Entry
Name
Endocytosis - Camelus ferus (Wild Bactrian camel)
Description
Endocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins entering through clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) have sequences in their cytoplasmic domains that bind to the APs (adaptor-related protein complexes) and enable their rapid removal from the PM. In addition to APs and clathrin, there are numerous accessory proteins including dynamin. Depending on the various proteins that enter the endosome membrane, these cargoes are sorted to distinct destinations. Some cargoes, such as nutrient receptors, are recycled back to the PM. Ubiquitylated membrane proteins, such as activated growth-factor receptors, are sorted into intraluminal vesicles and eventually end up in the lysosome lumen via multivesicular endosomes (MVEs). There are distinct mechanisms of clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) depending upon the cargo and the cell type.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Camelus ferus (Wild Bactrian camel) [GN:
cfr ]
Gene
102511870 ZFYVE9; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04679 ]
102503924 ZFYVE16; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 16 [KO:K04679 ]
102508588 SMAD2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04500 ]
102523073 SMAD3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 isoform X1 [KO:K23605 ]
102523996 SH3KBP1; SH3 domain-containing kinase-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12470 ]
102511848 BIN1; myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12562 ]
102508609 EPS15; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15 isoform X1 [KO:K12472 ]
102519345 EPS15L1; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15-like 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12472 ]
102523694 LDLRAP1; low density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12474 ]
102504610 WASL; neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein isoform X1 [KO:K23612 ]
102506683 ACTR3B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: actin-related protein 3B [KO:K18584 ]
102517144 ARPC5L; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5-like protein [KO:K05754 ]
102509395 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5 [KO:K05754 ]
102524367 WIPF2; WAS/WASL-interacting protein family member 2 isoform X1 [KO:K19475 ]
102519473 DNAJC6; putative tyrosine-protein phosphatase auxilin isoform X4 [KO:K09526 ]
102507351 CAPZB; F-actin-capping protein subunit beta isoform X4 [KO:K10365 ]
102507938 VPS29; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 29 isoform X1 [KO:K18467 ]
102510367 VPS26A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26A isoform X1 [KO:K18466 ]
102520028 VPS26B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26B [KO:K18466 ]
102511917 VPS35; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 [KO:K18468 ]
102522502 HGS; hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate [KO:K12182 ]
102518495 STAM2; signal transducing adapter molecule 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04705 ]
102506322 VPS28; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 28 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K12184 ]
102523237 VPS37D; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37D [KO:K12185 ]
102506567 VPS37B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37B [KO:K12185 ]
102523482 VPS37C; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37C isoform X1 [KO:K12185 ]
102522705 VPS37A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37A [KO:K12185 ]
102506627 VPS36; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36 isoform X1 [KO:K12190 ]
102516658 VPS25; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 25 [KO:K12189 ]
102504888 CHMP6; charged multivesicular body protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K12195 ]
102513259 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: charged multivesicular body protein 3 [KO:K12193 ]
102519417 CHMP2A; charged multivesicular body protein 2a isoform X1 [KO:K12191 ]
102516856 VPS4A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4A isoform X1 [KO:K12196 ]
102524343 VPS4B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B [KO:K12196 ]
102505550 VTA1; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein VTA1 homolog [KO:K12199 ]
102512712 PDCD6IP; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: programmed cell death 6-interacting protein [KO:K12200 ]
102520978 IGF2R; cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor [KO:K06564 ]
102520401 IL2RA; interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K05068 ]
102524470 IL2RB; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta [KO:K05069 ]
102504730 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, B-1 alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
102507402 H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen, Q10 alpha chain [KO:K06751 ]
102508006 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7 isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
102516242 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
102517613 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
106730534 saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
116658362 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
116658363 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-B*0102 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
102511679 RABEP1; rab GTPase-binding effector protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12480 ]
102512845 RUFY2; RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12482 ]
102521550 EHD1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: EH domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12483 ]
102503767 VPS45; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 45 isoform X3 [KO:K12479 ]
102504296 RAB11FIP5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: rab11 family-interacting protein 5 [KO:K12484 ]
102518032 RAB11FIP1; rab11 family-interacting protein 1 isoform X3 [KO:K12484 ]
102520164 RAB11FIP2; rab11 family-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12484 ]
102507549 RAB11FIP3; rab11 family-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12485 ]
106729652 RAB11FIP4; rab11 family-interacting protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K12485 ]
116660476 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: rab11 family-interacting protein 4-like [KO:K12485 ]
102524518 PARD6A; partitioning defective 6 homolog alpha isoform X1 [KO:K06093 ]
102522569 PARD6G; partitioning defective 6 homolog gamma isoform X1 [KO:K06093 ]
102514486 CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04393 ]
102518702 SMAP2; stromal membrane-associated protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12486 ]
102504160 SMAP1; stromal membrane-associated protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12486 ]
102521511 ASAP1; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12488 ]
102515038 ASAP2; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12488 ]
102519237 ASAP3; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12488 ]
102518968 ACAP1; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12489 ]
102504624 ACAP3; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12489 ]
102507752 ACAP2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K12489 ]
102507776 ARAP1; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18439 ]
102519349 ARAP2; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K18440 ]
102511883 ARAP3; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12490 ]
102521211 AGAP1; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12491 ]
102509453 AGAP3; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12491 ]
102508117 AGAP2; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17848 ]
102517332 ARFGAP1; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12492 ]
102517996 ARFGAP3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 3 [KO:K12493 ]
102523023 ARFGAP2; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 2 isoform X3 [KO:K12493 ]
102505649 PSD2; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 2 isoform X4 [KO:K12494 ]
102511310 PSD4; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
102514656 PSD3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12494 ]
102523133 IQSEC3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12495 ]
102507597 IQSEC1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12495 ]
102505163 IQSEC2; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
102510510 ARFGEF1; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18442 ]
102520070 ARFGEF2; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K18442 ]
102515339 GBF1; Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform X6 [KO:K18443 ]
Compound
C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C11556 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Acconcia F, Sigismund S, Polo S
Title
Ubiquitin in trafficking: the network at work.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Donaldson JG, Porat-Shliom N, Cohen LA
Title
Clathrin-independent endocytosis: a unique platform for cell signaling and PM remodeling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sorkin A
Title
Cargo recognition during clathrin-mediated endocytosis: a team effort.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Raiborg C, Stenmark H
Title
The ESCRT machinery in endosomal sorting of ubiquitylated membrane proteins.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Scita G, Di Fiore PP
Title
The endocytic matrix.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Le Roy C, Wrana JL
Title
Clathrin- and non-clathrin-mediated endocytic regulation of cell signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jovic M, Sharma M, Rahajeng J, Caplan S
Title
The early endosome: a busy sorting station for proteins at the crossroads.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pietiainen VM, Marjomaki V, Heino J, Hyypia T
Title
Viral entry, lipid rafts and caveosomes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Grant BD, Donaldson JG
Title
Pathways and mechanisms of endocytic recycling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cullen PJ, Korswagen HC
Title
Sorting nexins provide diversity for retromer-dependent trafficking events.
Journal
Related pathway
cfr04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
cfr04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
cfr04130 SNARE interactions in vesicular transport
KO pathway
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