Entry Name Glutamatergic synapse - Mus pahari (shrew mouse)
Description Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system(CNS). Glutamate is packaged into synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal. Once released into the synaptic cleft, glutamate acts on postsynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) to mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission. Glutamate can also act on metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and exert a variety of modulatory effects through their coupling to G proteins and the subsequent recruitment of second messenger systems. Presynaptically localized Group II and Group III mGluRs are thought to represent the classical inhibitory autoreceptor mechanism that suppresses excess glutamate release. After its action on these receptors, glutamate can be removed from the synaptic cleft by EAATs located either on the presynaptic terminal, neighboring glial cells, or the postsynaptic neuron. In glia, glutamate is converted to glutamine, which is then transported back to the presynaptic terminal and converted back to glutamate.
Class Organismal Systems; Nervous systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Ortholog table Other DBs Organism Mus pahari (shrew mouse) [GN:
mpah ]
Gene 110334840 Slc38a1; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K14990 ]
110334737 Slc38a2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 [KO:K14207 ]
110324671 Slc17a7; vesicular glutamate transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12302 ]
110326645 Slc17a8; vesicular glutamate transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12302 ]
110329864 Grik1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05201 ]
110326190 Grik2; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05202 ]
110322782 Grik3; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05203 ]
110336210 Grik5; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5 isoform X1 [KO:K05205 ]
110319261 Grin1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05208 ]
110322986 Grin3a; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A isoform X1 [KO:K05213 ]
110321008 Ppp3ca; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
110325335 Ppp3cb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
110325367 Ppp3cc; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
110324937 Shank2; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K15009 ]
110313973 Shank1; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 1 [KO:K15009 ]
110334979 Shank3; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 3 [KO:K15009 ]
110318822 Lzts3; leucine zipper putative tumor suppressor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K26472 ]
110327455 Trpc1; short transient receptor potential channel 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04964 ]
110336980 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
110336671 Plcb3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
110318415 Plcb2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
110319646 Plcb1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
110317210 Itpr1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
110317251 Itpr2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
110317699 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X1 [KO:K04632 ]
110314435 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04630 ]
110327202 Gnai2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04630 ]
110319821 Gnai3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630 ]
110337832 Gnao1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534 ]
110323886 Gnb1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
110339066 Gnb2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537 ]
110315943 Gnb3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K07825 ]
110319942 Gnb4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04538 ]
110327390 Gnb5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539 ]
110325248 Gng2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826 ]
110328669 Gng3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
110333990 Gng4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
110320648 Gng5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
110326936 Gng7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
110336982 Gng8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544 ]
110323053 Gng10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545 ]
110316700 Gng11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
110314464 Gng12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
110338062 Gng13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547 ]
110317162 Gngt1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548 ]
110331696 Gngt2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
110318546 Kcnj3; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04997 ]
110337404 Cacna1a; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A isoform X1 [KO:K04344 ]
110317544 Slc1a2; excitatory amino acid transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05613 ]
110317086 Cacna1c; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850 ]
110325961 Cacna1d; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
110328755 Slc1a3; excitatory amino acid transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05614 ]
110327384 Slc38a3; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K13576 ]
Compound C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference Authors Niswender CM, Conn PJ
Title Metabotropic glutamate receptors: physiology, pharmacology, and disease.
Journal Reference Authors Ferraguti F, Crepaldi L, Nicoletti F
Title Metabotropic glutamate 1 receptor: current concepts and perspectives.
Journal Reference Authors Hermans E, Challiss RA
Title Structural, signalling and regulatory properties of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors: prototypic family C G-protein-coupled receptors.
Journal Reference Authors Kim CH, Lee J, Lee JY, Roche KW
Title Metabotropic glutamate receptors: phosphorylation and receptor signaling.
Journal Reference Authors Meador-Woodruff JH, Clinton SM, Beneyto M, McCullumsmith RE
Title Molecular abnormalities of the glutamate synapse in the thalamus in schizophrenia.
Journal Reference Authors Sanacora G, Zarate CA, Krystal JH, Manji HK
Title Targeting the glutamatergic system to develop novel, improved therapeutics for mood disorders.
Journal Reference Authors Gass JT, Olive MF
Title Glutamatergic substrates of drug addiction and alcoholism.
Journal Reference Authors Palmada M, Centelles JJ
Title Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission. Pathways for metabolism, storage and reuptake of glutamate in brain.
Journal Reference Authors Schoepp DD
Title Unveiling the functions of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors in the central nervous system.
Journal J Pharmacol Exp Ther 299:12-20 (2001)
Reference Authors de Jong AP, Verhage M
Title Presynaptic signal transduction pathways that modulate synaptic transmission.
Journal Reference Authors Pinheiro PS, Mulle C
Title Presynaptic glutamate receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of action.
Journal Reference Authors Byrnes KR, Loane DJ, Faden AI
Title Metabotropic glutamate receptors as targets for multipotential treatment of neurological disorders.
Journal Reference Authors Conti F, Weinberg RJ
Title Shaping excitation at glutamatergic synapses.
Journal Reference Authors Sheng M, Kim MJ
Title Postsynaptic signaling and plasticity mechanisms.
Journal Related KO pathway LinkDB All DBs
