Entry
Name
Endocytosis - Electrophorus electricus (electric eel)
Description
Endocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins entering through clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) have sequences in their cytoplasmic domains that bind to the APs (adaptor-related protein complexes) and enable their rapid removal from the PM. In addition to APs and clathrin, there are numerous accessory proteins including dynamin. Depending on the various proteins that enter the endosome membrane, these cargoes are sorted to distinct destinations. Some cargoes, such as nutrient receptors, are recycled back to the PM. Ubiquitylated membrane proteins, such as activated growth-factor receptors, are sorted into intraluminal vesicles and eventually end up in the lysosome lumen via multivesicular endosomes (MVEs). There are distinct mechanisms of clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) depending upon the cargo and the cell type.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Electrophorus electricus (electric eel) [GN:
eee ]
Gene
113573713 ap2b1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: AP-2 complex subunit beta [KO:K11825 ]
113575425 zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 9-like isoform X1 [KO:K04679 ]
113583658 zfyve16; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 16 [KO:K04679 ]
113590404 zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 9-like isoform X1 [KO:K04679 ]
113590822 smad2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04500 ]
113576138 sh3kbp1; SH3 domain-containing kinase-binding protein 1 [KO:K12470 ]
113584305 myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K12562 ]
113574481 eps15l1; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15-like 1 [KO:K12472 ]
113585971 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15-like 1 [KO:K12472 ]
113589511 ldlrap1; low density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1 [KO:K12474 ]
113569924 low density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1-like [KO:K12474 ]
113583581 low density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1-B-like [KO:K12474 ]
113582930 neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein-like isoform X1 [KO:K23612 ]
113576019 actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05755 ]
113583609 actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5-like protein [KO:K05754 ]
113567915 actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5-like protein [KO:K05754 ]
113581153 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: WAS/WASL-interacting protein family member 2-like [KO:K19475 ]
113588047 dnajc6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: putative tyrosine-protein phosphatase auxilin [KO:K09526 ]
113582813 capzb; F-actin-capping protein subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K10365 ]
113573686 vps29; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 29 isoform X1 [KO:K18467 ]
113571540 vps26a; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26A [KO:K18466 ]
113588904 vps35; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 [KO:K18468 ]
113587851 hgs; hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate isoform X1 [KO:K12182 ]
113579681 tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein-like isoform X1 [KO:K12183 ]
113586989 vps28; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 28 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K12184 ]
113589572 vps37b; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37B [KO:K12185 ]
113582864 vps37a; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37A isoform X1 [KO:K12185 ]
113581193 vps36; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36 [KO:K12190 ]
113574304 vps25; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 25 [KO:K12189 ]
113570126 vps4b; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B isoform X1 [KO:K12196 ]
113574490 vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B-like isoform X1 [KO:K12196 ]
113583173 vta1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein VTA1 homolog [KO:K12199 ]
113574186 charged multivesicular body protein 1b-like isoform X1 [KO:K12197 ]
113571014 pdcd6ip; programmed cell death 6-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K12200 ]
113570044 igf2r; cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor [KO:K06564 ]
113575423 cytokine receptor common subunit gamma-like isoform X1 [KO:K05070 ]
113568801 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-2 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
113588762 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7-like [KO:K06751 ]
113568887 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-6-like [KO:K06751 ]
113568897 class I histocompatibility antigen, F10 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
113568924 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-41 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
113569031 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7-like [KO:K06751 ]
113569108 class I histocompatibility antigen, F10 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
113583839 H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen, Q9 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
113592081 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7-like [KO:K06751 ]
113569159 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-30 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
113567983 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7-like [KO:K06751 ]
113569316 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7-like [KO:K06751 ]
113569330 class I histocompatibility antigen, F10 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
113569334 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7-like [KO:K06751 ]
113569366 RT1 class I histocompatibility antigen, AA alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
113568289 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-2 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
113568574 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7-like [KO:K06751 ]
113568606 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7-like [KO:K06751 ]
113583829 H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen, Q9 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
113568290 class I histocompatibility antigen, F10 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
113581004 rabep1; rab GTPase-binding effector protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12480 ]
113581509 rufy1; RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12482 ]
113571466 rufy2; RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12482 ]
113587471 vps45; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 45 [KO:K12479 ]
113578851 rab11fip4; rab11 family-interacting protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K12485 ]
113586565 rab11fip3; rab11 family-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12485 ]
113587976 partitioning defective 6 homolog beta-like isoform X1 [KO:K06093 ]
113577474 smap2; stromal membrane-associated protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12486 ]
113585460 smap1; stromal membrane-associated protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12486 ]
113570514 arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2-like [KO:K12488 ]
113590307 arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1-like [KO:K12488 ]
113589354 arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K12488 ]
113579143 asap2; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12488 ]
113573817 arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K12488 ]
113571970 arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K12488 ]
113585739 arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K12489 ]
113590999 acap1; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12489 ]
113570319 acap3; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12489 ]
113574704 arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3-like [KO:K12489 ]
113587172 arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K12489 ]
113585533 arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K12489 ]
113581579 arap1; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K18439 ]
113567858 arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1-like [KO:K18439 ]
113587440 arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1-like [KO:K18439 ]
113573503 arap2; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K18440 ]
113573380 arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K12490 ]
113583773 arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3-like [KO:K12491 ]
113574006 agap1; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12491 ]
113570320 arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K17848 ]
113572430 arfgap1; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12492 ]
113579062 arfgap2; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12493 ]
113573572 arfgap3; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12493 ]
113588091 PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 4-like isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
113573409 PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
113576746 PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
113583997 iqsec3; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
113589353 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1-like [KO:K12495 ]
113589830 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 2-like [KO:K12495 ]
113570804 IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
113572285 IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
113590691 brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 1-like [KO:K18442 ]
113587973 brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K18442 ]
113578244 gbf1; Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18443 ]
Compound
C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C11556 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Acconcia F, Sigismund S, Polo S
Title
Ubiquitin in trafficking: the network at work.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Donaldson JG, Porat-Shliom N, Cohen LA
Title
Clathrin-independent endocytosis: a unique platform for cell signaling and PM remodeling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sorkin A
Title
Cargo recognition during clathrin-mediated endocytosis: a team effort.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Raiborg C, Stenmark H
Title
The ESCRT machinery in endosomal sorting of ubiquitylated membrane proteins.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Scita G, Di Fiore PP
Title
The endocytic matrix.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Le Roy C, Wrana JL
Title
Clathrin- and non-clathrin-mediated endocytic regulation of cell signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jovic M, Sharma M, Rahajeng J, Caplan S
Title
The early endosome: a busy sorting station for proteins at the crossroads.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pietiainen VM, Marjomaki V, Heino J, Hyypia T
Title
Viral entry, lipid rafts and caveosomes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Grant BD, Donaldson JG
Title
Pathways and mechanisms of endocytic recycling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cullen PJ, Korswagen HC
Title
Sorting nexins provide diversity for retromer-dependent trafficking events.
Journal
Related pathway
eee04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
eee04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
eee04130 SNARE interactions in vesicular transport
KO pathway
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