KEGG   PATHWAY: pmei04910
Entry
pmei04910                   Pathway                                
Name
Insulin signaling pathway - Poecilia mexicana (shortfin molly)
Description
Insulin binding to its receptor results in the tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrates (IRS) by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase (INSR). This allows association of IRSs with the regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PI3K activates 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), which activates Akt, a serine kinase. Akt in turn deactivates glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), leading to activation of glycogen synthase (GYS) and thus glycogen synthesis. Activation of Akt also results in the translocation of GLUT4 vesicles from their intracellular pool to the plasma membrane, where they allow uptake of glucose into the cell. Akt also leads to mTOR-mediated activation of protein synthesis by eIF4 and p70S6K. The translocation of GLUT4 protein is also elicited through the CAP/Cbl/TC10 pathway, once Cbl is phosphorylated by INSR.
Other signal transduction proteins interact with IRS including GRB2. GRB2 is part of the cascade including SOS, RAS, RAF and MEK that leads to activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and mitogenic responses in the form of gene transcription. SHC is another substrate of INSR. When tyrosine phosphorylated, SHC associates with GRB2 and can thus activate the RAS/MAPK pathway independently of IRS-1.
Class
Organismal Systems; Endocrine system
Pathway map
pmei04910  Insulin signaling pathway
pmei04910

Organism
Poecilia mexicana (shortfin molly) [GN:pmei]
Gene
106908579  insulin isoform X1 [KO:K04526]
106928221  insulin-like [KO:K04526]
106916182  insulin receptor-like [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
106925119  insulin receptor-like [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
106904791  insulin receptor substrate 1-B-like [KO:K16172]
106934130  insulin receptor substrate 1-B-like [KO:K16172]
106906991  insulin receptor substrate 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K07187]
106927476  irs2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
106929252  insulin receptor substrate 2-B-like [KO:K07187]
106907915  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma-like isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
106908122  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma-like isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
106917051  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
106910271  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma-like isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
106919021  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma-like isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
106928883  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha-like [KO:K02649]
106906548  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
106917126  pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
106920607  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
106928990  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
106930552  pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
106907644  3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106911720  3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106913936  akt1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106932106  RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106933633  RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase-like isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106927524  RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106927573  gsk3b; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X1 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
106908452  glycogen [starch] synthase, liver-like [KO:K00693] [EC:2.4.1.11]
106931187  gys1; glycogen [starch] synthase, muscle [KO:K00693] [EC:2.4.1.11]
106906595  ppp1cb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
106907457  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
106931920  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit B-like [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
106932448  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase alpha-2 isoform-like [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
106924700  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase alpha-2 isoform-like [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
106931439  ppp1cc; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
106904946  protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3C-B-like [KO:K07189]
106920419  protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3D-like [KO:K07189]
106915794  protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3C-like [KO:K07189]
106907312  uncharacterized protein LOC106907312 isoform X1 [KO:K07189]
106916717  ppp1r3a; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3A isoform X1 [KO:K07189]
106917292  uncharacterized protein LOC106917292 [KO:K07189]
106910491  ppp1r3b; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3B [KO:K07189]
106933029  ppp1r3c; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3C [KO:K07189]
106921998  protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3E-like [KO:K07189]
106925034  protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3D-like isoform X1 [KO:K07189]
106907820  phosphorylase b kinase gamma catalytic chain, liver/testis isoform-like [KO:K00871] [EC:2.7.11.19]
106927278  phkg1; phosphorylase b kinase gamma catalytic chain, skeletal muscle/heart isoform [KO:K00871] [EC:2.7.11.19]
106914638  phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, liver isoform isoform X1 [KO:K07190]
106914686  phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, skeletal muscle isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K07190]
106915831  phkb; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07190]
106904799  calmodulin [KO:K02183]
106921104  calml4; calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
106934245  calm3; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
106922942  calmodulin [KO:K02183]
106930415  calm2; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
106918387  glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form-like [KO:K00688] [EC:2.4.1.1]
106921555  glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form [KO:K00688] [EC:2.4.1.1]
106922070  pygl; glycogen phosphorylase, liver form [KO:K00688] [EC:2.4.1.1]
106921707  pde3b; cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase B [KO:K13296] [EC:3.1.4.17]
106906228  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
106922057  prkaca; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
106923625  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
106930009  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-like [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
106931018  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta-like isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
106915784  prkar1b; cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-beta regulatory subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04739]
106916491  prkar2b; cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-beta regulatory subunit [KO:K04739]
106932915  prkar1a; cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha regulatory subunit [KO:K04739]
106922578  cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-alpha regulatory subunit-like [KO:K04739]
106929629  cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-alpha regulatory subunit-like [KO:K04739]
106916842  lipe; hormone-sensitive lipase isoform X1 [KO:K07188] [EC:3.1.1.79]
106923653  hormone-sensitive lipase-like [KO:K07188] [EC:3.1.1.79]
106932765  prkcz; protein kinase C zeta type isoform X1 [KO:K18952] [EC:2.7.11.13]
106916189  prkci; protein kinase C iota type [KO:K06069] [EC:2.7.11.13]
106919125  slc2a4; solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4 [KO:K07191]
106906730  flotillin-2-like [KO:K07192]
106917851  flot1; flotillin-1 [KO:K07192]
106933206  flotillin-2a isoform X1 [KO:K07192]
106924093  flotillin-1 [KO:K07192]
106917734  sh2b2; SH2B adapter protein 2 [KO:K07193]
106930446  sorbs1; sorbin and SH3 domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06086]
106904204  cbl; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL [KO:K04707] [EC:2.3.2.27]
106915552  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL-like [KO:K04707] [EC:2.3.2.27]
106914368  crk; adapter molecule crk [KO:K04438]
106918296  crkl; crk-like protein [KO:K04438]
106911536  adapter molecule crk-like [KO:K04438]
106923845  rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K06277]
106909293  rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoQ [KO:K07194]
106930416  rhoq; rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoQ [KO:K07194]
106931276  exoc7; exocyst complex component 7 isoform X1 [KO:K07195]
106915659  cdc42-interacting protein 4 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K07196]
106908190  cdc42-interacting protein 4 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K07196]
106914082  srebf1; sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 [KO:K07197]
106914850  acaca; acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K11262] [EC:6.4.1.2 6.3.4.14 2.1.3.15]
106918451  acacb; acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K01946] [EC:6.4.1.2 6.3.4.14 2.1.3.15]
106927214  fasn; fatty acid synthase [KO:K00665] [EC:2.3.1.85]
106908927  hexokinase-2-like [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
106909426  glucokinase-like [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
106909850  hexokinase-2-like [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
106922776  putative hexokinase HKDC1 [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
106922777  hexokinase-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
106930240  hexokinase-1 isoform X1 [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
106929044  gck; glucokinase [KO:K12407] [EC:2.7.1.2]
106926166  prkaa2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
106924337  prkaa1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
106906561  5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1-like [KO:K07199]
106927904  5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2-like [KO:K07199]
106921617  prkab1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 [KO:K07199]
106919797  5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
106905100  prkag3; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3 isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
106906316  prkag1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 [KO:K07200]
106911661  5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2-like [KO:K07200]
106930974  5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
106914462  forkhead box protein O1-A-like [KO:K07201]
106915730  forkhead box protein O1-B-like [KO:K07201]
106917273  ppargc1a; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K07202]
106919510  g6pc3; glucose-6-phosphatase 3 [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
106926444  g6pc2; glucose-6-phosphatase 2 [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
106933898  g6pc; glucose-6-phosphatase [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
106933899  glucose-6-phosphatase-like [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
106932317  fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1-like [KO:K03841] [EC:3.1.3.11]
106932320  fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase isozyme 2-like [KO:K03841] [EC:3.1.3.11]
106933862  fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1-like [KO:K03841] [EC:3.1.3.11]
106909565  phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic [GTP]-like isoform X1 [KO:K01596] [EC:4.1.1.32]
106926981  pck1; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic [GTP] [KO:K01596] [EC:4.1.1.32]
106934105  mtor; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106921793  rptor; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204]
106919496  ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1-like [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106909743  ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2-like isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106928688  ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1-like [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106919288  rps6; 40S ribosomal protein S6 [KO:K02991]
106922651  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 3-like [KO:K07205]
106930400  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1-like [KO:K07205]
106907860  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-1A-like [KO:K03259]
106916469  eif4e2; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03259]
106908335  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-like isoform X1 [KO:K03259]
106924989  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-1A isoform X1 [KO:K03259]
106906339  hamartin-like [KO:K07206]
106910681  hamartin-like isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
106917577  tsc2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
106904726  GTP-binding protein Rheb-like isoform X1 [KO:K07208]
106906312  rhebl1; GTPase RhebL1 [KO:K07208]
106929365  rheb; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
106916906  bad; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death isoform X1 [KO:K02158]
106916259  shc1; SHC-transforming protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06279]
106918340  shc2; SHC-transforming protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17447]
106912419  SHC-transforming protein 3-like [KO:K17448]
106903214  SHC-transforming protein 3-like [KO:K17448]
106904493  shc4; SHC-transforming protein 4 [KO:K17449]
106933452  grb2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]
106912797  son of sevenless homolog 1-like [KO:K03099]
106922076  sos2; son of sevenless homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
106917342  hras; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
106916041  kras; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
106931194  GTPase HRas-like [KO:K07827]
106930520  serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf-like [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106907580  serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf-like [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106904980  raf1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106924888  map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
106915816  map2k2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
106919524  mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
106906981  mitogen-activated protein kinase 1-like [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
106904838  mknk1; MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 [KO:K04372] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106925950  mknk2; MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 [KO:K04372] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106909702  elk1; ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04375]
106912726  suppressor of cytokine signaling 1-like [KO:K04694]
106915225  socs1; suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 [KO:K04694]
106934125  suppressor of cytokine signaling 2-like [KO:K04695]
106920078  socs3; suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 [KO:K04696]
106927467  suppressor of cytokine signaling 3-like [KO:K04696]
106911193  suppressor of cytokine signaling 4-like [KO:K04697]
106916778  tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1-like [KO:K05696] [EC:3.1.3.48]
106914758  ptprf; receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F isoform X1 [KO:K05695] [EC:3.1.3.48]
106904068  receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F-like [KO:K05695] [EC:3.1.3.48]
106915127  mitogen-activated protein kinase 8-like isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
106917997  mapk10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
106920878  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9-like isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
106924329  mapk8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
106921755  ikbkb; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
106926721  phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase 2B-like [KO:K15909] [EC:3.1.3.86]
106927825  inppl1; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K15909] [EC:3.1.3.86]
106924570  type I inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase-like [KO:K01106] [EC:3.1.3.56]
Compound
C00031  D-Glucose
C00369  Starch
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
  Authors
Ogawa W, Kasuga M.
  Title
[Mechanism of insulin action and diabetes mellitus]
  Journal
Seikagaku 75:1332-44 (2003)
Reference
  Authors
Bevan P.
  Title
Insulin signalling.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 114:1429-30 (2001)
Reference
  Authors
Kanzaki M, Pessin JE.
  Title
Insulin signaling: GLUT4 vesicles exit via the exocyst.
  Journal
Curr Biol 13:R574-6 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00478-0
Reference
  Authors
Moodie SA, Alleman-Sposeto J, Gustafson TA.
  Title
Identification of the APS protein as a novel insulin receptor substrate.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 274:11186-93 (1999)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.274.16.11186
Reference
  Authors
Gual P, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Tanti JF.
  Title
Positive and negative regulation of insulin signaling through IRS-1 phosphorylation.
  Journal
Biochimie 87:99-109 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biochi.2004.10.019
Reference
PMID:9748166
  Authors
Le Good JA, Ziegler WH, Parekh DB, Alessi DR, Cohen P, Parker PJ.
  Title
Protein kinase C isotypes controlled by phosphoinositide 3-kinase through the protein kinase PDK1.
  Journal
Science 281:2042-5 (1998)
DOI:10.1126/science.281.5385.2042
Reference
  Authors
Saltiel AR, Kahn CR.
  Title
Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism.
  Journal
Nature 414:799-806 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/414799a
Reference
  Authors
Inoki K, Corradetti MN, Guan KL.
  Title
Dysregulation of the TSC-mTOR pathway in human disease.
  Journal
Nat Genet 37:19-24 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/ng1494
Reference
  Authors
Ruggero D, Sonenberg N.
  Title
The Akt of translational control.
  Journal
Oncogene 24:7426-34 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1209098
Reference
  Authors
Nave BT, Ouwens M, Withers DJ, Alessi DR, Shepherd PR.
  Title
Mammalian target of rapamycin is a direct target for protein kinase B: identification of a convergence point for opposing effects of insulin and amino-acid deficiency on protein translation.
  Journal
Biochem J 344 Pt 2:427-31 (1999)
DOI:10.1042/bj3440427
Reference
PMID:9445476
  Authors
Pullen N, Dennis PB, Andjelkovic M, Dufner A, Kozma SC, Hemmings BA, Thomas G.
  Title
Phosphorylation and activation of p70s6k by PDK1.
  Journal
Science 279:707-10 (1998)
DOI:10.1126/science.279.5351.707
Reference
PMID:9609110
  Authors
Ogawa W, Matozaki T, Kasuga M.
  Title
Role of binding proteins to IRS-1 in insulin signalling.
  Journal
Mol Cell Biochem 182:13-22 (1998)
Reference
PMID:9609111
  Authors
Ceresa BP, Pessin JE.
  Title
Insulin regulation of the Ras activation/inactivation cycle.
  Journal
Mol Cell Biochem 182:23-9 (1998)
Reference
  Authors
Pollak MN, Schernhammer ES, Hankinson SE.
  Title
Insulin-like growth factors and neoplasia.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 4:505-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nrc1387
Reference
PMID:9346240
  Authors
Datta SR, Dudek H, Tao X, Masters S, Fu H, Gotoh Y, Greenberg ME.
  Title
Akt phosphorylation of BAD couples survival signals to the cell-intrinsic death machinery.
  Journal
Cell 91:231-41 (1997)
DOI:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80405-5
Reference
  Authors
Ferre P, Foufelle F
  Title
SREBP-1c transcription factor and lipid homeostasis: clinical perspective.
  Journal
Horm Res 68:72-82 (2007)
DOI:10.1159/000100426
Reference
  Authors
Raghow R, Yellaturu C, Deng X, Park EA, Elam MB
  Title
SREBPs: the crossroads of physiological and pathological lipid homeostasis.
  Journal
Trends Endocrinol Metab 19:65-73 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.tem.2007.10.009
Reference
  Authors
Clement S, Krause U, Desmedt F, Tanti JF, Behrends J, Pesesse X, Sasaki T, Penninger J, Doherty M, Malaisse W, Dumont JE, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Erneux C, Hue L, Schurmans S
  Title
The lipid phosphatase SHIP2 controls insulin sensitivity.
  Journal
Nature 409:92-7 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/35051094
Reference
  Authors
Backers K, Blero D, Paternotte N, Zhang J, Erneux C
  Title
The termination of PI3K signalling by SHIP1 and SHIP2 inositol 5-phosphatases.
  Journal
Adv Enzyme Regul 43:15-28 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0065-2571(02)00043-2
Related
pathway
pmei00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
pmei00061  Fatty acid biosynthesis
pmei00500  Starch and sucrose metabolism
pmei04010  MAPK signaling pathway
pmei04070  Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
pmei04210  Apoptosis
KO pathway
ko04910   
LinkDB

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