Entry Name Toll-like receptor signaling pathway - Monopterus albus (swamp eel)
Description Specific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors identified as homologs of Toll in Drosophila. Mammalian TLRs are expressed on innate immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, and respond to the membrane components of Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. Pathogen recognition by TLRs provokes rapid activation of innate immunity by inducing production of proinflammatory cytokines and upregulation of costimulatory molecules. TLR signaling pathways are separated into two groups: a MyD88-dependent pathway that leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines with quick activation of NF-{kappa}B and MAPK, and a MyD88-independent pathway associated with the induction of IFN-beta and IFN-inducible genes, and maturation of dendritic cells with slow activation of NF-{kappa}B and MAPK.
Class Organismal Systems; Immune systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map malb04620 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
Ortholog table Organism Monopterus albus (swamp eel) [GN:
malb ]
Gene 109951867 pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
109974067 phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
109969865 pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
109971552 pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
109957384 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
109965201 pik3r3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
109969301 pik3r2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
109969763 pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
109970672 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma-like [KO:K02649 ]
109966856 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma-like isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
109961464 myd88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 [KO:K04729 ]
109960369 toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein-like [KO:K05403 ]
109960391 tirap; toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein [KO:K05403 ]
109954257 toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein-like [KO:K05403 ]
109975048 tab1; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1 [KO:K04403 ]
109968091 tab2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2 [KO:K04404 ]
109956744 nfkb1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit [KO:K02580 ]
109966220 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5-like [KO:K03160 ]
109971027 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5-like [KO:K03160 ]
109951988 interleukin-22 receptor subunit alpha-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05131 ]
109955685 stat1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta [KO:K11220 ]
109956049 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta-like [KO:K11221 ]
Reference Authors Kawai T, Akira S.
Title TLR signaling.
Journal Reference Authors O'Neill LA, Bowie AG.
Title The family of five: TIR-domain-containing adaptors in Toll-like receptor signalling.
Journal Reference Authors Honda K, Taniguchi T.
Title IRFs: master regulators of signalling by Toll-like receptors and cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors.
Journal Reference Authors Uematsu S, Akira S.
Title Toll-like receptors and Type I interferons.
Journal Reference Authors Akira S, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O.
Title Pathogen recognition and innate immunity.
Journal Reference Authors Yamamoto M, Takeda K, Akira S.
Title TIR domain-containing adaptors define the specificity of TLR signaling.
Journal Reference Authors Means TK, Hayashi F, Smith KD, Aderem A, Luster AD.
Title The Toll-like receptor 5 stimulus bacterial flagellin induces maturation and chemokine production in human dendritic cells.
Journal Reference Authors Aderem A, Smith KD.
Title A systems approach to dissecting immunity and inflammation.
Journal Reference Authors Banerjee A, Gerondakis S.
Title Coordinating TLR-activated signaling pathways in cells of the immune system.
Journal Reference Authors Loniewski KJ, Patial S, Parameswaran N.
Title Sensitivity of TLR4- and -7-induced NF kappa B1 p105-TPL2-ERK pathway to TNF-receptor-associated-factor-6 revealed by RNAi in mouse macrophages.
Journal Reference Authors Arbibe L, Mira JP, Teusch N, Kline L, Guha M, Mackman N, Godowski PJ, Ulevitch RJ, Knaus UG.
Title Toll-like receptor 2-mediated NF-kappa B activation requires a Rac1-dependent pathway.
Journal Reference Authors Uematsu S, Akira S.
Title Toll-like receptors and innate immunity.
Journal Related malb04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
KO pathway LinkDB All DBs
