Entry
Name
Endocytosis - Theropithecus gelada (gelada)
Description
Endocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins entering through clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) have sequences in their cytoplasmic domains that bind to the APs (adaptor-related protein complexes) and enable their rapid removal from the PM. In addition to APs and clathrin, there are numerous accessory proteins including dynamin. Depending on the various proteins that enter the endosome membrane, these cargoes are sorted to distinct destinations. Some cargoes, such as nutrient receptors, are recycled back to the PM. Ubiquitylated membrane proteins, such as activated growth-factor receptors, are sorted into intraluminal vesicles and eventually end up in the lysosome lumen via multivesicular endosomes (MVEs). There are distinct mechanisms of clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) depending upon the cargo and the cell type.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Other DBs
Organism
Theropithecus gelada (gelada) [GN:
tge ]
Gene
112604680 RAB11FIP5; rab11 family-interacting protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K12484 ]
112604706 ASAP3; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12488 ]
112605123 PSD4; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
112605244 ASAP2; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12488 ]
112606042 VPS26B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26B [KO:K18466 ]
112606118 TSG101; tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein isoform X1 [KO:K12183 ]
112606398 ARFGAP2; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12493 ]
112606451 ARAP1; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18439 ]
112606538 VPS37C; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37C [KO:K12185 ]
112608311 RHOC; rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC isoform X1 [KO:K04513 ]
112608454 CHMP5; charged multivesicular body protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K12198 ]
112608597 ARPC5L; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5-like protein [KO:K05754 ]
112608919 CAPZB; F-actin-capping protein subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K10365 ]
112609323 RABEP1; rab GTPase-binding effector protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12480 ]
112609472 HSPA6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heat shock 70 kDa protein 6 [KO:K03283 ]
112609475 VPS25; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 25 [KO:K12189 ]
112609794 RAB11FIP4; rab11 family-interacting protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K12485 ]
112609975 ACAP1; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12489 ]
112610357 HGS; hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate isoform X1 [KO:K12182 ]
112610764 VPS36; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36 isoform X1 [KO:K12190 ]
112611391 SMAD2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04500 ]
112611541 VPS4B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B [KO:K12196 ]
112612660 EPS15L1; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15-like 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12472 ]
112613193 ARPC5; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K05754 ]
112613594 CHMP2A; charged multivesicular body protein 2a isoform X1 [KO:K12191 ]
112614090 PARD6A; partitioning defective 6 homolog alpha isoform X1 [KO:K06093 ]
112614102 RAB11FIP3; rab11 family-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12485 ]
112614435 VPS4A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4A isoform X1 [KO:K12196 ]
112614815 VPS35; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 [KO:K18468 ]
112615453 IL2RG; cytokine receptor common subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K05070 ]
112615501 SH3KBP1; SH3 domain-containing kinase-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12470 ]
112616591 IQSEC2; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
112618133 PDCD6IP; programmed cell death 6-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K12200 ]
112618515 IQSEC1; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
112618670 ARPC4; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05755 ]
112618706 ACAP2; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12489 ]
112618935 CHMP2B; charged multivesicular body protein 2b isoform X1 [KO:K12192 ]
112620245 CAPZA2; F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K10364 ]
112620836 AGAP3; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12491 ]
112620997 VPS37D; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37D [KO:K12185 ]
112621198 ARPC1B; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B isoform X1 [KO:K05757 ]
112622371 IGF2R; cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor [KO:K06564 ]
112622438 VTA1; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein VTA1 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K12199 ]
112622854 SMAP1; stromal membrane-associated protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12486 ]
112624536 ARAP2; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K18440 ]
112624951 VPS45; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 45 isoform X1 [KO:K12479 ]
112625192 ACAP3; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12489 ]
112626692 ZFYVE16; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 16 [KO:K04679 ]
112626943 ARAP3; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12490 ]
112627433 CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04393 ]
112628064 SMAD3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 isoform X1 [KO:K23605 ]
112628373 CHMP4A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: charged multivesicular body protein 4a [KO:K12194 ]
112629354 ZFYVE9; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04679 ]
112629761 VPS37A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37A isoform X1 [KO:K12185 ]
112629900 PSD3; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
112629913 ASAP1; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12488 ]
112630010 RAB11FIP1; rab11 family-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12484 ]
112630575 VPS28; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 28 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K12184 ]
112630727 ARFGEF1; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 1 [KO:K18442 ]
112631182 GBF1; Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18443 ]
112631208 RUFY2; RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12482 ]
112631213 DNAJC6; putative tyrosine-protein phosphatase auxilin isoform X1 [KO:K09526 ]
112631620 IL2RA; interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K05068 ]
112631937 STAM; signal transducing adapter molecule 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04705 ]
112632040 RAB11FIP2; rab11 family-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12484 ]
112632113 VPS26A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26A [KO:K18466 ]
112632686 ARFGAP1; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12492 ]
112632884 ARFGAP3; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12493 ]
112633082 ARFGEF2; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 2 [KO:K18442 ]
112633515 IL2RB; interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K05069 ]
112634053 AGAP2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K17848 ]
112634272 VPS37B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37B isoform X1 [KO:K12185 ]
112634552 SMAP2; stromal membrane-associated protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12486 ]
112634781 LDLRAP1; low density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12474 ]
112635922 ARPC2; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05758 ]
112636034 BIN1; myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12562 ]
112636057 AGAP1; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12491 ]
112636194 WIPF1; WAS/WASL-interacting protein family member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K19475 ]
112636377 CXCR4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 [KO:K04189 ]
112636972 CHMP3; charged multivesicular body protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12193 ]
Compound
C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C11556 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Acconcia F, Sigismund S, Polo S
Title
Ubiquitin in trafficking: the network at work.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Donaldson JG, Porat-Shliom N, Cohen LA
Title
Clathrin-independent endocytosis: a unique platform for cell signaling and PM remodeling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sorkin A
Title
Cargo recognition during clathrin-mediated endocytosis: a team effort.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Raiborg C, Stenmark H
Title
The ESCRT machinery in endosomal sorting of ubiquitylated membrane proteins.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Scita G, Di Fiore PP
Title
The endocytic matrix.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Le Roy C, Wrana JL
Title
Clathrin- and non-clathrin-mediated endocytic regulation of cell signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jovic M, Sharma M, Rahajeng J, Caplan S
Title
The early endosome: a busy sorting station for proteins at the crossroads.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pietiainen VM, Marjomaki V, Heino J, Hyypia T
Title
Viral entry, lipid rafts and caveosomes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Grant BD, Donaldson JG
Title
Pathways and mechanisms of endocytic recycling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cullen PJ, Korswagen HC
Title
Sorting nexins provide diversity for retromer-dependent trafficking events.
Journal
Related pathway
tge04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
tge04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
tge04130 SNARE interactions in vesicular transport
KO pathway