KEGG   PATHWAY: nnt04140
Entry
nnt04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Nestor notabilis (Kea)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
nnt04140  Autophagy - animal
nnt04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Nestor notabilis (Kea) [GN:nnt]
Gene
104399045  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]
104399072  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
104399226  [KO:K23609]
104399433  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
104399438  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
104399485  TSC1; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
104399557  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
104399574  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein [KO:K17987]
104399690  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
104399709  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104399731  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104399765  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
104399856  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104399936  [KO:K16185]
104400031  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 [KO:K17908]
104400079  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
104400156  STX17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
104400216  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
104400218  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
104400258  [KO:K08268]
104400342  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
104400344  [KO:K07901]
104400446  [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
104400510  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
104400769  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
104400885  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104400981  [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
104401090  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 [KO:K21246]
104401151  SMCR8; smith-Magenis syndrome chromosomal region candidate gene 8 protein [KO:K23611]
104401392  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
104401440  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K21348]
104401496  [KO:K04551]
104401540  EIF2AK4; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 4 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104401663  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
104401803  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
104401809  MTMR3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: myotubularin-related protein 3 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
104401858  [KO:K10435]
104402000  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
104402014  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
104402052  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
104402233  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
104402235  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 isoform X1 [KO:K11248]
104402366  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
104402369  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
104402619  BECN1; beclin-1 [KO:K08334]
104402771  PRKAA2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
104402839  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
104402966  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
104402968  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator [KO:K04724]
104403295  ATG101; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
104403368  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
104403376  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
104403579  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
104403602  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 isoform X1 [KO:K14381]
104403786  GORASP2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
104403935  ZFYVE1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K17603]
104404053  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D [KO:K16186]
104404230  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104404378  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 [KO:K08266]
104404450  RAB1A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
104404492  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
104404578  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
104404908  [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104404955  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
104405182  [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104405296  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 [KO:K17985]
104405496  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204]
104405791  [KO:K20402]
104405836  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
104405857  [KO:K10435]
104405944  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 [KO:K17589]
104405988  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 [KO:K23610]
104406166  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog [KO:K21245]
104406248  [KO:K12650]
104406305  [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104406422  KIAA0226; run domain Beclin-1 interacting and cysteine-rich containing protein [KO:K19330]
104406529  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
104406674  [KO:K04551]
104406682  [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104406818  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
104406832  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991]
104406913  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
104407000  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
104407157  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
104407185  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20184]
104407219  OPTN; optineurin [KO:K19946]
104407620  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]
104407650  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104408030  [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
104408146  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
104408159  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
104408199  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
104408229  [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104408287  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
104408510  PIK3CA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
104408603  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
104408622  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
104408748  STX7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
104408795  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein [KO:K20183]
104408863  [KO:K21249]
104409189  [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104409203  TSC2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tuberin [KO:K07207]
104409204  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08339]
104409231  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 [KO:K26797]
104409356  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908]
104409374  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
104409431  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X1 [KO:K17890]
104409570  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 [KO:K08337]
104409733  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
104409766  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
104409789  [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
104410133  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
104410318  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104410402  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
104410560  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 [KO:K21248]
104410700  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
104410804  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b [KO:K07898]
104410866  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
104411253  [KO:K07925]
104411307  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
104411411  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog [KO:K23883]
104411558  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104411647  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104411865  [KO:K08341]
104412074  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
104412202  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 [KO:K06528]
104412283  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
104412554  IRS1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
104412631  CTSB; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
104412653  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
104412765  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
104412828  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
104412858  HRAS; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
104412900  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
104413100  [KO:K10435]
104413180  [KO:K02649]
104413293  [KO:K07187]
104413381  [KO:K20402]
104413410  MTMR4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: myotubularin-related protein 4 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
104413597  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
104413669  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B [KO:K17906]
104413802  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
nnt04010  MAPK signaling pathway
nnt04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
nnt04142  Lysosome
nnt04150  mTOR signaling pathway
nnt04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   

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