KEGG   PATHWAY: mrv04620
Entry
mrv04620                    Pathway                                
Name
Toll-like receptor signaling pathway - Mauremys reevesii (Reeves's turtle)
Description
Specific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors identified as homologs of Toll in Drosophila. Mammalian TLRs are expressed on innate immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, and respond to the membrane components of Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. Pathogen recognition by TLRs provokes rapid activation of innate immunity by inducing production of proinflammatory cytokines and upregulation of costimulatory molecules. TLR signaling pathways are separated into two groups: a MyD88-dependent pathway that leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines with quick activation of NF-{kappa}B and MAPK, and a MyD88-independent pathway associated with the induction of IFN-beta and IFN-inducible genes, and maturation of dendritic cells with slow activation of NF-{kappa}B and MAPK.
Class
Organismal Systems; Immune system
Pathway map
mrv04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
mrv04620

Organism
Mauremys reevesii (Reeves's turtle) [GN:mrv]
Gene
120405943  toll-like receptor 1 [KO:K05398]
120406864  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: toll-like receptor 6 [KO:K05398]
120406276  TLR2; toll-like receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10159]
120407011  toll-like receptor 2 type-2 isoform X1 [KO:K10159]
120390761  toll-like receptor 2 [KO:K10159]
120398259  LY96; lymphocyte antigen 96 isoform X1 [KO:K05400]
120407044  TLR3; toll-like receptor 3 [KO:K05401]
120386592  TLR4; toll-like receptor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K10160]
120402053  TLR5; toll-like receptor 5 [KO:K10168]
120408927  toll-like receptor 5 [KO:K10168]
120396137  TLR7; toll-like receptor 7 [KO:K05404]
120401247  TLR8; toll-like receptor 8 [KO:K10170]
120388371  toll-like receptor 8 isoform X1 [KO:K10170]
120390078  CTSK; cathepsin K [KO:K01371] [EC:3.4.22.38]
120390507  cathepsin K-like isoform X1 [KO:K01371] [EC:3.4.22.38]
120369049  TLR9; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: toll-like receptor 9 [KO:K10161]
120372984  RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04392]
120371749  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
120371816  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
120387926  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
120391575  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
120370714  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
120407838  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
120405059  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120388568  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120401029  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120404414  toll-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K05402]
120397823  MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 [KO:K04729]
120375449  toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein isoform X1 [KO:K05403]
120402879  FADD; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]
120374759  CASP8; caspase-8 isoform X1 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
120374760  caspase-8-like isoform X1 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
120386280  IRAK4; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04733] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120388499  IRAK1; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 [KO:K04730] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120404545  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
120372053  TAB1; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04403]
120400767  TAB2; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04404]
120400505  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
120388769  IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform X1 [KO:K07210]
120368653  CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
120397038  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
120405241  NFKBIA; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734]
120405938  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
120369204  RELA; transcription factor p65 isoform X1 [KO:K04735]
120397005  MAP3K8; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8 [KO:K04415] [EC:2.7.11.25]
120373628  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
120391732  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
120386132  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120404454  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120373319  MAP2K3; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04432] [EC:2.7.12.2]
120383171  MAP2K6; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04433] [EC:2.7.12.2]
120383189  MAP2K4; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04430] [EC:2.7.12.2]
120403531  MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120404342  MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120389525  MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120389611  MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120405833  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120368657  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120369865  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120370011  JUN; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
120405405  FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]
120392459  TNF; tumor necrosis factor isoform X1 [KO:K03156]
120397289  interleukin-1 beta-like [KO:K04519]
120399668  interleukin-1 beta-like [KO:K04519]
120398388  IL6; interleukin-6 [KO:K05405]
120372381  IL12A; interleukin-12 subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K05406]
120370753  IL12B; interleukin-12 subunit beta [KO:K05425]
120406411  interleukin-8-like [KO:K10030]
120406412  interleukin-8-like [KO:K10030]
120406413  interleukin-8-like [KO:K10030]
120406445  interleukin-8-like [KO:K10030]
120406446  interleukin-8-like [KO:K10030]
120406447  interleukin-8-like [KO:K10030]
120406448  interleukin-8-like [KO:K10030]
120406556  alveolar macrophage chemotactic factor-like [KO:K10030]
120387384  C-C motif chemokine 5-like [KO:K12499]
120387101  C-C motif chemokine 5-like [KO:K05408]
120387116  C-C motif chemokine 3-like [KO:K05408]
120387439  C-C motif chemokine 3-like [KO:K05408]
120387377  C-C motif chemokine 4-like [KO:K12964]
120387382  C-C motif chemokine 4-like [KO:K12964]
120387383  C-C motif chemokine 4-like [KO:K12964]
120407821  TICAM2; TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 2 [KO:K05409]
120391899  TICAM1; TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 1 [KO:K05842]
120396472  RIPK1; receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02861] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120395530  IRF5; interferon regulatory factor 5 [KO:K09446]
120404379  IRF7; interferon regulatory factor 7 isoform X1 [KO:K09447]
120405720  SPP1; osteopontin [KO:K06250]
120403394  IKBKE; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon [KO:K07211] [EC:2.7.11.10]
120383914  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
120404354  TRAF3; TNF receptor-associated factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K03174]
120388286  IRF3; interferon regulatory factor 3 [KO:K05411]
120379730  CD40; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03160]
120395863  CD80; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD80 [KO:K05412]
120407278  interferon beta-2-like [KO:K05414]
120407284  interferon beta-like [KO:K05414]
120407285  interferon beta-like [KO:K05414]
120407286  interferon beta-like [KO:K05414]
120407287  interferon epsilon-like [KO:K05414]
120407288  interferon beta-like [KO:K05414]
120407289  interferon beta-like [KO:K05414]
120407291  interferon beta-like [KO:K05414]
120407292  interferon beta-like [KO:K05414]
120407293  interferon epsilon-like [KO:K05414]
120407294  interferon beta-like [KO:K05414]
120407295  interferon beta-like [KO:K05414]
120407296  interferon kappa-like [KO:K05414]
120407297  interferon epsilon-like [KO:K05414]
120407300  interferon beta-like [KO:K05414]
120407302  interferon beta-like [KO:K05414]
120407541  interferon beta-like [KO:K05414]
120407717  interferon beta-like [KO:K05414]
120408182  interferon epsilon-like [KO:K05414]
120406639  IFNAR1; interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05130]
120395610  interferon alpha/beta receptor 2-like [KO:K05131]
120379609  interferon alpha/beta receptor 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K05131]
120369825  JAK1; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 [KO:K11217] [EC:2.7.10.2]
120390943  TYK2; non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 [KO:K11219] [EC:2.7.10.2]
120374631  STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta isoform X1 [KO:K11220]
120391254  STAT2; signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 [KO:K11221]
120379815  IRF9; interferon regulatory factor 9 [KO:K04693]
120406987  C-X-C motif chemokine 10-like isoform X1 [KO:K12671]
120406988  C-X-C motif chemokine 10-like [KO:K12671]
120369121  platelet factor 4-like [KO:K05416]
120406989  C-X-C motif chemokine 11-like [KO:K12672]
Reference
PMID:17275323
  Authors
Kawai T, Akira S.
  Title
TLR signaling.
  Journal
Semin Immunol 19:24-32 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.smim.2006.12.004
Reference
PMID:17457343
  Authors
O'Neill LA, Bowie AG.
  Title
The family of five: TIR-domain-containing adaptors in Toll-like receptor signalling.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 7:353-64 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nri2079
Reference
PMID:16932750
  Authors
Honda K, Taniguchi T.
  Title
IRFs: master regulators of signalling by Toll-like receptors and cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 6:644-58 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/nri1900
Reference
PMID:17395581
  Authors
Uematsu S, Akira S.
  Title
Toll-like receptors and Type I interferons.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 282:15319-23 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.R700009200
Reference
PMID:16497588
  Authors
Akira S, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O.
  Title
Pathogen recognition and innate immunity.
  Journal
Cell 124:783-801 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.015
Reference
PMID:14698224
  Authors
Yamamoto M, Takeda K, Akira S.
  Title
TIR domain-containing adaptors define the specificity of TLR signaling.
  Journal
Mol Immunol 40:861-8 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.molimm.2003.10.006
Reference
PMID:12734364
  Authors
Means TK, Hayashi F, Smith KD, Aderem A, Luster AD.
  Title
The Toll-like receptor 5 stimulus bacterial flagellin induces maturation and chemokine production in human dendritic cells.
  Journal
J Immunol 170:5165-75 (2003)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.170.10.5165
Reference
PMID:14751764
  Authors
Aderem A, Smith KD.
  Title
A systems approach to dissecting immunity and inflammation.
  Journal
Semin Immunol 16:55-67 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.smim.2003.10.002
Reference
PMID:17637696
  Authors
Banerjee A, Gerondakis S.
  Title
Coordinating TLR-activated signaling pathways in cells of the immune system.
  Journal
Immunol Cell Biol 85:420-4 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/sj.icb.7100098
Reference
PMID:17507094
  Authors
Loniewski KJ, Patial S, Parameswaran N.
  Title
Sensitivity of TLR4- and -7-induced NF kappa B1 p105-TPL2-ERK pathway to TNF-receptor-associated-factor-6 revealed by RNAi in mouse macrophages.
  Journal
Mol Immunol 44:3715-23 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.molimm.2007.04.002
Reference
PMID:11101877
  Authors
Arbibe L, Mira JP, Teusch N, Kline L, Guha M, Mackman N, Godowski PJ, Ulevitch RJ, Knaus UG.
  Title
Toll-like receptor 2-mediated NF-kappa B activation requires a Rac1-dependent pathway.
  Journal
Nat Immunol 1:533-40 (2000)
DOI:10.1038/82797
Reference
PMID:16924467
  Authors
Uematsu S, Akira S.
  Title
Toll-like receptors and innate immunity.
  Journal
J Mol Med 84:712-25 (2006)
DOI:10.1007/s00109-006-0084-y
Related
pathway
mrv04010  MAPK signaling pathway
mrv04060  Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
mrv04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
mrv04210  Apoptosis
KO pathway
ko04620   
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