Entry
Name
Endocytosis - Rhinopithecus bieti (black snub-nosed monkey)
Description
Endocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins entering through clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) have sequences in their cytoplasmic domains that bind to the APs (adaptor-related protein complexes) and enable their rapid removal from the PM. In addition to APs and clathrin, there are numerous accessory proteins including dynamin. Depending on the various proteins that enter the endosome membrane, these cargoes are sorted to distinct destinations. Some cargoes, such as nutrient receptors, are recycled back to the PM. Ubiquitylated membrane proteins, such as activated growth-factor receptors, are sorted into intraluminal vesicles and eventually end up in the lysosome lumen via multivesicular endosomes (MVEs). There are distinct mechanisms of clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) depending upon the cargo and the cell type.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Other DBs
Organism
Rhinopithecus bieti (black snub-nosed monkey) [GN:
rbb ]
Gene
108512426 VPS29; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 29 isoform X1 [KO:K18467 ]
108512733 IL2RB; interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K05069 ]
108513001 AP2A2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: AP-2 complex subunit alpha-2 [KO:K11824 ]
108513583 RAB11FIP1; rab11 family-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12484 ]
108514002 ARFGAP3; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 3 [KO:K12493 ]
108514342 RABEP1; rab GTPase-binding effector protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12480 ]
108514435 ACAP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12489 ]
108514714 SMAD3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 isoform X1 [KO:K23605 ]
108514889 RUFY2; RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12482 ]
108515098 GBF1; Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18443 ]
108515270 CAPZB; F-actin-capping protein subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K10365 ]
108515376 PARD6A; partitioning defective 6 homolog alpha isoform X1 [KO:K06093 ]
108516180 IGF2R; cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor isoform X1 [KO:K06564 ]
108516246 ASAP2; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12488 ]
108517364 VPS37D; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37D [KO:K12185 ]
108518034 LDLRAP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: low density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1 [KO:K12474 ]
108518515 WIPF1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: WAS/WASL-interacting protein family member 1 [KO:K19475 ]
108519244 TSG101; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein [KO:K12183 ]
108519603 SMAD2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04500 ]
108520300 IQSEC2; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
108521127 RAB11FIP3; rab11 family-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12485 ]
108521497 WIPF3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: WAS/WASL-interacting protein family member 3 [KO:K19475 ]
108521958 ARFGAP2; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12493 ]
108522524 ARFGEF2; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K18442 ]
108523244 WASL; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein [KO:K23612 ]
108523846 WASH1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: WAS protein family homolog 1 [KO:K18461 ]
108523850 IQSEC3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12495 ]
108524240 VPS36; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36 isoform X1 [KO:K12190 ]
108524394 AGAP2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K17848 ]
108524783 IQSEC1; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
108525019 STAM2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: signal transducing adapter molecule 2 [KO:K04705 ]
108526371 VPS4B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B [KO:K12196 ]
108526459 VPS37A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37A isoform X1 [KO:K12185 ]
108526478 PSD3; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
108526530 CAPZA2; F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K10364 ]
108526768 VPS25; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 25 [KO:K12189 ]
108527750 STAM; signal transducing adapter molecule 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04705 ]
108528634 ASAP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12488 ]
108528785 VPS37C; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37C [KO:K12185 ]
108528889 ZFYVE16; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 16 [KO:K04679 ]
108529669 VPS26B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26B [KO:K18466 ]
108529907 IL2RA; interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K05068 ]
108530209 ARAP3; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12490 ]
108530400 SMAP2; stromal membrane-associated protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12486 ]
108530511 ACAP2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K12489 ]
108530846 PSD2; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
108531367 ARPC5L; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5-like protein [KO:K05754 ]
108531507 VPS26A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26A [KO:K18466 ]
108531803 EPS15; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15 isoform X1 [KO:K12472 ]
108531954 HSPA8; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein [KO:K03283 ]
108532108 IL2RG; cytokine receptor common subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K05070 ]
108532534 AGAP3; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12491 ]
108532544 RAB11FIP5; rab11 family-interacting protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K12484 ]
108532883 DNAJC6; putative tyrosine-protein phosphatase auxilin [KO:K09526 ]
108532998 BIN1; myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12562 ]
108533279 VPS45; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 45 isoform X1 [KO:K12479 ]
108534113 HGS; hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate isoform X1 [KO:K12182 ]
108534283 MVB12A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: multivesicular body subunit 12A [KO:K12186 ]
108534720 WIPF2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: WAS/WASL-interacting protein family member 2 [KO:K19475 ]
108534773 VPS35; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 [KO:K18468 ]
108535252 ARFGAP1; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 1 [KO:K12492 ]
108536605 VPS28; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 28 homolog [KO:K12184 ]
108538447 ASAP3; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12488 ]
108538451 CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04393 ]
108539465 RUFY1; RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12482 ]
108540920 VPS37B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37B isoform X1 [KO:K12185 ]
108540933 CHMP4A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: charged multivesicular body protein 4a [KO:K12194 ]
108540973 AGAP1; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12491 ]
108541402 RAB11FIP4; rab11 family-interacting protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K12485 ]
108541578 ARAP2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K18440 ]
108541816 PSD4; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
108542584 HSPA6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heat shock 70 kDa protein 6 [KO:K03283 ]
108542766 PDCD6IP; programmed cell death 6-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K12200 ]
108543284 EPS15L1; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15-like 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12472 ]
108543763 ARAP1; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18439 ]
108544204 ACAP3; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12489 ]
108544248 KIAA1033; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: WASH complex subunit 7 [KO:K18465 ]
108544897 ARFGEF1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 1 [KO:K18442 ]
108545006 VTA1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein VTA1 homolog [KO:K12199 ]
Compound
C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C11556 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Acconcia F, Sigismund S, Polo S
Title
Ubiquitin in trafficking: the network at work.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Donaldson JG, Porat-Shliom N, Cohen LA
Title
Clathrin-independent endocytosis: a unique platform for cell signaling and PM remodeling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sorkin A
Title
Cargo recognition during clathrin-mediated endocytosis: a team effort.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Raiborg C, Stenmark H
Title
The ESCRT machinery in endosomal sorting of ubiquitylated membrane proteins.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Scita G, Di Fiore PP
Title
The endocytic matrix.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Le Roy C, Wrana JL
Title
Clathrin- and non-clathrin-mediated endocytic regulation of cell signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jovic M, Sharma M, Rahajeng J, Caplan S
Title
The early endosome: a busy sorting station for proteins at the crossroads.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pietiainen VM, Marjomaki V, Heino J, Hyypia T
Title
Viral entry, lipid rafts and caveosomes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Grant BD, Donaldson JG
Title
Pathways and mechanisms of endocytic recycling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cullen PJ, Korswagen HC
Title
Sorting nexins provide diversity for retromer-dependent trafficking events.
Journal
Related pathway
rbb04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
rbb04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
rbb04130 SNARE interactions in vesicular transport
KO pathway