KEGG PATHWAY: acat04620

KEGG

PATHWAY: acat04620

Entry

acat04620                   Pathway

Name

Toll-like receptor signaling pathway - Aquarana catesbeiana (American bullfrog)

Description

Specific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors identified as homologs of Toll in Drosophila. Mammalian TLRs are expressed on innate immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, and respond to the membrane components of Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. Pathogen recognition by TLRs provokes rapid activation of innate immunity by inducing production of proinflammatory cytokines and upregulation of costimulatory molecules. TLR signaling pathways are separated into two groups: a MyD88-dependent pathway that leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines with quick activation of NF-{kappa}B and MAPK, and a MyD88-independent pathway associated with the induction of IFN-beta and IFN-inducible genes, and maturation of dendritic cells with slow activation of NF-{kappa}B and MAPK.

Class

Organismal Systems; Immune system

Pathway map

Toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Organism

Aquarana catesbeiana (American bullfrog) [GN:acat]

Gene

[KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]

TAB1; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04403]

JAK1; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 [KO:K11217] [EC:2.7.10.2]

JUN; transcription factor Jun [KO:K04448]

PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]

CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]

[KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]

AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]

PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]

MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]

IRAK1; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04730] [EC:2.7.11.1]

IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform X1 [KO:K07210]

NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]

PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]

TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]

FADD; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]

TOLLIP; toll-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K05402]

IRF7; interferon regulatory factor 7 [KO:K09447]

RELA; transcription factor p65 isoform X1 [KO:K04735]

TLR2; toll-like receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10159]

CD40; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03160]

MAP2K6; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 [KO:K04433] [EC:2.7.12.2]

TLR3; toll-like receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05401]

TRAF3; TNF receptor-associated factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K03174]

AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]

[KO:K01371] [EC:3.4.22.38]

CTSK; cathepsin K [KO:K01371] [EC:3.4.22.38]

NFKBIA; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734]

FOS; protein c-Fos [KO:K04379]

STAT2; signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 isoform X1 [KO:K11221]

TLR8; toll-like receptor 8 [KO:K10170]

[KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]

MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]

IRF5; interferon regulatory factor 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09446]

[KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]

MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]

IRAK4; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 [KO:K04733] [EC:2.7.11.1]

TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]

CD14; monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 [KO:K10159]

IL12B; interleukin-12 subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K05425]

IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]

MAP2K7; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04431] [EC:2.7.12.2]

TYK2; non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 [KO:K11219] [EC:2.7.10.2]

PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]

TICAM2; TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 2 [KO:K05409]

PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]

PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]

MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]

TAB2; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2 [KO:K04404]

TLR5; toll-like receptor 5 [KO:K10168]

MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]

MAP3K8; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8 [KO:K04415] [EC:2.7.11.25]

MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 [KO:K04729]

IL6; interleukin-6 [KO:K05405]

RIPK1; receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 [KO:K02861] [EC:2.7.11.1]

IRF9; interferon regulatory factor 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04693]

STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta [KO:K11220]

[KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]

[KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]

Reference

Authors

Kawai T, Akira S.

Title

TLR signaling.

Journal

Semin Immunol 19:24-32 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.smim.2006.12.004

Reference

Authors

O'Neill LA, Bowie AG.

Title

The family of five: TIR-domain-containing adaptors in Toll-like receptor signalling.

Journal

Nat Rev Immunol 7:353-64 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nri2079

Reference

Authors

Honda K, Taniguchi T.

Title

IRFs: master regulators of signalling by Toll-like receptors and cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors.

Journal

Nat Rev Immunol 6:644-58 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/nri1900

Reference

Authors

Uematsu S, Akira S.

Title

Toll-like receptors and Type I interferons.

Journal

J Biol Chem 282:15319-23 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.R700009200

Reference

Authors

Akira S, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O.

Title

Pathogen recognition and innate immunity.

Journal

Cell 124:783-801 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.015

Reference

Authors

Yamamoto M, Takeda K, Akira S.

Title

TIR domain-containing adaptors define the specificity of TLR signaling.

Journal

Mol Immunol 40:861-8 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.molimm.2003.10.006

Reference

Authors

Means TK, Hayashi F, Smith KD, Aderem A, Luster AD.

Title

The Toll-like receptor 5 stimulus bacterial flagellin induces maturation and chemokine production in human dendritic cells.

Journal

J Immunol 170:5165-75 (2003)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.170.10.5165

Reference

Authors

Aderem A, Smith KD.

Title

A systems approach to dissecting immunity and inflammation.

Journal

Semin Immunol 16:55-67 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.smim.2003.10.002

Reference

Authors

Banerjee A, Gerondakis S.

Title

Coordinating TLR-activated signaling pathways in cells of the immune system.

Journal

Immunol Cell Biol 85:420-4 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/sj.icb.7100098

Reference

Authors

Loniewski KJ, Patial S, Parameswaran N.

Title

Sensitivity of TLR4- and -7-induced NF kappa B1 p105-TPL2-ERK pathway to TNF-receptor-associated-factor-6 revealed by RNAi in mouse macrophages.

Journal

Mol Immunol 44:3715-23 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.molimm.2007.04.002

Reference

Authors

Arbibe L, Mira JP, Teusch N, Kline L, Guha M, Mackman N, Godowski PJ, Ulevitch RJ, Knaus UG.

Title

Toll-like receptor 2-mediated NF-kappa B activation requires a Rac1-dependent pathway.

Journal

Nat Immunol 1:533-40 (2000)
DOI:10.1038/82797

Reference

Authors

Uematsu S, Akira S.

Title

Toll-like receptors and innate immunity.

Journal

J Mol Med 84:712-25 (2006)
DOI:10.1007/s00109-006-0084-y

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KO pathway

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