KEGG   PATHWAY: rno04974
Entry
rno04974                    Pathway                                
Name
Protein digestion and absorption - Rattus norvegicus (rat)
Description
Protein is a dietary component essential for nutritional homeostasis in humans. Normally, ingested protein undergoes a complex series of degradative processes following the action of gastric, pancreatic and small intestinal enzymes. The result of this proteolytic activity is a mixture of amino acids and small peptides. Amino acids (AAs) are transported into the enterocyte (intestinal epithelial cell) by a variety of AA transporters that are specific for cationic (basic) AA, neutral AA, and anionic (acidic) AA. Small peptides are absorbed into enterocytes by the PEPT1 transporter. Inside enterocytes peptides are hydrolyzed, and the resulting amino acids are released together with those absorbed by AA transporters into blood via multiple, basolateral, AA transporters. Hydrolysis-resistant peptides, however, are transported out of the cells by a basolateral peptide transporter that has not been identified molecularly.
Class
Organismal Systems; Digestive system
Pathway map
rno04974  Protein digestion and absorption
rno04974

Other DBs
GO: 0044256 0050892
Organism
Rattus norvegicus (rat) [GN:rno]
Gene
60372  Pga5; pepsinogen A5 precursor [KO:K06002] [EC:3.4.23.1]
24691  Prss1; serine protease 1 precursor [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
25052  Prss2; anionic trypsin-2 precursor [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
362347  Prss3; serine protease 3 precursor [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
286960  1810009J06Rikl; trypsin-4 precursor [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
286911  Prss3b; cationic trypsin-3 precursor [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
683849  Prss2l1; anionic trypsin-2 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
103690254  Try5; trypsin-4 isoform X1 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
408247  Try10; trypsin 10 precursor [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
312273  Prss3bl1; trypsin V-A precursor [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
102554637  anionic trypsin-2 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
24291  Ctrb1; chymotrypsinogen B precursor [KO:K01310] [EC:3.4.21.1]
117184  Ctrl; chymotrypsin-like protease CTRL-1 precursor [KO:K09632] [EC:3.4.21.-]
24332  Cela2a; chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 2A precursor [KO:K01346] [EC:3.4.21.71]
298567  Cela3b; chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 3B precursor [KO:K01345] [EC:3.4.21.70]
24269  Cpa1; carboxypeptidase A1 preproprotein [KO:K08779] [EC:3.4.17.1]
296959  Cpa2; carboxypeptidase A2 precursor [KO:K01298] [EC:3.4.17.15]
54242  Cpa3; mast cell carboxypeptidase A precursor [KO:K08780] [EC:3.4.17.1]
24271  Cpb1; carboxypeptidase B precursor [KO:K01291] [EC:3.4.17.2]
113936  Cpb2; carboxypeptidase B2 precursor [KO:K01300] [EC:3.4.17.20]
24784  Slc9a3; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 precursor [KO:K12040]
117261  Slc15a1; solute carrier family 15 member 1 isoform PepT1 [KO:K14206]
24211  Atp1a1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 precursor [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
24212  Atp1a2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 precursor [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
24213  Atp1a3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
29132  Atp1a4; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
84396  Atp1b4; protein ATP1B4 [KO:K01540]
25650  Atp1b1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540]
24214  Atp1b2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540]
25390  Atp1b3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540]
29639  Fxyd2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma isoform a [KO:K01538]
65206  Kcnn4; intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 isoform a [KO:K04945]
364241  Kcnk5; potassium channel subfamily K member 5 [KO:K04916]
63883  Kcne3; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 3 [KO:K04897]
84020  Kcnq1; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 [KO:K04926]
94341  Kcnj13; inward rectifier potassium channel 13 [KO:K05006]
29642  Slc38a2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid symporter 2 [KO:K14207]
24590  Mme; neprilysin [KO:K01389] [EC:3.4.24.11]
25684  Mep1a; meprin A subunit alpha precursor [KO:K01395] [EC:3.4.24.18]
25727  Mep1b; meprin A subunit beta precursor [KO:K08606] [EC:3.4.24.63]
302668  Ace2; angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 precursor [KO:K09708] [EC:3.4.17.23]
293118  Prcp; lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase precursor [KO:K01285] [EC:3.4.16.2]
25253  Dpp4; dipeptidyl peptidase 4 [KO:K01278] [EC:3.4.14.5]
117522  Xpnpep2; xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 2 precursor [KO:K14208] [EC:3.4.11.9]
25550  Slc1a1; excitatory amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K05612]
292657  Slc1a5; neutral amino acid transporter B(0) [KO:K05616]
29715  Slc8a1; sodium/calcium exchanger 1 isoform 6 precursor [KO:K05849]
140447  Slc8a2; sodium/calcium exchanger 2 precursor [KO:K05849]
140448  Slc8a3; sodium/calcium exchanger 3 precursor [KO:K05849]
664630  Slc6a19; sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1 [KO:K05334]
50567  Slc3a2; amino acid transporter heavy chain SLC3A2 isoform 2 [KO:K06519]
84551  Slc7a8; large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2 [KO:K13781]
155205  Slc36a1; proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K14209]
246235  Slc36a2; proton-coupled amino acid transporter 2 [KO:K14209]
315439  Slc36a4; neutral amino acid uniporter 4 [KO:K14209]
303148  Slc36a3; proton-coupled amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K14209]
170566  Slc16a10; monocarboxylate transporter 10 [KO:K08187]
29484  Slc3a1; amino acid transporter heavy chain SLC3A1 [KO:K14210]
116726  Slc7a9; B(0,+)-type amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K13868]
298873  Slc7a15; solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 15 [KO:K13868]
83509  Slc7a7; Y+L amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K13867]
25043  Eln; elastin precursor [KO:K14211]
84352  Col1a2; collagen alpha-2(I) chain precursor [KO:K06236]
29393  Col1a1; collagen alpha-1(I) chain precursor [KO:K06236]
25412  Col2a1; collagen alpha-1(II) chain isoform 2 precursor [KO:K19719]
84032  Col3a1; collagen alpha-1(III) chain precursor [KO:K19720]
290905  Col4a1; collagen alpha-1(IV) chain precursor [KO:K06237]
306628  Col4a2; collagen alpha-2(IV) chain precursor [KO:K06237]
363457  Col4a5; collagen alpha-5(IV) chain precursor [KO:K06237]
363265  Col4a3; collagen alpha-3(IV) chain precursor [KO:K06237]
363458  Col4a6; collagen type IV alpha 6 chain precursor [KO:K06237]
85490  Col5a1; collagen alpha-1(V) chain precursor [KO:K19721]
85250  Col5a2; collagen alpha-2(V) chain precursor [KO:K19721]
60379  Col5a3; collagen alpha-3(V) chain precursor [KO:K19721]
25654  Col11a1; collagen alpha-1(XI) chain precursor [KO:K19721]
294279  Col11a2; collagen alpha-2(XI) chain isoform 1 precursor [KO:K19721]
499723  Col24a1; collagen alpha-1(XXIV) chain isoform X1 [KO:K19721]
298101  Col27a1; collagen alpha-1(XXVII) chain precursor [KO:K19721]
315981  Col6a4; collagen alpha-4(VI) chain precursor [KO:K06238]
361821  Col6a2; collagen alpha-2(VI) chain precursor [KO:K06238]
294337  Col6a1; collagen alpha-1(VI) chain precursor [KO:K06238]
315979  Col6a6; collagen alpha-6(VI) chain isoform X3 [KO:K06238]
367313  Col6a3; collagen alpha-3(VI) chain precursor [KO:K06238]
501047  Col6a5; collagen alpha-5(VI) chain isoform X3 [KO:K06238]
301012  Col7a1; collagen alpha-1(VII) chain precursor [KO:K16628]
304021  Col8a1; collagen alpha-1(VIII) chain precursor [KO:K23455]
313592  Col8a2; collagen alpha-2(VIII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K23455]
305104  Col9a1; collagen alpha-1(IX) chain precursor [KO:K08131]
362584  Col9a2; collagen alpha-2(IX) chain precursor [KO:K08131]
362285  Col9a3; collagen alpha-3(IX) chain precursor [KO:K08131]
25681  Col10a1; collagen alpha-1(X) chain precursor [KO:K19479]
25683  Col12a1; collagen alpha-1(XII) chain precursor [KO:K08132]
499431  Col13a1; collagen alpha-1(XIII) chain [KO:K16617]
314981  Col14a1; collagen alpha-1(XIV) chain precursor [KO:K08133]
298069  Col15a1; collagen alpha-1(XV) chain precursor [KO:K08135]
366474  Col16a1; collagen alpha-1(XVI) chain precursor [KO:K24339]
294027  Col17a1; collagen alpha-1(XVII) chain isoform 1 [KO:K07603]
85251  Col18a1; collagen alpha-1(XVIII) chain precursor [KO:K06823]
367236  Col19a1; collagen alpha-1(XIX) chain precursor [KO:K24340]
311716  Col20a1; collagen alpha-1(XX) chain isoform X8 [KO:K24357]
315071  Col22a1; collagen alpha-1(XXII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K16630]
687064  Col25a1; collagen alpha-1(XXV) chain [KO:K24356]
685612  Col26a1; collagen alpha-1(XXVI) chain precursor [KO:K24358]
312115  Col28a1; collagen alpha-1(XXVIII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K23619]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00033  Acetate
C00037  Glycine
C00041  L-Alanine
C00047  L-Lysine
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00062  L-Arginine
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00065  L-Serine
C00073  L-Methionine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00079  L-Phenylalanine
C00080  H+
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00099  beta-Alanine
C00123  L-Leucine
C00134  Putrescine
C00135  L-Histidine
C00146  Phenol
C00148  L-Proline
C00152  L-Asparagine
C00163  Propanoate
C00183  L-Valine
C00188  L-Threonine
C00238  Potassium cation
C00246  Butanoic acid
C00282  Hydrogen
C00388  Histamine
C00407  L-Isoleucine
C00463  Indole
C00483  Tyramine
C00491  L-Cystine
C01327  Hydrochloric acid
C01330  Sodium cation
C01438  Methane
C01468  4-Cresol
C01672  Cadaverine
C01746  Piperidine
C02632  2-Methylpropanoate
C05996  Branched chain fatty acid
C08262  3-Methylbutanoic acid
C16138  L-Pyrrolysine
C18319  2-Methylbutyrate
Reference
PMID:18195088
  Authors
Broer S
  Title
Amino acid transport across mammalian intestinal and renal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:249-86 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00018.2006
Reference
PMID:15772300
  Authors
Palacin M, Nunes V, Font-Llitjos M, Jimenez-Vidal M, Fort J, Gasol E, Pineda M, Feliubadalo L, Chillaron J, Zorzano A
  Title
The genetics of heteromeric amino acid transporters.
  Journal
Physiology (Bethesda) 20:112-24 (2005)
DOI:10.1152/physiol.00051.2004
Reference
PMID:20522896
  Authors
Goodman BE
  Title
Insights into digestion and absorption of major nutrients in humans.
  Journal
Adv Physiol Educ 34:44-53 (2010)
DOI:10.1152/advan.00094.2009
Reference
PMID:11546643
  Authors
Wagner CA, Lang F, Broer S
  Title
Function and structure of heterodimeric amino acid transporters.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 281:C1077-93 (2001)
DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.2001.281.4.C1077
Reference
PMID:18400692
  Authors
Broer S
  Title
Apical transporters for neutral amino acids: physiology and pathophysiology.
  Journal
Physiology (Bethesda) 23:95-103 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physiol.00045.2007
Reference
PMID:9687539
  Authors
Wu G
  Title
Intestinal mucosal amino acid catabolism.
  Journal
J Nutr 128:1249-52 (1998)
DOI:10.1093/jn/128.8.1249
Reference
PMID:14977407
  Authors
Daniel H
  Title
Molecular and integrative physiology of intestinal peptide transport.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 66:361-84 (2004)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.66.032102.144149
Reference
PMID:12237156
  Authors
Rubio-Aliaga I, Daniel H
  Title
Mammalian peptide transporters as targets for drug delivery.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 23:434-40 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0165-6147(02)02072-2
Reference
PMID:7937532
  Authors
Bai JP
  Title
Distribution of brush-border membrane peptidases along the rat intestine.
  Journal
Pharm Res 11:897-900 (1994)
DOI:10.1023/a:1018946228432
Reference
PMID:12583961
  Authors
Guarner F, Malagelada JR
  Title
Gut flora in health and disease.
  Journal
Lancet 361:512-9 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12489-0
Reference
PMID:16887608
  Authors
Smith EA, Macfarlane GT
  Title
Dissimilatory amino Acid metabolism in human colonic bacteria.
  Journal
Anaerobe 3:327-37 (1997)
DOI:10.1006/anae.1997.0121
Reference
PMID:20093818
  Authors
Schepers E, Glorieux G, Vanholder R
  Title
The gut: the forgotten organ in uremia?
  Journal
Blood Purif 29:130-6 (2010)
DOI:10.1159/000245639
Reference
  Authors
John H.Cummings
  Title
The large intestine in nutrition and disease
  Journal
Institut Danone
Reference
PMID:18626068
  Authors
Heitzmann D, Warth R
  Title
Physiology and pathophysiology of potassium channels in gastrointestinal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:1119-82 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00020.2007
Related
pathway
rno00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
rno04530  Tight junction
rno04971  Gastric acid secretion
rno04972  Pancreatic secretion
KO pathway
ko04974   
LinkDB

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