KEGG   PATHWAY: cdk05214
Entry
cdk05214                    Pathway                                
Name
Glioma - Camelus dromedarius (Arabian camel)
Description
Gliomas are the most common of the primary brain tumors and account for more than 40% of all central nervous system neoplasms. Gliomas include tumours that are composed predominantly of astrocytes (astrocytomas), oligodendrocytes (oligodendrogliomas), mixtures of various glial cells (for example,oligoastrocytomas) and ependymal cells (ependymomas). The most malignant form of infiltrating astrocytoma - glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) - is one of the most aggressive human cancers. GBM may develop de novo (primary glioblastoma) or by progression from low-grade or anaplastic astrocytoma (secondary glioblastoma). Primary glioblastomas develop in older patients and typically show genetic alterations (EGFR amplification, p16/INK4a deletion, and PTEN mutations) at frequencies of 24-34%. Secondary glioblastomas develop in younger patients and frequently show overexpression of PDGF and CDK4 as well as p53 mutations (65%) and loss of Rb playing major roles in such transformations. Loss of PTEN has been implicated in both pathways, although it is much more common in the pathogenesis of primary GBM.
Class
Human Diseases; Cancer: specific types
Pathway map
cdk05214  Glioma
cdk05214

Organism
Camelus dromedarius (Arabian camel) [GN:cdk]
Gene
105089905  EGF; pro-epidermal growth factor isoform X1 [KO:K04357]
105088937  TGFA; protransforming growth factor alpha [KO:K08774]
105105749  EGFR; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: epidermal growth factor receptor [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
105102061  PDGFA; platelet-derived growth factor subunit A isoform X1 [KO:K04359]
105091934  PDGFB; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B [KO:K17386]
105103397  PDGFRA; platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha [KO:K04363] [EC:2.7.10.1]
105098486  PDGFRB; platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta [KO:K05089] [EC:2.7.10.1]
105097468  IGF1; insulin-like growth factor I isoform X1 [KO:K05459]
105093441  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
105085024  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
105089440  PLCG2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05859] [EC:3.1.4.11]
105096001  CALM1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
105093281  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
105104026  CALM3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
105105602  CALML6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
105092364  CALM2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
116147086  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
105099333  CAMK1G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type 1G isoform X1 [KO:K08794] [EC:2.7.11.17]
105100308  CAMK1D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type 1D isoform X1 [KO:K08794] [EC:2.7.11.17]
105106629  CAMK1; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08794] [EC:2.7.11.17]
105089916  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X8 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
105098484  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
105092453  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
105092345  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
105095388  CAMK4; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV isoform X2 [KO:K05869] [EC:2.7.11.17]
105092299  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
105094833  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
105103265  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
105089005  SHC1; SHC-transforming protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06279]
105093416  SHC2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SHC-transforming protein 2 [KO:K17447]
105086410  SHC3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SHC-transforming protein 3 [KO:K17448]
105104832  SHC4; SHC-transforming protein 4 [KO:K17449]
105104642  GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]
105091467  SOS2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: son of sevenless homolog 2 [KO:K03099]
105103654  SOS1; son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
105105427  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
105100066  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
105089630  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
105102848  ARAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform X1 [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105091663  BRAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform X1 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105093099  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105093267  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
105105302  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
105095214  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105102769  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105086305  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
105107003  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
105085928  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
105084758  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
105101867  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
105092913  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
105099264  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X3 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105104845  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105093393  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105107024  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105088956  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
105092872  cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A-like isoform X1 [KO:K06621]
105101086  MDM2; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 isoform X1 [KO:K06643] [EC:2.3.2.27]
105103011  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
105101330  CDKN1A; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 isoform X2 [KO:K06625]
105104393  CCND1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 [KO:K04503]
105100330  CDK4; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 [KO:K02089] [EC:2.7.11.22]
105088747  CDK6; cyclin-dependent kinase 6 isoform X2 [KO:K02091] [EC:2.7.11.22]
105101803  RB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: retinoblastoma-associated protein [KO:K06618]
105092697  E2F1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transcription factor E2F1 [KO:K17454]
105088895  E2F2; transcription factor E2F2 [KO:K09389]
105089193  E2F3; transcription factor E2F3 isoform X1 [KO:K06620]
105086406  GADD45G; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma [KO:K04402]
105103609  GADD45B; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta [KO:K04402]
105096626  GADD45A; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04402]
105102890  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX [KO:K02159]
105101376  BAK1; bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer isoform X1 [KO:K14021]
105106872  DDB2; DNA damage-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10140]
105084801  POLK; DNA polymerase kappa isoform X1 [KO:K03511] [EC:2.7.7.7]
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15639402
  Authors
Soni D, King JA, Kaye AH, Hovens CM.
  Title
Genetics of glioblastoma multiforme: mitogenic signaling and cell cycle pathways converge.
  Journal
J Clin Neurosci 12:1-5 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.jocn.2004.04.001
Reference
PMID:12154354
  Authors
Zhu Y, Parada LF.
  Title
The molecular and genetic basis of neurological tumours.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 2:616-26 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nrc866
Reference
PMID:11253051
  Authors
Holland EC.
  Title
Gliomagenesis: genetic alterations and mouse models.
  Journal
Nat Rev Genet 2:120-9 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/35052535
Reference
PMID:16700615
  Authors
Bansal K, Liang ML, Rutka JT.
  Title
Molecular biology of human gliomas.
  Journal
Technol Cancer Res Treat 5:185-94 (2006)
DOI:10.1177/153303460600500302
Reference
  Authors
Tabuchi K (ed).
  Title
[Gliomas: Research and therapy] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Springer-Verlag Tokyo (2006)
Reference
PMID:12762887
  Authors
Kapoor GS, O'Rourke DM.
  Title
Mitogenic signaling cascades in glial tumors.
  Journal
Neurosurgery 52:1425-34; discussion 1434-5 (2003)
DOI:10.1227/01.NEU.0000065135.28143.39
Reference
PMID:16095998
  Authors
Hulleman E, Helin K.
  Title
Molecular mechanisms in gliomagenesis.
  Journal
Adv Cancer Res 94:1-27 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/S0065-230X(05)94001-3
Reference
PMID:11057895
  Authors
Schlessinger J.
  Title
Cell signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases.
  Journal
Cell 103:211-25 (2000)
DOI:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00114-8
Reference
PMID:9643506
  Authors
Ng HK, Lam PY.
  Title
The molecular genetics of central nervous system tumors.
  Journal
Pathology 30:196-202 (1998)
DOI:10.1080/00313029800169236
Reference
PMID:12084351
  Authors
Knobbe CB, Merlo A, Reifenberger G.
  Title
Pten signaling in gliomas.
  Journal
Neuro-oncol 4:196-211 (2002)
DOI:10.1093/neuonc/4.3.196
Related
pathway
cdk04010  MAPK signaling pathway
cdk04012  ErbB signaling pathway
cdk04020  Calcium signaling pathway
cdk04060  Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
cdk04110  Cell cycle
cdk04115  p53 signaling pathway
cdk04150  mTOR signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko05214   
LinkDB

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