Entry
Name
Endocytosis - Galeopterus variegatus (Sunda flying lemur)
Description
Endocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins entering through clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) have sequences in their cytoplasmic domains that bind to the APs (adaptor-related protein complexes) and enable their rapid removal from the PM. In addition to APs and clathrin, there are numerous accessory proteins including dynamin. Depending on the various proteins that enter the endosome membrane, these cargoes are sorted to distinct destinations. Some cargoes, such as nutrient receptors, are recycled back to the PM. Ubiquitylated membrane proteins, such as activated growth-factor receptors, are sorted into intraluminal vesicles and eventually end up in the lysosome lumen via multivesicular endosomes (MVEs). There are distinct mechanisms of clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) depending upon the cargo and the cell type.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Other DBs
Organism
Galeopterus variegatus (Sunda flying lemur) [GN:
gvr ]
Gene
103581300 ARFGAP1; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12492 ]
103583816 ARAP1; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18439 ]
103585098 AGAP3; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12491 ]
103585321 VTA1; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein VTA1 homolog [KO:K12199 ]
103585983 RUFY2; RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12482 ]
103586017 VPS26B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26B [KO:K18466 ]
103586598 VPS4A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4A [KO:K12196 ]
103586805 ACAP2; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12489 ]
103587189 PSD2; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
103587393 HGS; hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate [KO:K12182 ]
103587910 ARAP3; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12490 ]
103588099 GBF1; golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18443 ]
103588352 VPS36; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36 [KO:K12190 ]
103588743 VPS37A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37A isoform X1 [KO:K12185 ]
103589700 VPS28; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 28 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K12184 ]
103589847 VPS25; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 25 isoform X1 [KO:K12189 ]
103590046 LDLRAP1; low density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1 [KO:K12474 ]
103590157 CHMP4A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: charged multivesicular body protein 4a [KO:K12194 ]
103590181 CHMP2B; charged multivesicular body protein 2b isoform X1 [KO:K12192 ]
103590291 SMAD3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 isoform X1 [KO:K23605 ]
103590619 IQSEC1; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
103590623 ASAP3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12488 ]
103591428 ACAP1; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12489 ]
103591502 DNAJC6; putative tyrosine-protein phosphatase auxilin isoform X1 [KO:K09526 ]
103591938 STAM2; signal transducing adapter molecule 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04705 ]
103592031 AGAP1; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12491 ]
103592097 ARFGAP2; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 2 [KO:K12493 ]
103592518 CHMP7; charged multivesicular body protein 7 isoform X1 [KO:K15053 ]
103592898 SH3KBP1; SH3 domain-containing kinase-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12470 ]
103593196 EPS15; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15 isoform X1 [KO:K12472 ]
103594180 ARFGEF2; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 2 [KO:K18442 ]
103594530 ZFYVE9; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04679 ]
103594683 RAB11FIP2; rab11 family-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12484 ]
103594697 IQSEC3; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12495 ]
103594865 ACAP3; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12489 ]
103595276 ARPC5L; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5-like protein [KO:K05754 ]
103595718 RAB11FIP3; rab11 family-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12485 ]
103596382 ARFGAP3; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 3 [KO:K12493 ]
103596626 VPS35; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 [KO:K18468 ]
103596647 VPS37D; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37D isoform X1 [KO:K12185 ]
103597474 RUFY1; RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12482 ]
103597581 ARAP2; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K18440 ]
103598944 EPS15L1; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15-like 1 [KO:K12472 ]
103600532 VPS45; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 45 [KO:K12479 ]
103600830 PDCD6IP; programmed cell death 6-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K12200 ]
103602068 ARPC1B; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B isoform X1 [KO:K05757 ]
103602345 IGF2R; cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor [KO:K06564 ]
103603031 ASAP1; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12488 ]
103604738 ASAP2; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K12488 ]
103604949 VPS26A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26A [KO:K18466 ]
103604996 CAPZB; F-actin-capping protein subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K10365 ]
103605398 ZFYVE16; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 16 isoform X1 [KO:K04679 ]
103606047 TSG101; tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein isoform X1 [KO:K12183 ]
103606707 VPS4B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B [KO:K12196 ]
103609179 AGAP2; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K17848 ]
103610912 VPS37B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37B [KO:K12185 ]
Compound
C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C11556 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Acconcia F, Sigismund S, Polo S
Title
Ubiquitin in trafficking: the network at work.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Donaldson JG, Porat-Shliom N, Cohen LA
Title
Clathrin-independent endocytosis: a unique platform for cell signaling and PM remodeling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sorkin A
Title
Cargo recognition during clathrin-mediated endocytosis: a team effort.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Raiborg C, Stenmark H
Title
The ESCRT machinery in endosomal sorting of ubiquitylated membrane proteins.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Scita G, Di Fiore PP
Title
The endocytic matrix.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Le Roy C, Wrana JL
Title
Clathrin- and non-clathrin-mediated endocytic regulation of cell signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jovic M, Sharma M, Rahajeng J, Caplan S
Title
The early endosome: a busy sorting station for proteins at the crossroads.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pietiainen VM, Marjomaki V, Heino J, Hyypia T
Title
Viral entry, lipid rafts and caveosomes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Grant BD, Donaldson JG
Title
Pathways and mechanisms of endocytic recycling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cullen PJ, Korswagen HC
Title
Sorting nexins provide diversity for retromer-dependent trafficking events.
Journal
Related pathway
gvr04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
gvr04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
gvr04130 SNARE interactions in vesicular transport
KO pathway