journal Reference Authors Pahan K, Mondal S
Title Crosstalk between Nitric Oxide and T helper cells.
Journal J Clin Cell Immunol 3:e109 (2012)
Reference Authors Schmidt A, Oberle N, Krammer PH
Title Molecular mechanisms of treg-mediated T cell suppression.
Journal Related epz04660 T cell receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway LinkDB All DBs
