KEGG   PATHWAY: pov04910
Entry
pov04910                    Pathway                                
Name
Insulin signaling pathway - Paralichthys olivaceus (Japanese flounder)
Description
Insulin binding to its receptor results in the tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrates (IRS) by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase (INSR). This allows association of IRSs with the regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PI3K activates 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), which activates Akt, a serine kinase. Akt in turn deactivates glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), leading to activation of glycogen synthase (GYS) and thus glycogen synthesis. Activation of Akt also results in the translocation of GLUT4 vesicles from their intracellular pool to the plasma membrane, where they allow uptake of glucose into the cell. Akt also leads to mTOR-mediated activation of protein synthesis by eIF4 and p70S6K. The translocation of GLUT4 protein is also elicited through the CAP/Cbl/TC10 pathway, once Cbl is phosphorylated by INSR.
Other signal transduction proteins interact with IRS including GRB2. GRB2 is part of the cascade including SOS, RAS, RAF and MEK that leads to activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and mitogenic responses in the form of gene transcription. SHC is another substrate of INSR. When tyrosine phosphorylated, SHC associates with GRB2 and can thus activate the RAS/MAPK pathway independently of IRS-1.
Class
Organismal Systems; Endocrine system
Pathway map
pov04910  Insulin signaling pathway
pov04910

Organism
Paralichthys olivaceus (Japanese flounder) [GN:pov]
Gene
109645588  insulin-like [KO:K04526]
109643669  ins; insulin [KO:K04526]
109624754  insulin-like [KO:K04526]
109643727  insulin receptor-like [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
109625760  insulin receptor-like [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
109628480  insulin receptor substrate 1-B-like [KO:K16172]
109634880  insulin receptor substrate 1-B-like isoform X1 [KO:K16172]
109631417  irs2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
109641748  insulin receptor substrate 2-B-like [KO:K07187]
109640930  insulin receptor substrate 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K07187]
109642569  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
109638609  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta-like [KO:K02649]
109636617  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma-like [KO:K02649]
109626360  pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
109646274  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma-like isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
109630509  pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
109634439  pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
109639237  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
109640251  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
109642929  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
109626882  pdpk1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109641589  RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase-like [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109630907  RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109628065  akt1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109634602  RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109642071  RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase-like [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109631323  gsk3b; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X1 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
109637479  gys2; glycogen [starch] synthase, liver [KO:K00693] [EC:2.4.1.11]
109641461  glycogen [starch] synthase, muscle-like [KO:K00693] [EC:2.4.1.11]
109637688  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
109640700  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase alpha-2 isoform-like [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
109636476  ppp1cb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
109633727  ppp1cc; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
109634244  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase alpha-2 isoform-like [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
109643356  protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3C-B-like [KO:K07189]
109636810  protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3E-like [KO:K07189]
109632641  uncharacterized protein LOC109632641 [KO:K07189]
109633864  protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3C-like isoform X1 [KO:K07189]
109630887  protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3D-like [KO:K07189]
109624014  uncharacterized protein LOC109624014 [KO:K07189]
109628953  protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3D-like [KO:K07189]
109647338  ppp1r3b; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3B [KO:K07189]
109635204  protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3A-like isoform X1 [KO:K07189]
109639836  protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3C-B-like [KO:K07189]
109627136  phkg2; phosphorylase b kinase gamma catalytic chain, liver/testis isoform [KO:K00871] [EC:2.7.11.19]
109629980  phkg1; phosphorylase b kinase gamma catalytic chain, skeletal muscle/heart isoform [KO:K00871] [EC:2.7.11.19]
109624807  phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, liver isoform [KO:K07190]
109624852  phkb; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K07190]
109637278  calml4; calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
109638542  calml6; calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
109632728  calm2; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
109628113  calmodulin [KO:K02183]
109632493  calm1; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
109630080  calmodulin [KO:K02183]
109648074  calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
109637671  pygm; glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form [KO:K00688] [EC:2.4.1.1]
109636450  pygl; glycogen phosphorylase, liver form [KO:K00688] [EC:2.4.1.1]
109628834  glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form-like [KO:K00688] [EC:2.4.1.1]
109636766  pde3b; cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase B [KO:K13296] [EC:3.1.4.17]
109627640  prkaca; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
109634223  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
109625861  prkacb; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
109642250  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
109638489  cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-alpha regulatory subunit-like [KO:K04739]
109638660  prkar1b; cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-beta regulatory subunit [KO:K04739]
109640368  cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha regulatory subunit-like isoform X1 [KO:K04739]
109627048  prkar1a; cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha regulatory subunit [KO:K04739]
109630917  prkar2a; cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-alpha regulatory subunit [KO:K04739]
109624431  prkar2b; cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-beta regulatory subunit [KO:K04739]
109640422  hormone-sensitive lipase-like isoform X1 [KO:K07188] [EC:3.1.1.79]
109633466  lipe; hormone-sensitive lipase isoform X1 [KO:K07188] [EC:3.1.1.79]
109639649  prkcz; protein kinase C zeta type isoform X1 [KO:K18952] [EC:2.7.11.13]
109647211  prkci; protein kinase C iota type [KO:K06069] [EC:2.7.11.13]
109634843  slc2a4; solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4 [KO:K07191]
109641827  flotillin-1 [KO:K07192]
109633289  flotillin-1-like [KO:K07192]
109628570  flot2; flotillin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07192]
109641159  flotillin-2 [KO:K07192]
109647225  SH2B adapter protein 2-like [KO:K07193]
109634180  sorbin and SH3 domain-containing protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K06086]
109635803  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL-like [KO:K04707] [EC:2.3.2.27]
109630213  cbl; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL [KO:K04707] [EC:2.3.2.27]
109628744  cblb; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL-B [KO:K22517] [EC:2.3.2.27]
109634381  adapter molecule crk-like [KO:K04438]
109626378  crkl; crk-like protein [KO:K04438]
109635835  adapter molecule crk-like [KO:K04438]
109626210  rapgef1; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 [KO:K06277]
109635145  rhoq; rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoQ [KO:K07194]
109645006  exoc7; exocyst complex component 7 [KO:K07195]
109634276  trip10; cdc42-interacting protein 4 [KO:K07196]
109639596  cdc42-interacting protein 4 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K07196]
109638689  sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1-like [KO:K07197]
109628581  acaca; acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K11262] [EC:6.4.1.2 6.3.4.14 2.1.3.15]
109638102  acacb; acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K01946] [EC:6.4.1.2 6.3.4.14 2.1.3.15]
109642814  fatty acid synthase-like [KO:K00665] [EC:2.3.1.85]
109641845  hexokinase-1-like [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
109631051  hexokinase-1-like [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
109633656  hexokinase-2-like [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
109636855  hk1; hexokinase-1 [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
109644131  glucokinase-like [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
109636918  putative hexokinase HKDC1 isoform X1 [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
109637065  gck; glucokinase [KO:K12407] [EC:2.7.1.2]
109625889  prkaa2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
109626467  prkaa1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
109633767  5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1-like [KO:K07199]
109639846  prkab1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07199]
109643260  5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2-like [KO:K07199]
109640188  5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2-like [KO:K07200]
109643729  5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2-like [KO:K07200]
109629372  5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
109643044  5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
109641129  5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1-like [KO:K07200]
109628830  forkhead box protein O1-A-like isoform X1 [KO:K07201]
109630392  forkhead box protein O1-A-like [KO:K07201]
109634674  ppargc1a; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K07202]
109640646  g6pc3; glucose-6-phosphatase 3 [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
109631238  g6pc2; glucose-6-phosphatase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
109644036  g6pc; glucose-6-phosphatase [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
109644038  glucose-6-phosphatase-like [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
109641222  fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase isozyme 2-like [KO:K03841] [EC:3.1.3.11]
109641226  fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1-like [KO:K03841] [EC:3.1.3.11]
109626237  fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1-like [KO:K03841] [EC:3.1.3.11]
109629738  pck2; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [GTP], mitochondrial [KO:K01596] [EC:4.1.1.32]
109647304  pck1; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic [GTP] [KO:K01596] [EC:4.1.1.32]
109630582  mtor; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109630754  serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109627313  rptor; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR [KO:K07204]
109627373  ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2-like [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109628582  rps6kb1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109643323  ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1-like [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109637859  rps6; 40S ribosomal protein S6 [KO:K02991]
109625956  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1-like [KO:K07205]
109638026  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 2-like [KO:K07205]
109643341  eif4e2; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03259]
109627863  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-like [KO:K03259]
109626046  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-1A isoform X1 [KO:K03259]
109642930  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E type 2-like [KO:K03259]
109634997  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-like [KO:K03259]
109645786  hamartin-like [KO:K07206]
109640306  tsc1; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
109627333  tuberin-like [KO:K07207]
109627588  tuberin-like [KO:K07207]
109629335  GTP-binding protein Rheb-like [KO:K07208]
109637062  rheb; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
109634873  bad; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
109633454  shc1; SHC-transforming protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06279]
109625730  shc2; SHC-transforming protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17447]
109642612  SHC-transforming protein 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K17448]
109637245  shc4; SHC-transforming protein 4 [KO:K17449]
109641399  grb2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]
109636299  sos2; son of sevenless homolog 2 [KO:K03099]
109646414  son of sevenless homolog 1-like [KO:K03099]
109638968  hras; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
109641467  GTPase HRas-like [KO:K07827]
109624348  kras; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
109633665  serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf-like [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109637498  braf; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform X1 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109635227  raf1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109624327  map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
109625750  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
109639504  mitogen-activated protein kinase 1-like [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109640677  mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109636607  mknk2; MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 [KO:K04372] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109625833  mknk1; MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 [KO:K04372] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109646087  ETS domain-containing protein Elk-3-like [KO:K04375]
109638276  suppressor of cytokine signaling 1-like [KO:K04694]
109639500  socs1; suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 [KO:K04694]
109645254  suppressor of cytokine signaling 1-like [KO:K04694]
109647841  socs2; suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 [KO:K04695]
109633948  socs3; suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 [KO:K04696]
109647155  suppressor of cytokine signaling 3-like [KO:K04696]
109637204  suppressor of cytokine signaling 4-like [KO:K04697]
109640627  ptpn1; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1 [KO:K05696] [EC:3.1.3.48]
109625777  ptprf; receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F isoform X1 [KO:K05695] [EC:3.1.3.48]
109638972  receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F-like [KO:K05695] [EC:3.1.3.48]
109626552  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9-like [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109626878  mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109633007  mitogen-activated protein kinase 8-like isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109626434  mapk10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109637101  ikbkb; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
109634550  inppl1; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase 2 [KO:K15909] [EC:3.1.3.86]
109625236  phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase 2B-like isoform X1 [KO:K15909] [EC:3.1.3.86]
109629471  inpp5a; type I inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase isoform X1 [KO:K01106] [EC:3.1.3.56]
Compound
C00031  D-Glucose
C00369  Starch
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:14635525
  Authors
Ogawa W, Kasuga M.
  Title
[Mechanism of insulin action and diabetes mellitus]
  Journal
Seikagaku 75:1332-44 (2003)
Reference
PMID:11282018
  Authors
Bevan P.
  Title
Insulin signalling.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 114:1429-30 (2001)
Reference
PMID:12867054
  Authors
Kanzaki M, Pessin JE.
  Title
Insulin signaling: GLUT4 vesicles exit via the exocyst.
  Journal
Curr Biol 13:R574-6 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00478-0
Reference
PMID:10196204
  Authors
Moodie SA, Alleman-Sposeto J, Gustafson TA.
  Title
Identification of the APS protein as a novel insulin receptor substrate.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 274:11186-93 (1999)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.274.16.11186
Reference
PMID:15733744
  Authors
Gual P, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Tanti JF.
  Title
Positive and negative regulation of insulin signaling through IRS-1 phosphorylation.
  Journal
Biochimie 87:99-109 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biochi.2004.10.019
Reference
PMID:9748166
  Authors
Le Good JA, Ziegler WH, Parekh DB, Alessi DR, Cohen P, Parker PJ.
  Title
Protein kinase C isotypes controlled by phosphoinositide 3-kinase through the protein kinase PDK1.
  Journal
Science 281:2042-5 (1998)
DOI:10.1126/science.281.5385.2042
Reference
PMID:11742412
  Authors
Saltiel AR, Kahn CR.
  Title
Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism.
  Journal
Nature 414:799-806 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/414799a
Reference
PMID:15624019
  Authors
Inoki K, Corradetti MN, Guan KL.
  Title
Dysregulation of the TSC-mTOR pathway in human disease.
  Journal
Nat Genet 37:19-24 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/ng1494
Reference
PMID:16288289
  Authors
Ruggero D, Sonenberg N.
  Title
The Akt of translational control.
  Journal
Oncogene 24:7426-34 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1209098
Reference
PMID:10567225
  Authors
Nave BT, Ouwens M, Withers DJ, Alessi DR, Shepherd PR.
  Title
Mammalian target of rapamycin is a direct target for protein kinase B: identification of a convergence point for opposing effects of insulin and amino-acid deficiency on protein translation.
  Journal
Biochem J 344 Pt 2:427-31 (1999)
DOI:10.1042/bj3440427
Reference
PMID:9445476
  Authors
Pullen N, Dennis PB, Andjelkovic M, Dufner A, Kozma SC, Hemmings BA, Thomas G.
  Title
Phosphorylation and activation of p70s6k by PDK1.
  Journal
Science 279:707-10 (1998)
DOI:10.1126/science.279.5351.707
Reference
PMID:9609110
  Authors
Ogawa W, Matozaki T, Kasuga M.
  Title
Role of binding proteins to IRS-1 in insulin signalling.
  Journal
Mol Cell Biochem 182:13-22 (1998)
Reference
PMID:9609111
  Authors
Ceresa BP, Pessin JE.
  Title
Insulin regulation of the Ras activation/inactivation cycle.
  Journal
Mol Cell Biochem 182:23-9 (1998)
Reference
PMID:15229476
  Authors
Pollak MN, Schernhammer ES, Hankinson SE.
  Title
Insulin-like growth factors and neoplasia.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 4:505-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nrc1387
Reference
PMID:9346240
  Authors
Datta SR, Dudek H, Tao X, Masters S, Fu H, Gotoh Y, Greenberg ME.
  Title
Akt phosphorylation of BAD couples survival signals to the cell-intrinsic death machinery.
  Journal
Cell 91:231-41 (1997)
DOI:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80405-5
Reference
PMID:17344645
  Authors
Ferre P, Foufelle F
  Title
SREBP-1c transcription factor and lipid homeostasis: clinical perspective.
  Journal
Horm Res 68:72-82 (2007)
DOI:10.1159/000100426
Reference
PMID:18291668
  Authors
Raghow R, Yellaturu C, Deng X, Park EA, Elam MB
  Title
SREBPs: the crossroads of physiological and pathological lipid homeostasis.
  Journal
Trends Endocrinol Metab 19:65-73 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.tem.2007.10.009
Reference
PMID:11343120
  Authors
Clement S, Krause U, Desmedt F, Tanti JF, Behrends J, Pesesse X, Sasaki T, Penninger J, Doherty M, Malaisse W, Dumont JE, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Erneux C, Hue L, Schurmans S
  Title
The lipid phosphatase SHIP2 controls insulin sensitivity.
  Journal
Nature 409:92-7 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/35051094
Reference
PMID:12791379
  Authors
Backers K, Blero D, Paternotte N, Zhang J, Erneux C
  Title
The termination of PI3K signalling by SHIP1 and SHIP2 inositol 5-phosphatases.
  Journal
Adv Enzyme Regul 43:15-28 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0065-2571(02)00043-2
Related
pathway
pov00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
pov00061  Fatty acid biosynthesis
pov00500  Starch and sucrose metabolism
pov04010  MAPK signaling pathway
pov04070  Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
pov04210  Apoptosis
KO pathway
ko04910   
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