Entry Name Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway - Mirounga leonina (Southern elephant seal)
Description Specific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting foreign DNA from invading microbes or host cells and generating innate immune responses. DAI is the first identified sensor of cytosolic DNA which activates the IRF and NF-{kappa}B transcription factors, leading to production of type I interferon and other cytokines. The second type of cytoplasmic DNA sensor is AIM2. Upon sensing DNA, AIM2 triggers the assembly of the inflammasome, culminating in interleukin maturation. In addition to these receptors, there is a mechanism to sense foreign DNA, with the host RNA polymerase III converting the DNA into RNA for recognition by the RNA sensor RIG-I. These pathways provide various means to alert the cell.
Class Organismal Systems; Immune systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Organism Mirounga leonina (Southern elephant seal) [GN:
mlx ]
Gene 117998630 POLR3H; DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC8 isoform X1 [KO:K03022 ]
117998694 POLR2F; DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC2 [KO:K03014 ]
117999148 POLR3E; DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC5 isoform X1 [KO:K14721 ]
118000256 POLR3C; DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC3 isoform X1 [KO:K03023 ]
118000267 POLR3GL; DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC7-like isoform X1 [KO:K03024 ]
118001182 POLR1C; DNA-directed RNA polymerases I and III subunit RPAC1 [KO:K03027 ]
118005252 POLR2E; DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC1 [KO:K03013 ]
118006902 POLR2H; DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC3 isoform X1 [KO:K03016 ]
118011200 POLR3F; DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC6 isoform X1 [KO:K03025 ]
118011281 MAVS; mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein isoform X1 [KO:K12648 ]
118011453 SAMHD1; deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase SAMHD1 isoform X1 [KO:K22544 ] [EC:3.1.5.-]
118013777 AIM2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interferon-inducible protein AIM2 [KO:K12966 ]
118015069 POLR2K; DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC4 [KO:K03009 ]
118016210 POLR2L; DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC5 [KO:K03007 ]
118016987 POLR3G; DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC7 isoform X1 [KO:K03024 ]
118021641 POLR3K; DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC10 [KO:K03019 ]
118022077 POLR3D; DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC4 isoform X1 [KO:K03026 ]
118026897 NLRP3; NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12800 ]
118027047 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580 ]
Compound Reference Authors Yanai H, Savitsky D, Tamura T, Taniguchi T
Title Regulation of the cytosolic DNA-sensing system in innate immunity: a current view.
Journal Reference Authors Vilaysane A, Muruve DA
Title The innate immune response to DNA.
Journal Reference Authors Takeshita F, Ishii KJ
Title Intracellular DNA sensors in immunity.
Journal Reference Authors Takaoka A, Shinohara S
Title DNA sensors in innate immune system.
Journal Reference Authors Takaoka A, Taniguchi T
Title Cytosolic DNA recognition for triggering innate immune responses.
Journal Reference Authors Kaiser WJ, Upton JW, Mocarski ES
Title Receptor-interacting protein homotypic interaction motif-dependent control of NF-kappa B activation via the DNA-dependent activator of IFN regulatory factors.
Journal Reference Authors Rebsamen M, Heinz LX, Meylan E, Michallet MC, Schroder K, Hofmann K, Vazquez J, Benedict CA, Tschopp J
Title DAI/ZBP1 recruits RIP1 and RIP3 through RIP homotypic interaction motifs to activate NF-kappaB.
Journal Reference Authors Wang Z, Choi MK, Ban T, Yanai H, Negishi H, Lu Y, Tamura T, Takaoka A, Nishikura K, Taniguchi T
Title Regulation of innate immune responses by DAI (DLM-1/ZBP1) and other DNA-sensing molecules.
Journal Reference Authors Stetson DB, Ko JS, Heidmann T, Medzhitov R
Title Trex1 prevents cell-intrinsic initiation of autoimmunity.
Journal Reference Authors Schroder K, Muruve DA, Tschopp J
Title Innate immunity: cytoplasmic DNA sensing by the AIM2 inflammasome.
Journal Reference Authors Krieg AM
Title AIMing 2 detect foreign DNA.
Journal Reference Authors O'Neill LA
Title DNA makes RNA makes innate immunity.
Journal Reference Authors Ishii KJ, Coban C, Kato H, Takahashi K, Torii Y, Takeshita F, Ludwig H, Sutter G, Suzuki K, Hemmi H, Sato S, Yamamoto M, Uematsu S, Kawai T, Takeuchi O, Akira S
Title A Toll-like receptor-independent antiviral response induced by double-stranded B-form DNA.
Journal Reference Authors Cao X
Title New DNA-sensing pathway feeds RIG-I with RNA.
Journal Reference Authors Sun L, Wu J, Du F, Chen X, Chen ZJ
Title Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates the type I interferon pathway.
Journal Reference Authors Gao M, He Y, Tang H, Chen X, Liu S, Tao Y
Title cGAS/STING: novel perspectives of the classic pathway.
Journal Reference Authors Benjamin P, Sudhakar S, D'Arco F, Lobel U, Carney O, Roux CJ, Boddaert N, Hemingway C, Eleftheriou D, Mankad K
Title Spectrum of Neuroradiologic Findings Associated with Monogenic Interferonopathies.
Journal Reference Authors Place DE, Lee S, Kanneganti TD
Title PANoptosis in microbial infection.
Journal Reference Authors Jiang W, Deng Z, Dai X, Zhao W
Title PANoptosis: A New Insight Into Oral Infectious Diseases.
Journal Reference Authors Wang Y, Kanneganti TD
Title From pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis to PANoptosis: A mechanistic compendium of programmed cell death pathways.
Journal Related mlx04621 NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
mlx04622 RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway
