KEGG   PATHWAY: mcf04725
Entry
mcf04725                    Pathway                                
Name
Cholinergic synapse - Macaca fascicularis (crab-eating macaque)
Description
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter widely distributed in the central (and also peripheral, autonomic and enteric) nervous system (CNS). In the CNS, ACh facilitates many functions, such as learning, memory, attention and motor control. When released in the synaptic cleft, ACh binds to two distinct types of receptors: Ionotropic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and metabotropic muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). The activation of nAChR by ACh leads to the rapid influx of Na+ and Ca2+ and subsequent cellular depolarization. Activation of mAChRs is relatively slow (milliseconds to seconds) and, depending on the subtypes present (M1-M5), they directly alter cellular homeostasis of phospholipase C, inositol trisphosphate, cAMP, and free calcium. In the cleft, ACh may also be hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) into choline and acetate. The choline derived from ACh hydrolysis is recovered by a presynaptic high-affinity choline transporter (CHT).
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
mcf04725  Cholinergic synapse
mcf04725

Other DBs
GO: 0032222
Organism
Macaca fascicularis (crab-eating macaque) [GN:mcf]
Gene
102146741  CHAT; choline O-acetyltransferase [KO:K00623] [EC:2.3.1.6]
102143626  ACHE; acetylcholinesterase isoform X9 [KO:K01049] [EC:3.1.1.7]
102147099  SLC18A3; vesicular acetylcholine transporter [KO:K14636]
102119626  CHRM1; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 [KO:K04129]
102126927  CHRM3; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 [KO:K04131]
102127158  CHRM5; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 [KO:K04133]
102130397  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04634]
102123885  GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635]
101925220  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102140615  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102136896  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102123165  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101865389  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
102115744  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
102116003  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
102135875  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X4 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102116992  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101865773  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102124629  KCNQ1; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04926]
102127993  KCNQ2; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04927]
102116708  KCNQ3; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 3 [KO:K04928]
102143586  KCNQ4; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04929]
102138489  KCNQ5; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 5 isoform X2 [KO:K04930]
102132844  KCNJ2; inward rectifier potassium channel 2 [KO:K04996]
102117907  KCNJ12; ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 12 [KO:K05005]
102143862  KCNJ4; inward rectifier potassium channel 4 [KO:K04998]
102146397  KCNJ14; ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 14 [KO:K05007]
102141940  CHRM2; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 [KO:K04130]
102138894  CHRM4; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 [KO:K04132]
102119905  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K04630]
102140224  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04630]
101926144  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04630]
102131761  GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534]
102120049  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
101867297  GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
102125334  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825]
102125173  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04538]
101866657  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 isoform X2 [KO:K04539]
101925341  GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
101925867  GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
102146209  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
102141053  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
102145967  GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
123568653  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542]
123572350  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542]
107128232  GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 isoform X1 [KO:K04544]
102125944  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10-like isoform X1 [KO:K04545]
107127614  GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
102133905  GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
102126944  GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
123570590  GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
102134312  GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548]
102142284  GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
102123532  KCNJ3; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04997]
102127724  KCNJ6; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 [KO:K05000]
102146644  PIK3CG; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K21289] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102135867  PIK3R5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K21290]
102133347  PIK3R6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K21290]
102118744  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
102131483  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
102137913  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
102141214  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102145011  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102116996  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102143716  FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]
102118754  CHRNA7; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 isoform X1 [KO:K04809]
102127093  CHRNA4; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04806]
101925131  CHRNB2; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2 isoform X2 [KO:K04813]
102144952  CHRNA3; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K04805]
102145952  CHRNB4; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4 [KO:K04815]
102122218  CHRNA6; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6 isoform X1 [KO:K04808]
102147015  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102130114  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101925741  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 isoform X2 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102123837  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102135142  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102116122  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X1 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102125718  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102144854  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102135923  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 isoform X1 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102117414  PRKACG; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
102142443  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
101926461  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X4 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
102141699  CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K05870]
102117938  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
102134095  CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X2 [KO:K09048]
102146405  CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048]
102142378  CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048]
102139679  CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
102136437  CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
102123367  CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X2 [KO:K09047]
101926613  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
102126681  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
101865637  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
101866326  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
101864901  CAMK4; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV [KO:K05869] [EC:2.7.11.17]
102119008  JAK2; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2 isoform X1 [KO:K04447] [EC:2.7.10.2]
102126878  FYN; tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn [KO:K05703] [EC:2.7.10.2]
102143464  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102142026  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102122725  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102137291  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
101866246  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
102124804  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
102144461  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102142406  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102132744  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102138212  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X2 [KO:K02161]
102130052  CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A isoform X1 [KO:K04344]
101925455  CACNA1B; voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B isoform X1 [KO:K04849]
101865175  CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850]
102138213  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X7 [KO:K04851]
102119841  CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853]
102131553  CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S isoform X1 [KO:K04857]
102144560  SLC5A7; high affinity choline transporter 1 [KO:K14387]
Compound
C00010  CoA
C00024  Acetyl-CoA
C00033  Acetate
C00076  Calcium cation
C00114  Choline
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
C01996  Acetylcholine
C04637  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
Reference
  Authors
Nestler EJ, Hyman SE, Malenka RC.
  Title
Molecular neuropharmacology: A foundation for clinical neuroscience
  Journal
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (2001)
Reference
  Authors
Nicholls JG, Martin AR, Wallace BG, Fuchs PA.
  Title
From neuron to brain, 4th ed.
  Journal
Sunderland, MA: Sinauer associates (2001)
Reference
PMID:15165747
  Authors
Dajas-Bailador F, Wonnacott S
  Title
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the regulation of neuronal signalling.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 25:317-24 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2004.04.006
Reference
PMID:19712465
  Authors
Resende RR, Adhikari A
  Title
Cholinergic receptor pathways involved in apoptosis, cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation.
  Journal
Cell Commun Signal 7:20 (2009)
DOI:10.1186/1478-811X-7-20
Reference
PMID:19378880
  Authors
Origlia N, Kuczewski N, Pesavento E, Aztiria E, Domenici L
  Title
The role of cholinergic system in neuronal plasticity: focus on visual cortex and muscarinic receptors.
  Journal
Arch Ital Biol 146:165-88 (2008)
Reference
PMID:21550798
  Authors
Oldenburg IA, Ding JB
  Title
Cholinergic modulation of synaptic integration and dendritic excitability in the striatum.
  Journal
Curr Opin Neurobiol 21:425-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.conb.2011.04.004
Reference
PMID:12893537
  Authors
Lanzafame AA, Christopoulos A, Mitchelson F
  Title
Cellular signaling mechanisms for muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
  Journal
Receptors Channels 9:241-60 (2003)
DOI:10.3109/10606820308263
Reference
PMID:20446119
  Authors
Brown DA
  Title
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in the nervous system: some functions and mechanisms.
  Journal
J Mol Neurosci 41:340-6 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s12031-010-9377-2
Reference
PMID:11738031
  Authors
Chang KT, Berg DK
  Title
Voltage-gated channels block nicotinic regulation of CREB phosphorylation and gene expression in neurons.
  Journal
Neuron 32:855-65 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00516-5
Reference
PMID:11283752
  Authors
Soreq H, Seidman S
  Title
Acetylcholinesterase--new roles for an old actor.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 2:294-302 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/35067589
Reference
PMID:12436417
  Authors
Sharma G, Vijayaraghavan S
  Title
Nicotinic receptor signaling in nonexcitable cells.
  Journal
J Neurobiol 53:524-34 (2002)
DOI:10.1002/neu.10114
Reference
PMID:11923408
  Authors
Araque A, Martin ED, Perea G, Arellano JI, Buno W
  Title
Synaptically released acetylcholine evokes Ca2+ elevations in astrocytes in hippocampal slices.
  Journal
J Neurosci 22:2443-50 (2002)
DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-07-02443.2002
Reference
PMID:12690458
  Authors
Lucas-Meunier E, Fossier P, Baux G, Amar M
  Title
Cholinergic modulation of the cortical neuronal network.
  Journal
Pflugers Arch 446:17-29 (2003)
DOI:10.1007/s00424-002-0999-2
Reference
PMID:20060019
  Authors
Abreu-Villaca Y, Filgueiras CC, Manhaes AC
  Title
Developmental aspects of the cholinergic system.
  Journal
Behav Brain Res 221:367-78 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.12.049
Related
pathway
mcf00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
mcf04010  MAPK signaling pathway
mcf04020  Calcium signaling pathway
mcf04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
mcf04975  Fat digestion and absorption
KO pathway
ko04725   
LinkDB

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