KEGG   PATHWAY: panu04261
Entry
panu04261                   Pathway                                
Name
Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes - Papio anubis (olive baboon)
Description
Cardiac myocytes express at least six subtypes of adrenergic receptor (AR) which include three subtypes of beta-AR (beta-1, beta-2, beta-3) and three subtypes of the alpha-1-AR (alpha-1A, alpha-1B, and alpha-1C). In the human heart the beta-1-AR is the pre- dominate receptor. Acute sympathetic stimulation of cardiac beta-1-ARs induces positive inotropic and chronotropic effects, the most effective mechanism to acutely increase output of the heart, by coupling to Gs, formation of cAMP by adenylyl cyclase (AC), and PKA- dependent phosphorylation of various target proteins (e.g., ryanodine receptor [RyR]; phospholamban [PLB], troponin I [TnI], and the L-type Ca2+ channel [LTCC]). Chronic beta-1-AR stimulation is detrimental and induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis. beta-2-AR coupled to Gs exerts a proapoptotic action as well as beta-1-AR, while beta-2-AR coupled to Gi exerts an antiapoptotic action.
Class
Organismal Systems; Circulatory system
Pathway map
panu04261  Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes
panu04261

Other DBs
GO: 0001997
Organism
Papio anubis (olive baboon) [GN:panu]
Gene
110740390  ADRB1; beta-1 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04141]
101001177  ADRB2; beta-2 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04142]
103887915  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 [KO:K04632]
101006785  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X2 [KO:K04632]
100998237  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101006754  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101006469  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101021139  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101014828  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101008785  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X3 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101000833  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101007115  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X3 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101004325  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 isoform X2 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101007773  BVES; blood vessel epicardial substance [KO:K21108]
101023810  POPDC2; popeye domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K26206]
101008366  POPDC3; popeye domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K26207]
103877952  KCNK2; potassium channel subfamily K member 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04913]
101026251  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X15 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
101026282  PRKACG; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
101020553  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
101014462  ATP1A4; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
103877144  ATP1A2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
101007483  ATP1A1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
101015462  ATP1A3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
101006820  ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540]
101021451  ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 isoform X2 [KO:K01540]
101006275  ATP1B2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540]
101010604  ATP1B4; protein ATP1B4 isoform X2 [KO:K01540]
103877943  FXYD2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma isoform X2 [KO:K01538]
101025420  SLC9A1; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 [KO:K05742]
101004262  KCNQ1; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04926]
101022175  KCNE1; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1 [KO:K04894]
101022739  ATP2B4; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
101013979  ATP2B1; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
101021808  ATP2B2; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 2 isoform X5 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
101008158  ATP2B3; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 3 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
101026732  SLC8A1; sodium/calcium exchanger 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
101014415  SLC8A3; sodium/calcium exchanger 3 isoform X5 [KO:K05849]
101026425  SLC8A2; sodium/calcium exchanger 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
101002307  SCN5A; sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K04838]
101003789  SCN7A; sodium channel protein type 7 subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04839]
101024787  SCN1B; sodium channel subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04845]
101023820  SCN4B; sodium channel subunit beta-4 isoform X2 [KO:K04848]
101026237  CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X7 [KO:K04850]
101002070  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X6 [KO:K04851]
101019865  CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F [KO:K04853]
101025213  CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S isoform X1 [KO:K04857]
100999288  CACNB1; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04862]
101013479  CACNB2; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 isoform X5 [KO:K04863]
101009342  CACNB3; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3 isoform X2 [KO:K04864]
101021665  CACNB4; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04865]
101018169  CACNA2D1; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04858]
101003565  voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2 [KO:K04859]
100999030  CACNA2D3; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K04860]
101021906  CACNA2D4; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-4 [KO:K04861]
101017585  CACNG1; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit [KO:K04866]
101009456  CACNG2; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit [KO:K04867]
101010591  CACNG3; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-3 subunit [KO:K04868]
101017225  CACNG4; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit [KO:K04869]
101016897  CACNG5; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-5 subunit [KO:K04870]
101024211  CACNG6; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-6 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04871]
100137334  CACNG7; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-7 subunit [KO:K04872]
101026427  CACNG8; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-8 subunit [KO:K04873]
101017532  CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
100997835  CALML5; calmodulin-like protein 5 [KO:K02183]
100997036  CALM2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
101019754  CALML4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
101007101  CALM1; calmodulin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
101011767  CALM3; calmodulin-3 isoform X2 [KO:K02183]
100998530  CALML3; calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
116269450  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma-like isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
116269451  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma-like isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
101008925  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X10 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
101009984  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X37 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
101011087  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
101019885  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X18 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
101014706  RYR2; ryanodine receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04962]
101021745  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
101011206  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
101003925  PPP2R1B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform isoform X4 [KO:K03456]
101000613  PPP2R1A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform [KO:K03456]
101020551  PPP2R2C; protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B, gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04354]
101017040  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B alpha isoform [KO:K04354]
116272968  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B alpha isoform [KO:K04354]
101020796  PPP2R2B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B beta isoform isoform X6 [KO:K04354]
101011219  PPP2R2D; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04354]
101021204  PPP2R3A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K11583]
101020710  PPP2R3C; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K11583]
101011174  PPP2R5D; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit delta isoform [KO:K11584]
100997528  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform [KO:K11584]
101006765  PPP2R5E; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit epsilon isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584]
101010611  PPP2R5C; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584]
100137475  PPP2R5B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit beta isoform [KO:K11584]
101007684  PPP2R5A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584]
101025668  PPP1CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
101016118  PPP1CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit isoform X2 [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
101014342  PPP1CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-alpha catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
101014005  TNNC1; troponin C, slow skeletal and cardiac muscles [KO:K05865]
101018203  TNNI3; troponin I, cardiac muscle [KO:K12044]
101017899  TNNT2; troponin T, cardiac muscle isoform X8 [KO:K12045]
116268657  tropomyosin alpha-1 chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K10373]
101011091  TPM1; tropomyosin alpha-1 chain isoform X11 [KO:K10373]
101019479  TPM2; tropomyosin beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K10374]
101022375  TPM3; tropomyosin alpha-3 chain isoform X17 [KO:K09290]
110743595  tropomyosin alpha-4 chain-like [KO:K10375]
101013573  TPM4; tropomyosin alpha-4 chain isoform X4 [KO:K10375]
101020447  ACTC1; actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1 [KO:K12314]
101005856  myosin-6 [KO:K17751]
101010605  myosin-7 [KO:K17751]
100997019  MYL2; myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform [KO:K10351]
100997992  MYL3; myosin light chain 3 [KO:K12749]
101011515  MYL4; myosin light chain 4 [KO:K12750]
101007188  PLN; cardiac phospholamban [KO:K05852]
101021063  ATP2A2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
101009959  ATP2A3; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
100999076  ATP2A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
101013870  AGT; angiotensinogen isoform X2 [KO:K09821]
101003219  AGTR1; type-1 angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04166]
101002065  AGTR2; type-2 angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04167]
101022117  ADRA1A; alpha-1A adrenergic receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04135]
101026435  ADRA1B; alpha-1B adrenergic receptor [KO:K04136]
101011221  ADRA1D; alpha-1D adrenergic receptor [KO:K04137]
101024177  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K04634]
101012903  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100998763  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100999120  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X5 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101010000  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101016532  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X4 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101006572  PPP1R1A; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1A isoform X2 [KO:K08050]
101012041  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101006756  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101012148  RPS6KA5; ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04445] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101011350  ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450]
101013627  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
101017891  CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
101004296  CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
101020406  CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 [KO:K09048]
101004434  CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
101008452  CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048]
101007514  CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X4 [KO:K09047]
101010751  CREM; cAMP-responsive element modulator isoform X11 [KO:K09052]
101026183  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X3 [KO:K02161]
101025773  rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 isoform X2 [KO:K08014]
116268864  RAPGEF3; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08014]
116273061  rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3-like [KO:K08014]
100997024  RAPGEF4; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04351]
101001103  MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 isoform X2 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101002393  MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101024189  MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101024771  MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101011013  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
101011251  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04630]
101020528  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04630]
101018542  PIK3CG; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K21289] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101000692  PIK3R6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K21290]
101001384  PIK3R5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K21290]
100997634  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101000402  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100381179  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00788  L-Adrenaline
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
C07056  Isoproterenol
Reference
PMID:19883653
  Authors
Grimm M, Brown JH
  Title
Beta-adrenergic receptor signaling in the heart: role of CaMKII.
  Journal
J Mol Cell Cardiol 48:322-30 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.10.016
Reference
PMID:21212391
  Authors
Yang JH, Saucerman JJ
  Title
Computational models reduce complexity and accelerate insight into cardiac signaling networks.
  Journal
Circ Res 108:85-97 (2011)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.223602
Reference
PMID:16765984
  Authors
Schaub MC, Hefti MA, Zaugg M
  Title
Integration of calcium with the signaling network in cardiac myocytes.
  Journal
J Mol Cell Cardiol 41:183-214 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2006.04.005
Reference
PMID:22022314
  Authors
Taggart P, Boyett MR, Logantha S, Lambiase PD
  Title
Anger, emotion, and arrhythmias: from brain to heart.
  Journal
Front Physiol 2:67 (2011)
DOI:10.3389/fphys.2011.00067
Reference
PMID:17988210
  Authors
Bers DM
  Title
Calcium cycling and signaling in cardiac myocytes.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 70:23-49 (2008)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100455
Reference
PMID:20923637
  Authors
Soltis AR, Saucerman JJ
  Title
Synergy between CaMKII substrates and beta-adrenergic signaling in regulation of cardiac myocyte Ca(2+) handling.
  Journal
Biophys J 99:2038-47 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.bpj.2010.08.016
Reference
PMID:12439640
  Authors
Wallukat G
  Title
The beta-adrenergic receptors.
  Journal
Herz 27:683-90 (2002)
DOI:10.1007/s00059-002-2434-z
Reference
PMID:11604549
  Authors
Xiao RP
  Title
Beta-adrenergic signaling in the heart: dual coupling of the beta2-adrenergic receptor to G(s) and G(i) proteins.
  Journal
Sci STKE 2001:re15 (2001)
DOI:10.1126/stke.2001.104.re15
Reference
PMID:10571541
  Authors
Xiao RP, Cheng H, Zhou YY, Kuschel M, Lakatta EG
  Title
Recent advances in cardiac beta(2)-adrenergic signal transduction.
  Journal
Circ Res 85:1092-100 (1999)
DOI:10.1161/01.RES.85.11.1092
Reference
PMID:15979723
  Authors
Zheng M, Zhu W, Han Q, Xiao RP
  Title
Emerging concepts and therapeutic implications of beta-adrenergic receptor subtype signaling.
  Journal
Pharmacol Ther 108:257-68 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.04.006
Reference
PMID:17826821
  Authors
Kuzumoto M, Takeuchi A, Nakai H, Oka C, Noma A, Matsuoka S
  Title
Simulation analysis of intracellular Na+ and Cl- homeostasis during beta 1-adrenergic stimulation of cardiac myocyte.
  Journal
Prog Biophys Mol Biol 96:171-86 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2007.07.005
Reference
PMID:11805843
  Authors
Bers DM
  Title
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling.
  Journal
Nature 415:198-205 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/415198a
Reference
PMID:20658186
  Authors
Ho D, Yan L, Iwatsubo K, Vatner DE, Vatner SF
  Title
Modulation of beta-adrenergic receptor signaling in heart failure and longevity: targeting adenylyl cyclase type 5.
  Journal
Heart Fail Rev 15:495-512 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s10741-010-9183-5
Reference
PMID:15142747
  Authors
Saucerman JJ, McCulloch AD
  Title
Mechanistic systems models of cell signaling networks: a case study of myocyte adrenergic regulation.
  Journal
Prog Biophys Mol Biol 85:261-78 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2004.01.005
Reference
PMID:15765137
  Authors
Yano M, Ikeda Y, Matsuzaki M
  Title
Altered intracellular Ca2+ handling in heart failure.
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:556-64 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI24159
Reference
PMID:15232578
  Authors
Wehrens XH, Marks AR
  Title
Novel therapeutic approaches for heart failure by normalizing calcium cycling.
  Journal
Nat Rev Drug Discov 3:565-73 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nrd1440
Reference
PMID:19874988
  Authors
Triposkiadis F, Karayannis G, Giamouzis G, Skoularigis J, Louridas G, Butler J
  Title
The sympathetic nervous system in heart failure physiology, pathophysiology, and clinical implications.
  Journal
J Am Coll Cardiol 54:1747-62 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.05.015
Reference
PMID:18407781
  Authors
Barry SP, Davidson SM, Townsend PA
  Title
Molecular regulation of cardiac hypertrophy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 40:2023-39 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2008.02.020
Related
pathway
panu04020  Calcium signaling pathway
panu04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
panu04260  Cardiac muscle contraction
KO pathway
ko04261   
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