KEGG   PATHWAY: mdo04725
Entry
mdo04725                    Pathway                                
Name
Cholinergic synapse - Monodelphis domestica (gray short-tailed opossum)
Description
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter widely distributed in the central (and also peripheral, autonomic and enteric) nervous system (CNS). In the CNS, ACh facilitates many functions, such as learning, memory, attention and motor control. When released in the synaptic cleft, ACh binds to two distinct types of receptors: Ionotropic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and metabotropic muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). The activation of nAChR by ACh leads to the rapid influx of Na+ and Ca2+ and subsequent cellular depolarization. Activation of mAChRs is relatively slow (milliseconds to seconds) and, depending on the subtypes present (M1-M5), they directly alter cellular homeostasis of phospholipase C, inositol trisphosphate, cAMP, and free calcium. In the cleft, ACh may also be hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) into choline and acetate. The choline derived from ACh hydrolysis is recovered by a presynaptic high-affinity choline transporter (CHT).
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
mdo04725  Cholinergic synapse
mdo04725

Other DBs
GO: 0032222
Organism
Monodelphis domestica (gray short-tailed opossum) [GN:mdo]
Gene
100019640  CHAT; choline O-acetyltransferase [KO:K00623] [EC:2.3.1.6]
100017989  ACHE; acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) [KO:K01049] [EC:3.1.1.7]
103092068  SLC18A3; solute carrier family 18 member A3 [KO:K14636]
100013112  CHRM1; cholinergic receptor muscarinic 1 [KO:K04129]
100027809  CHRM3; cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3 [KO:K04131]
100026723  CHRM5; cholinergic receptor muscarinic 5 [KO:K04133]
100011605  GNAQ; G protein subunit alpha q [KO:K04634]
100009763  GNA11; G protein subunit alpha 11 [KO:K04635]
100033281  PLCB4; phospholipase C beta 4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100031660  PLCB1; phospholipase C beta 1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100031869  PLCB2; phospholipase C beta 2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100031263  PLCB3; phospholipase C beta 3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100013305  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
100010212  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
100025596  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
100024674  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100013346  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100033066  uncharacterized LOC100033066 [KO:K04926]
100019940  KCNQ2; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 2 [KO:K04927]
100026683  KCNQ3; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 3 [KO:K04928]
100032157  KCNQ4; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 4 [KO:K04929]
100016291  KCNQ5; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 5 [KO:K04930]
100024208  KCNJ2; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 2 [KO:K04996]
100012029  KCNJ12; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 12 [KO:K05005]
100010865  KCNJ4; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 4 [KO:K04998]
100017080  CHRM2; cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2 [KO:K04130]
100011680  CHRM4; cholinergic receptor muscarinic 4 [KO:K04132]
100013052  GNAI1; G protein subunit alpha i1 [KO:K04630]
100030095  GNAI3; G protein subunit alpha i3 [KO:K04630]
100032986  GNAI2; G protein subunit alpha i2 [KO:K04630]
100015137  GNAO1; G protein subunit alpha o1 [KO:K04534]
100010736  GNB1; G protein subunit beta 1 [KO:K04536]
100017392  GNB2; G protein subunit beta 2 [KO:K04537]
100013759  GNB3; G protein subunit beta 3 [KO:K07825]
100013546  GNB4; G protein subunit beta 4 [KO:K04538]
100031383  GNB5; G protein subunit beta 5 [KO:K04539]
100010452  GNG3; G protein subunit gamma 3 [KO:K04540]
100021132  GNG4; G protein subunit gamma 4 [KO:K04541]
100011015  GNG5; G protein subunit gamma 5 [KO:K04542]
100014687  GNG7; G protein subunit gamma 7 [KO:K04543]
100016961  GNG8; G protein subunit gamma 8 [KO:K04544]
100018189  GNG10; G protein subunit gamma 10 [KO:K04545]
100016914  GNG12; G protein subunit gamma 12 [KO:K04347]
100010184  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7-like [KO:K04347]
100017439  GNG13; G protein subunit gamma 13 [KO:K04547]
100018838  GNGT2; G protein subunit gamma transducin 2 [KO:K04549]
100014566  KCNJ3; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 3 [KO:K04997]
100019404  KCNJ6; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 6 [KO:K05000]
100009879  PIK3CG; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma [KO:K21289] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100012464  PIK3R5; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 [KO:K21290]
100032921  HRAS; HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase [KO:K02833]
554186  KRAS; KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase [KO:K07827]
554197  NRAS; neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog [KO:K07828]
100022523  GTPase NRas-like [KO:K07828]
100018410  MAP2K1; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100028096  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100012916  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100018285  FOS; Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit [KO:K04379]
100027128  neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 [KO:K04809]
100025181  CHRNA4; cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit [KO:K04806]
100020783  CHRNB2; cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 2 subunit [KO:K04813]
100025756  CHRNA3; cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit [KO:K04805]
100025726  CHRNB4; cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit [KO:K04815]
100033042  CHRNA6; cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 6 subunit [KO:K04808]
100030463  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100013164  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100025332  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100030872  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100019274  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100013823  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100026554  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100013831  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100011211  PRKACB; protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100026861  PRKACA; protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100032298  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100014049  CREB1; cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 [KO:K05870]
100012224  ATF4; activating transcription factor 4 [KO:K04374]
100017208  CREB3L2; cAMP responsive element binding protein 3 like 2 [KO:K09048]
100020067  CREB3L4; cAMP responsive element binding protein 3 like 4 [KO:K09048]
100022547  CREB3L3; cAMP responsive element binding protein 3 like 3 [KO:K09048]
100015046  CREB3L1; cAMP responsive element binding protein 3 like 1 [KO:K09048]
103104366  CREB3; cAMP responsive element binding protein 3 [KO:K09048]
100032634  CREB5; cAMP responsive element binding protein 5 [KO:K09047]
100011784  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II delta [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
100010898  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
100024521  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II beta [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
100028973  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II alpha [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
100015956  CAMK4; calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV [KO:K05869] [EC:2.7.11.17]
100017930  JAK2; Janus kinase 2 [KO:K04447] [EC:2.7.10.2]
100022459  FYN; FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase [KO:K05703] [EC:2.7.10.2]
100010412  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100017332  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100024769  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100019317  PIK3R1; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K02649]
100032726  PIK3R2; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K02649]
100616957  PIK3R3; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K02649]
100014564  AKT2; AKT serine/threonine kinase 2 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100019947  AKT1; AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100027373  AKT3; AKT serine/threonine kinase 3 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100016570  BCL2; BCL2, apoptosis regulator [KO:K02161]
100021108  CACNA1A; calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 A [KO:K04344]
100023896  CACNA1B; calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 B [KO:K04849]
100021421  CACNA1C; calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C [KO:K04850]
100014450  CACNA1D; calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 D [KO:K04851]
100019531  CACNA1F; calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 F [KO:K04853]
100013684  CACNA1S; calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 S [KO:K04857]
100015069  SLC5A7; solute carrier family 5 member 7 [KO:K14387]
Compound
C00010  CoA
C00024  Acetyl-CoA
C00033  Acetate
C00076  Calcium cation
C00114  Choline
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
C01996  Acetylcholine
C04637  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
Reference
  Authors
Nestler EJ, Hyman SE, Malenka RC.
  Title
Molecular neuropharmacology: A foundation for clinical neuroscience
  Journal
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (2001)
Reference
  Authors
Nicholls JG, Martin AR, Wallace BG, Fuchs PA.
  Title
From neuron to brain, 4th ed.
  Journal
Sunderland, MA: Sinauer associates (2001)
Reference
PMID:15165747
  Authors
Dajas-Bailador F, Wonnacott S
  Title
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the regulation of neuronal signalling.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 25:317-24 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2004.04.006
Reference
PMID:19712465
  Authors
Resende RR, Adhikari A
  Title
Cholinergic receptor pathways involved in apoptosis, cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation.
  Journal
Cell Commun Signal 7:20 (2009)
DOI:10.1186/1478-811X-7-20
Reference
PMID:19378880
  Authors
Origlia N, Kuczewski N, Pesavento E, Aztiria E, Domenici L
  Title
The role of cholinergic system in neuronal plasticity: focus on visual cortex and muscarinic receptors.
  Journal
Arch Ital Biol 146:165-88 (2008)
Reference
PMID:21550798
  Authors
Oldenburg IA, Ding JB
  Title
Cholinergic modulation of synaptic integration and dendritic excitability in the striatum.
  Journal
Curr Opin Neurobiol 21:425-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.conb.2011.04.004
Reference
PMID:12893537
  Authors
Lanzafame AA, Christopoulos A, Mitchelson F
  Title
Cellular signaling mechanisms for muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
  Journal
Receptors Channels 9:241-60 (2003)
DOI:10.3109/10606820308263
Reference
PMID:20446119
  Authors
Brown DA
  Title
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in the nervous system: some functions and mechanisms.
  Journal
J Mol Neurosci 41:340-6 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s12031-010-9377-2
Reference
PMID:11738031
  Authors
Chang KT, Berg DK
  Title
Voltage-gated channels block nicotinic regulation of CREB phosphorylation and gene expression in neurons.
  Journal
Neuron 32:855-65 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00516-5
Reference
PMID:11283752
  Authors
Soreq H, Seidman S
  Title
Acetylcholinesterase--new roles for an old actor.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 2:294-302 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/35067589
Reference
PMID:12436417
  Authors
Sharma G, Vijayaraghavan S
  Title
Nicotinic receptor signaling in nonexcitable cells.
  Journal
J Neurobiol 53:524-34 (2002)
DOI:10.1002/neu.10114
Reference
PMID:11923408
  Authors
Araque A, Martin ED, Perea G, Arellano JI, Buno W
  Title
Synaptically released acetylcholine evokes Ca2+ elevations in astrocytes in hippocampal slices.
  Journal
J Neurosci 22:2443-50 (2002)
DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-07-02443.2002
Reference
PMID:12690458
  Authors
Lucas-Meunier E, Fossier P, Baux G, Amar M
  Title
Cholinergic modulation of the cortical neuronal network.
  Journal
Pflugers Arch 446:17-29 (2003)
DOI:10.1007/s00424-002-0999-2
Reference
PMID:20060019
  Authors
Abreu-Villaca Y, Filgueiras CC, Manhaes AC
  Title
Developmental aspects of the cholinergic system.
  Journal
Behav Brain Res 221:367-78 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.12.049
Related
pathway
mdo00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
mdo04010  MAPK signaling pathway
mdo04020  Calcium signaling pathway
mdo04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
mdo04975  Fat digestion and absorption
KO pathway
ko04725   
LinkDB

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