KEGG   PATHWAY: gacu04910
Entry
gacu04910                   Pathway                                
Name
Insulin signaling pathway - Gymnodraco acuticeps
Description
Insulin binding to its receptor results in the tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrates (IRS) by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase (INSR). This allows association of IRSs with the regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PI3K activates 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), which activates Akt, a serine kinase. Akt in turn deactivates glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), leading to activation of glycogen synthase (GYS) and thus glycogen synthesis. Activation of Akt also results in the translocation of GLUT4 vesicles from their intracellular pool to the plasma membrane, where they allow uptake of glucose into the cell. Akt also leads to mTOR-mediated activation of protein synthesis by eIF4 and p70S6K. The translocation of GLUT4 protein is also elicited through the CAP/Cbl/TC10 pathway, once Cbl is phosphorylated by INSR.
Other signal transduction proteins interact with IRS including GRB2. GRB2 is part of the cascade including SOS, RAS, RAF and MEK that leads to activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and mitogenic responses in the form of gene transcription. SHC is another substrate of INSR. When tyrosine phosphorylated, SHC associates with GRB2 and can thus activate the RAS/MAPK pathway independently of IRS-1.
Class
Organismal Systems; Endocrine system
Pathway map
gacu04910  Insulin signaling pathway
gacu04910

Organism
Gymnodraco acuticeps [GN:gacu]
Gene
117545246  insulin-like [KO:K04526]
117552873  insulin-like [KO:K04526]
117541280  insra; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor a [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
117552674  si:ch73-335l21.1; insulin receptor substrate 1-B isoform X1 [KO:K16172]
117534032  si:ch211-284e13.4; insulin receptor substrate 1-B [KO:K16172]
117556839  irs2b; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
117546737  insulin receptor substrate 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K07187]
117560169  insulin receptor substrate 2-B [KO:K07187]
117532612  pik3r2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
117545568  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma-like [KO:K02649]
117535004  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
117542274  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma-like isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
117560597  pik3r3b; phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 3b (gamma) isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
117561441  pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
117545508  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
117534275  pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
117541887  pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
117542378  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
117545078  pdpk1b; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117544558  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase-like [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117551707  akt2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117550034  akt1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117560397  RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase-like [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117560747  akt3a; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117535811  gsk3ba; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X1 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
117544105  gys1; glycogen [starch] synthase, muscle isoform X1 [KO:K00693] [EC:2.4.1.11]
117547130  gys2; glycogen [starch] synthase, liver [KO:K00693] [EC:2.4.1.11]
117545022  ppp1cab; protein phosphatase 1, catalytic subunit, alpha isozyme b [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
117539053  ppp1cc; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit A isoform X1 [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
117553916  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit-like [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
117548669  ppp1caa; protein phosphatase 1, catalytic subunit, alpha isozyme a [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
117548936  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit-like [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
117542741  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
117551964  protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3C-B-like [KO:K07189]
117539943  protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3C-like isoform X1 [KO:K07189]
117546292  si:ch211-167b20.8; uncharacterized protein si:ch211-167b20.8 isoform X1 [KO:K07189]
117541920  ppp1r3da; protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3Da isoform X1 [KO:K07189]
117556270  protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3E [KO:K07189]
117559862  ppp1r3db; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3D [KO:K07189]
117561106  zgc:77112; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3C [KO:K07189]
117545088  phkg2; phosphorylase b kinase gamma catalytic chain, liver/testis isoform [KO:K00871] [EC:2.7.11.19]
117552298  phosphorylase b kinase gamma catalytic chain, skeletal muscle/heart isoform-like [KO:K00871] [EC:2.7.11.19]
117549414  phka2; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, liver isoform isoform X1 [KO:K07190]
117536427  phkb; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07190]
117551852  calm2a; calmodulin 2a (phosphorylase kinase, delta) [KO:K02183]
117552177  calm3a; calmodulin 3a (phosphorylase kinase, delta) [KO:K02183]
117539693  calm1a; calmodulin-1a [KO:K02183]
117554187  calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
117549326  calml4a; calmodulin-like protein 4a isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
117551783  glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form-like [KO:K00688] [EC:2.4.1.1]
117553283  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glycogen phosphorylase, liver form-like [KO:K00688] [EC:2.4.1.1]
117562694  pygma; glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form [KO:K00688] [EC:2.4.1.1]
117547951  pde3b; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase B [KO:K13296] [EC:3.1.4.17]
117548428  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
117555105  prkacba; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, beta a isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
117558377  prkacbb; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, beta b [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
117561581  prkacab; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
117551141  prkar2ab; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, alpha, B [KO:K04739]
117544901  prkar1ab; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type I, alpha (tissue specific extinguisher 1) b isoform X1 [KO:K04739]
117551497  cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha regulatory subunit-like [KO:K04739]
117539000  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-beta regulatory subunit-like [KO:K04739]
117548460  cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-beta regulatory subunit-like isoform X1 [KO:K04739]
117541998  prkar2aa; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, alpha A [KO:K04739]
117549583  lipeb; hormone-sensitive lipase isoform X1 [KO:K07188] [EC:3.1.1.79]
117559297  lipea; lipase, hormone-sensitive a [KO:K07188] [EC:3.1.1.79]
117541505  prkcz; protein kinase C zeta type [KO:K18952] [EC:2.7.11.13]
117541396  prkci; protein kinase C iota type [KO:K06069] [EC:2.7.11.13]
117552766  solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K07191]
117557244  flotillin-2a isoform X1 [KO:K07192]
117534670  flot1a; flotillin-1a isoform X1 [KO:K07192]
117549586  flot1b; flotillin-1b [KO:K07192]
117561987  flotillin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07192]
117554868  SH2B adapter protein 2 [KO:K07193]
117552280  sorbin and SH3 domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06086]
117552199  cbl; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL isoform X1 [KO:K04707] [EC:2.3.2.27]
117547104  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL-like [KO:K04707] [EC:2.3.2.27]
117544317  cblb; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL-B-B [KO:K22517] [EC:2.3.2.27]
117533368  adapter molecule crk-like [KO:K04438]
117538744  adapter molecule crk-like [KO:K04438]
117554776  crkl; crk-like protein [KO:K04438]
117560203  rapgef1b; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1b isoform X1 [KO:K06277]
117551811  rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoQ [KO:K07194]
117553503  exoc7; exocyst complex component 7 isoform X1 [KO:K07195]
117548857  trip10a; cdc42-interacting protein 4 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K07196]
117555319  cdc42-interacting protein 4 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K07196]
117548839  srebf1; sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07197]
117553010  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1-like [KO:K11262] [EC:6.4.1.2 6.3.4.14 2.1.3.15]
117535765  acacb; acetyl-CoA carboxylase isoform X1 [KO:K01946] [EC:6.4.1.2 6.3.4.14 2.1.3.15]
117553507  fasn; fatty acid synthase [KO:K00665] [EC:2.3.1.85]
117550618  hexokinase-2-like [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
117551423  hexokinase HKDC1-like isoform X1 [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
117551424  hk1; hexokinase-1 isoform X1 [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
117553106  hexokinase-2-like [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
117560230  gck; hexokinase-4 isoform X1 [KO:K12407] [EC:2.7.1.2]
117555089  prkaa2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
117561518  prkaa1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
117543963  prkab1b; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1b [KO:K07199]
117532696  prkab2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 [KO:K07199]
117554928  prkab1a; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1a [KO:K07199]
117550655  5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1-like [KO:K07200]
117551055  prkag1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 [KO:K07200]
117544566  prkag3b; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3b [KO:K07200]
117546918  prkag3a; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 [KO:K07200]
117542386  5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1-like [KO:K07200]
117558399  5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
117540443  foxo1a; forkhead box protein O1-A [KO:K07201]
117562657  forkhead box protein O1-A-like [KO:K07201]
117555114  ppargc1a; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha [KO:K07202]
117547372  g6pc3; glucose-6-phosphatase 3 [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
117547375  g6pca.2; glucose-6-phosphatase [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
117547376  g6pca.1; glucose-6-phosphatase a, catalytic subunit, tandem duplicate 1 [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
117546458  fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1-like [KO:K03841] [EC:3.1.3.11]
117546479  fbp2; fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase isozyme 2 [KO:K03841] [EC:3.1.3.11]
117561484  fbp1b; fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1b isoform X1 [KO:K03841] [EC:3.1.3.11]
117543621  pck2; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [GTP], mitochondrial [KO:K01596] [EC:4.1.1.32]
117556368  pck1; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic [GTP] [KO:K01596] [EC:4.1.1.32]
117532816  mtor; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117562535  rptor; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: regulatory-associated protein of mTOR [KO:K07204]
117551643  rps6kb1b; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117538454  rps6kb1a; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117560252  ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2-like isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117538004  rps6; 40S ribosomal protein S6 [KO:K02991]
117560996  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1-like [KO:K07205]
117532708  eif4e2; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03259]
117538218  eif4e1c; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E family member 1c [KO:K03259]
117553596  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-1A-like [KO:K03259]
117542408  eif4eb; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4eb [KO:K03259]
117559882  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E type 2-like [KO:K03259]
117539972  tsc1b; TSC complex subunit 1b [KO:K07206]
117561619  tsc2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tuberin [KO:K07207]
117551161  rhebl1; ras homolog, mTORC1 binding like 1 [KO:K07208]
117541129  rheb; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
117551507  badb; BCL2 associated agonist of cell death b [KO:K02158]
117553868  shc1; SHC-transforming protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06279]
117550979  shc2; SHC-transforming protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17447]
117538998  shc3; SHC-transforming protein 3 [KO:K17448]
117549247  SHC-transforming protein 1-like [KO:K17449]
117563188  growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]
117533890  sos2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: son of sevenless homolog 2 [KO:K03099]
117545900  GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
117544128  zgc:55558; GTPase HRas [KO:K07827]
117545716  kras; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
117541187  araf; serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform X1 [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117547129  braf; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117542983  raf1a; raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase a isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117538865  map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
117532733  map2k2b; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2b [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
117546153  map2k2a; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2a [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
117544100  mapk3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117546425  mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117550974  mknk1; MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 [KO:K04372] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117541957  mknk2b; MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2b [KO:K04372] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117533539  elk1; ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04375]
117551968  socs1a; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: suppressor of cytokine signaling 1a [KO:K04694]
117556073  suppressor of cytokine signaling 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04694]
117544360  socs3b; suppressor of cytokine signaling 3b [KO:K04696]
117548316  socs3a; suppressor of cytokine signaling 3a [KO:K04696]
117533674  socs4; suppressor of cytokine signaling 4 [KO:K04697]
117535024  tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1-like [KO:K05696] [EC:3.1.3.48]
117541926  receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F isoform X1 [KO:K05695] [EC:3.1.3.48]
117560524  ptprfa; protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Fa isoform X1 [KO:K05695] [EC:3.1.3.48]
117536791  mapk8a; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117532364  mapk8b; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117551262  mapk10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117555963  mapk9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117560475  ikbkb; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
117537622  inppl1b; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol polyphosphate phosphatase-like 1b [KO:K15909] [EC:3.1.3.86]
117534905  inppl1a; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase 2A [KO:K15909] [EC:3.1.3.86]
117550918  inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase A isoform X1 [KO:K01106] [EC:3.1.3.56]
117561002  inpp5l; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase A [KO:K01106] [EC:3.1.3.56]
Compound
C00031  D-Glucose
C00369  Starch
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:14635525
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Ogawa W, Kasuga M.
  Title
[Mechanism of insulin action and diabetes mellitus]
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Seikagaku 75:1332-44 (2003)
Reference
PMID:11282018
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Bevan P.
  Title
Insulin signalling.
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J Cell Sci 114:1429-30 (2001)
Reference
PMID:12867054
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Kanzaki M, Pessin JE.
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Insulin signaling: GLUT4 vesicles exit via the exocyst.
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Curr Biol 13:R574-6 (2003)
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Reference
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Identification of the APS protein as a novel insulin receptor substrate.
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J Biol Chem 274:11186-93 (1999)
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Reference
PMID:15733744
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Gual P, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Tanti JF.
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Positive and negative regulation of insulin signaling through IRS-1 phosphorylation.
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Biochimie 87:99-109 (2005)
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Reference
PMID:9748166
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Le Good JA, Ziegler WH, Parekh DB, Alessi DR, Cohen P, Parker PJ.
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Protein kinase C isotypes controlled by phosphoinositide 3-kinase through the protein kinase PDK1.
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Science 281:2042-5 (1998)
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Reference
PMID:11742412
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Saltiel AR, Kahn CR.
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Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Nature 414:799-806 (2001)
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Reference
PMID:15624019
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Inoki K, Corradetti MN, Guan KL.
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Dysregulation of the TSC-mTOR pathway in human disease.
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Nat Genet 37:19-24 (2005)
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Reference
PMID:16288289
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Ruggero D, Sonenberg N.
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The Akt of translational control.
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Oncogene 24:7426-34 (2005)
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Reference
PMID:10567225
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Nave BT, Ouwens M, Withers DJ, Alessi DR, Shepherd PR.
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Mammalian target of rapamycin is a direct target for protein kinase B: identification of a convergence point for opposing effects of insulin and amino-acid deficiency on protein translation.
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Biochem J 344 Pt 2:427-31 (1999)
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Reference
PMID:9445476
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Pullen N, Dennis PB, Andjelkovic M, Dufner A, Kozma SC, Hemmings BA, Thomas G.
  Title
Phosphorylation and activation of p70s6k by PDK1.
  Journal
Science 279:707-10 (1998)
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Reference
PMID:9609110
  Authors
Ogawa W, Matozaki T, Kasuga M.
  Title
Role of binding proteins to IRS-1 in insulin signalling.
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Mol Cell Biochem 182:13-22 (1998)
Reference
PMID:9609111
  Authors
Ceresa BP, Pessin JE.
  Title
Insulin regulation of the Ras activation/inactivation cycle.
  Journal
Mol Cell Biochem 182:23-9 (1998)
Reference
PMID:15229476
  Authors
Pollak MN, Schernhammer ES, Hankinson SE.
  Title
Insulin-like growth factors and neoplasia.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 4:505-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nrc1387
Reference
PMID:9346240
  Authors
Datta SR, Dudek H, Tao X, Masters S, Fu H, Gotoh Y, Greenberg ME.
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Akt phosphorylation of BAD couples survival signals to the cell-intrinsic death machinery.
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Cell 91:231-41 (1997)
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Reference
PMID:17344645
  Authors
Ferre P, Foufelle F
  Title
SREBP-1c transcription factor and lipid homeostasis: clinical perspective.
  Journal
Horm Res 68:72-82 (2007)
DOI:10.1159/000100426
Reference
PMID:18291668
  Authors
Raghow R, Yellaturu C, Deng X, Park EA, Elam MB
  Title
SREBPs: the crossroads of physiological and pathological lipid homeostasis.
  Journal
Trends Endocrinol Metab 19:65-73 (2008)
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Reference
PMID:11343120
  Authors
Clement S, Krause U, Desmedt F, Tanti JF, Behrends J, Pesesse X, Sasaki T, Penninger J, Doherty M, Malaisse W, Dumont JE, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Erneux C, Hue L, Schurmans S
  Title
The lipid phosphatase SHIP2 controls insulin sensitivity.
  Journal
Nature 409:92-7 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/35051094
Reference
PMID:12791379
  Authors
Backers K, Blero D, Paternotte N, Zhang J, Erneux C
  Title
The termination of PI3K signalling by SHIP1 and SHIP2 inositol 5-phosphatases.
  Journal
Adv Enzyme Regul 43:15-28 (2003)
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Related
pathway
gacu00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
gacu00061  Fatty acid biosynthesis
gacu00500  Starch and sucrose metabolism
gacu04010  MAPK signaling pathway
gacu04070  Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
gacu04210  Apoptosis
KO pathway
ko04910   
LinkDB

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