KEGG   PATHWAY: npo04713
Entry
npo04713                    Pathway                                
Name
Circadian entrainment - Nyctereutes procyonoides (raccoon dog)
Description
Circadian entrainment is a fundamental property by which the period of the internal biological clock is entrained by recurring exogenous signals, such that the organism's endocrine and behavioral rhythms are synchronized to environmental cues. In mammals, a master clock is located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus and may synchronize circadian oscillators in peripheral tissues. Light signal is the dominant synchronizer for master SCN clock. Downstream from the retina, glutamate and PACAP are released and trigger the activation of signal transduction cascades, including CamKII and nNOS activity, cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Of non-photic entrainment, important phase shifting capabilities have been found for melatonin, which inhibits light-induced phase shifts through inhibition of adenylate cyclase (AC). Multiple entrainment pathways converge into CREB regulation. In turn, phosphorylated CREB activates clock gene expression.
Class
Organismal Systems; Environmental adaptation
Pathway map
npo04713  Circadian entrainment
npo04713

Other DBs
GO: 0009649
Organism
Nyctereutes procyonoides (raccoon dog) [GN:npo]
Gene
129505656  GRIN1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05208]
129520006  GRIN2A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A isoform X1 [KO:K05209]
129517144  GRIN2B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B [KO:K05210]
129511343  GRIN2C; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C [KO:K05211]
129500619  GRIN2D; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D [KO:K05212]
129495972  CALM1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
129497741  CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
129506414  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
129500769  CALM3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
129511712  CALM2; calmodulin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
129513685  calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
129513765  CALML5; calmodulin-like protein 5 [KO:K02183]
129515997  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
129509461  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
129509507  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
129521159  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
129508386  NOS1; nitric oxide synthase, brain [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
129502349  mitogen-activated protein kinase 3-like [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
129507918  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
129519082  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
129496343  RPS6KA5; ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-5 [KO:K04445] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129522997  CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870]
129518269  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1-like [KO:K05870]
129521608  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
129512495  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
129499919  RYR1; ryanodine receptor 1 [KO:K04961]
129499256  RYR2; ryanodine receptor 2 [KO:K04962]
129504130  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 [KO:K04963]
129515191  NOS1AP; carboxyl-terminal PDZ ligand of neuronal nitric oxide synthase protein isoform X1 [KO:K16513]
129497757  RASD1; dexamethasone-induced Ras-related protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07843]
129494269  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
129519569  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630]
129522106  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
129513852  GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534]
129497735  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
129520313  GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
129503454  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825]
129498348  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
129506463  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04539]
129496421  GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
129501173  GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
129499161  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04541]
129520219  GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
129520847  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542]
129522362  GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
129499702  GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544]
129494664  GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
129498223  GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
129519244  GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
129521436  GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347]
129519415  GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
129498294  GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548]
129512848  GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
129509702  GRIA1; glutamate receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05197]
129516741  GRIA2; glutamate receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05198]
129518361  GRIA3; glutamate receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05199]
129497696  GRIA4; glutamate receptor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05200]
129506710  CACNA1G; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G isoform X1 [KO:K04854]
129519824  CACNA1H; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H [KO:K04855]
129511858  CACNA1I; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I [KO:K04856]
129509019  ADCYAP1; pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide [KO:K05262]
129502932  ADCYAP1R1; pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type I receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04587]
129497792  GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
129497848  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 [KO:K04632]
129512833  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
129515724  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 1-like [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129516202  adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129498939  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129510932  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129499511  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129503910  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129517234  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X1 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129513386  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129502672  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129519450  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129508573  ADCY10; adenylate cyclase type 10 [KO:K11265] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129512837  adenylate cyclase type 10-like [KO:K11265] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129519960  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
129521768  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
129497364  GUCY1A2; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
129517001  GUCY1A1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-1 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
129516578  guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-2-like [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
129516745  GUCY1B1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
129507909  PRKG1; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07376] [EC:2.7.11.12]
129501897  PRKG2; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K19477] [EC:2.7.11.12]
129503382  CACNA1C; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C [KO:K04850]
129521343  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D [KO:K04851]
129506600  MTNR1B; melatonin receptor type 1B [KO:K04286]
129503587  MTNR1A; melatonin receptor type 1A [KO:K04285]
129500644  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
129496894  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
129504276  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
129497646  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
129500550  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
129494612  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
129519978  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
129500385  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
129498792  KCNJ3; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04997]
129497495  KCNJ5; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4 [KO:K04999]
129501980  KCNJ6; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05000]
129515270  KCNJ9; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 3 [KO:K05002]
129497318  PER1; period circadian protein homolog 1 [KO:K21944]
129523451  PER2; period circadian protein homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02633]
129497081  PER3; period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X1 [KO:K21945]
129496401  FOS; protein c-Fos [KO:K04379]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00942  3',5'-Cyclic GMP
C01330  Sodium cation
C01598  Melatonin
Reference
PMID:17646042
  Authors
Brown TM, Piggins HD
  Title
Electrophysiology of the suprachiasmatic circadian clock.
  Journal
Prog Neurobiol 82:229-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2007.05.002
Reference
PMID:19109992
  Authors
Dickson L, Finlayson K
  Title
VPAC and PAC receptors: From ligands to function.
  Journal
Pharmacol Ther 121:294-316 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.11.006
Reference
PMID:20664079
  Authors
Golombek DA, Rosenstein RE
  Title
Physiology of circadian entrainment.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 90:1063-102 (2010)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00009.2009
Reference
PMID:16217123
  Authors
Dubocovich ML, Markowska M
  Title
Functional MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors in mammals.
  Journal
Endocrine 27:101-10 (2005)
DOI:10.1385/ENDO:27:2:101
Reference
PMID:20605968
  Authors
Dubocovich ML, Delagrange P, Krause DN, Sugden D, Cardinali DP, Olcese J
  Title
International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXV. Nomenclature, classification, and pharmacology of G protein-coupled melatonin receptors.
  Journal
Pharmacol Rev 62:343-80 (2010)
DOI:10.1124/pr.110.002832
Reference
PMID:19449447
  Authors
Hardeland R
  Title
Melatonin: signaling mechanisms of a pleiotropic agent.
  Journal
Biofactors 35:183-92 (2009)
DOI:10.1002/biof.23
Reference
PMID:12700026
  Authors
Golombek DA, Ferreyra GA, Agostino PV, Murad AD, Rubio MF, Pizzio GA, Katz ME, Marpegan L, Bekinschtein TA
  Title
From light to genes: moving the hands of the circadian clock.
  Journal
Front Biosci 8:s285-93 (2003)
DOI:10.2741/1038
Reference
PMID:17586087
  Authors
Mertens I, Husson SJ, Janssen T, Lindemans M, Schoofs L
  Title
PACAP and PDF signaling in the regulation of mammalian and insect circadian rhythms.
  Journal
Peptides 28:1775-83 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.peptides.2007.05.005
Reference
PMID:15813931
  Authors
Kim DY, Choi HJ, Kim JS, Kim YS, Jeong DU, Shin HC, Kim MJ, Han HC, Hong SK, Kim YI
  Title
Voltage-gated calcium channels play crucial roles in the glutamate-induced phase shifts of the rat suprachiasmatic circadian clock.
  Journal
Eur J Neurosci 21:1215-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.03950.x
Reference
PMID:15016477
  Authors
Agostino PV, Ferreyra GA, Murad AD, Watanabe Y, Golombek DA
  Title
Diurnal, circadian and photic regulation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the hamster suprachiasmatic nuclei.
  Journal
Neurochem Int 44:617-25 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.neuint.2003.09.005
Reference
PMID:11294753
  Authors
Ferreyra GA, Golombek DA
  Title
Rhythmicity of the cGMP-related signal transduction pathway in the mammalian circadian system.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 280:R1348-55 (2001)
DOI:10.1152/ajpregu.2001.280.5.R1348
Reference
PMID:15930378
  Authors
Butcher GQ, Lee B, Cheng HY, Obrietan K
  Title
Light stimulates MSK1 activation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus via a PACAP-ERK/MAP kinase-dependent mechanism.
  Journal
J Neurosci 25:5305-13 (2005)
DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4361-04.2005
Reference
PMID:10446325
  Authors
Hamada T, Niki T, Ziging P, Sugiyama T, Watanabe S, Mikoshiba K, Ishida N
  Title
Differential expression patterns of inositol trisphosphate receptor types 1 and 3 in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus.
  Journal
Brain Res 838:131-5 (1999)
DOI:10.1016/S0006-8993(99)01719-9
Reference
PMID:10208575
  Authors
Diaz-Munoz M, Dent MA, Granados-Fuentes D, Hall AC, Hernandez-Cruz A, Harrington ME, Aguilar-Roblero R
  Title
Circadian modulation of the ryanodine receptor type 2 in the SCN of rodents.
  Journal
Neuroreport 10:481-6 (1999)
DOI:10.1097/00001756-199902250-00007
Reference
PMID:11086993
  Authors
Fang M, Jaffrey SR, Sawa A, Ye K, Luo X, Snyder SH
  Title
Dexras1: a G protein specifically coupled to neuronal nitric oxide synthase via CAPON.
  Journal
Neuron 28:183-93 (2000)
DOI:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)00095-7
Reference
PMID:12573527
  Authors
Takahashi H, Umeda N, Tsutsumi Y, Fukumura R, Ohkaze H, Sujino M, van der Horst G, Yasui A, Inouye ST, Fujimori A, Ohhata T, Araki R, Abe M
  Title
Mouse dexamethasone-induced RAS protein 1 gene is expressed in a circadian rhythmic manner in the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
  Journal
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 110:1-6 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0169-328X(02)00543-0
Reference
PMID:17167088
  Authors
Cheng HY, Dziema H, Papp J, Mathur DP, Koletar M, Ralph MR, Penninger JM, Obrietan K
  Title
The molecular gatekeeper Dexras1 sculpts the photic responsiveness of the mammalian circadian clock.
  Journal
J Neurosci 26:12984-95 (2006)
DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4253-06.2006
Related
pathway
npo04010  MAPK signaling pathway
npo04710  Circadian rhythm
KO pathway
ko04713   
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