KEGG   PATHWAY: ray04140
Entry
ray04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Rousettus aegyptiacus (Egyptian rousette)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
ray04140  Autophagy - animal
ray04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Rousettus aegyptiacus (Egyptian rousette) [GN:ray]
Gene
107497029  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
107497091  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
107497131  [KO:K02977]
107497246  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
107497279  BECN2; beclin-2 [KO:K08334]
107497434  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
107497830  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
107497862  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 isoform X1 [KO:K08509]
107498161  ATG12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 isoform X1 [KO:K08336]
107498395  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107498693  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
107498704  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
107498762  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107498824  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07829]
107498836  AKT1S1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 isoform X3 [KO:K16184]
107499161  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
107499247  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
107499264  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X1 [KO:K17888]
107499624  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
107499847  NRAS; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
107499880  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X1 [KO:K12650]
107500133  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
107500189  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
107500308  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X1 [KO:K08337]
107500798  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21247]
107500801  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
107500925  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform X2 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107501443  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
107501525  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 isoform X2 [KO:K23610]
107501702  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20184]
107501760  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X2 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
107502023  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
107502081  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
107502095  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
107502341  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
107502549  UBC; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
107502684  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
107502729  CTSL; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
107502752  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107503157  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
107503258  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
107503682  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107503736  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
107503834  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17606]
107503915  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02161]
107503942  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
107504034  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
107504134  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
107504341  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
107504445  STX7; syntaxin-7 isoform X1 [KO:K08488]
107504576  TSC1; hamartin [KO:K07206]
107504847  OPTN; optineurin isoform X1 [KO:K19946]
107504877  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
107505001  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X1 [KO:K17890]
107505007  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K17603]
107505222  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
107505256  RUBCN; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X2 [KO:K19330]
107505308  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X3 [KO:K17908]
107505679  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 [KO:K21347]
107505747  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X3 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
107505807  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
107505888  RRAGA; ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
107505977  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type isoform X1 [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
107506047  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X2 [KO:K08266]
107506056  TSC2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
107506169  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
107506595  RRAGB; ras-related GTP-binding protein B isoform X2 [KO:K16185]
107506800  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
107506967  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
107507127  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
107507224  CTSB; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
107507922  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20179]
107508167  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
107508222  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
107508463  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107508513  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
107508648  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
107508660  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D isoform X1 [KO:K16186]
107508859  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b isoform X2 [KO:K07898]
107508942  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
107508986  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107509336  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268]
107509347  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
107509379  ATG16L2; protein Atg16l2 isoform X1 [KO:K20868]
107509521  [KO:K08341]
107509824  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 isoform X1 [KO:K19730]
107509910  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
107510093  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204]
107510136  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107510140  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21248]
107510293  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
107510309  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]
107510634  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
107510917  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
107510926  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K20183]
107511054  UBB; polyubiquitin-B isoform X2 [KO:K04551]
107511063  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X1 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107511080  SMCR8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 isoform X1 [KO:K23611]
107511114  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07187]
107511543  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107511590  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
107511859  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
107511862  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
107512321  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 isoform X1 [KO:K14381]
107512328  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
107512342  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23883]
107512376  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107512386  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 isoform X1 [KO:K08516]
107512438  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
107512708  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 isoform X1 [KO:K11248]
107512887  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04570]
107513109  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X2 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107513216  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
107513269  INS; insulin isoform X1 [KO:K04526]
107513717  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
107513845  BECN1; beclin-1 [KO:K08334]
107513859  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
107513955  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07831]
107513958  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
107513978  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107514313  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
107514339  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
107514458  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107514488  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
107515010  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
107515107  ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
107515227  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
107515245  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
107515340  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B isoform X1 [KO:K07920]
107515392  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
107515836  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
107516215  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 [KO:K08339]
107516443  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
107516484  C9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
107516555  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type isoform X1 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
107516638  [KO:K02927]
107516663  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K20402]
107516752  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A isoform X1 [KO:K17907]
107517055  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
107517101  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
107517240  RAB8A; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
107517677  [KO:K17606]
107517828  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
107517899  [KO:K02649]
107517970  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21246]
107518088  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
107518096  [KO:K21245]
107518312  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
107518323  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
107518350  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
107519150  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein isoform X1 [KO:K21249]
107519437  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
107519514  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
107519683  STX17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
107519689  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
107519729  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107520126  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 isoform X2 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107520152  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
107520305  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
107520320  ATG9B; autophagy-related protein 9B [KO:K17907]
107520469  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
107520691  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K21348]
107521051  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
107521297  [KO:K21245]
107521668  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
107521687  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
107521783  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118607848  [KO:K21245]
118610000  [KO:K02977]
118610021  [KO:K02977]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
ray04010  MAPK signaling pathway
ray04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
ray04142  Lysosome
ray04150  mTOR signaling pathway
ray04152  AMPK signaling pathway
ray04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   

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